Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1177/00016993221088447
Michael Savelkoul, Manfred te Grotenhuis, P. Scheepers
In recent years, Europe witnessed several terrorist attacks by Islamist terrorists. To date, crucial questions are whether and how such events influence the European public’s resistance towards Muslims, and if such influence depends on the level of intergroup competition, both at the contextual and individual level. Using the European Social Survey (ESS7), we were able to compare respondents interviewed shortly before and after the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo in January 2015. While we found no support for a moderating role of intergroup competition, our study shows that the levels of resistance towards Muslim immigrants were higher shortly after the attacks in Ireland and Czech Republic, however, lower in France. For Austria, Finland and Germany we found no influence. Our findings indicate that one cannot be too careful with generalizing conclusions from single countries.
{"title":"Has the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo fuelled resistance towards Muslim immigrants in Europe? Results from a natural experiment in six European countries","authors":"Michael Savelkoul, Manfred te Grotenhuis, P. Scheepers","doi":"10.1177/00016993221088447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993221088447","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Europe witnessed several terrorist attacks by Islamist terrorists. To date, crucial questions are whether and how such events influence the European public’s resistance towards Muslims, and if such influence depends on the level of intergroup competition, both at the contextual and individual level. Using the European Social Survey (ESS7), we were able to compare respondents interviewed shortly before and after the terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo in January 2015. While we found no support for a moderating role of intergroup competition, our study shows that the levels of resistance towards Muslim immigrants were higher shortly after the attacks in Ireland and Czech Republic, however, lower in France. For Austria, Finland and Germany we found no influence. Our findings indicate that one cannot be too careful with generalizing conclusions from single countries.","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"65 1","pages":"357 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65022186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1177/00016993221088741
C. Backman, Anna Hedenus
Even though recruiters’ practise of searching for information online during recruitment and selection has been a contested practise, owing to the risk of discrimination and privacy intrusions as well as poor evidence for its ability to predict work performance, it is used in recruitment. In this article, our aim is to understand how ‘professional talk’ is used as a discursive resource to legitimize contested practises such as the practise of cybervetting by recruiters. The study is based on interviews with 37 recruiters in Sweden, all of whom had experience of cybervetting jobseekers. We found that professional talk was linked to objectivity and being unemotional, having knowledge about recruitment methods and the ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. In relation to the theory on professional talk, our study contributes with empirical evidence for the normative function of professional talk. Using cybervetting, as a case of legitimizing controversial practises, we provide a theoretical contribution to the theory on professional talk by illustrating how professional talk not only fills a disciplinary function by restraining a practise but also by enabling, legitimizing and providing discursive frames for how it can be performed.
{"title":"Professional talk on cybervetting: Accounting for a contested practise","authors":"C. Backman, Anna Hedenus","doi":"10.1177/00016993221088741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993221088741","url":null,"abstract":"Even though recruiters’ practise of searching for information online during recruitment and selection has been a contested practise, owing to the risk of discrimination and privacy intrusions as well as poor evidence for its ability to predict work performance, it is used in recruitment. In this article, our aim is to understand how ‘professional talk’ is used as a discursive resource to legitimize contested practises such as the practise of cybervetting by recruiters. The study is based on interviews with 37 recruiters in Sweden, all of whom had experience of cybervetting jobseekers. We found that professional talk was linked to objectivity and being unemotional, having knowledge about recruitment methods and the ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. In relation to the theory on professional talk, our study contributes with empirical evidence for the normative function of professional talk. Using cybervetting, as a case of legitimizing controversial practises, we provide a theoretical contribution to the theory on professional talk by illustrating how professional talk not only fills a disciplinary function by restraining a practise but also by enabling, legitimizing and providing discursive frames for how it can be performed.","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"66 1","pages":"59 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44654340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2021.09
Kevin Linehan, Eugene M Dempsey, C Anthony Ryan, R Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton
The human gut microbiome harbors a diverse range of microbes that play a fundamental role in the health and well-being of their host. The early-life microbiome has a major influence on human development and long-term health. Perinatal factors such as maternal nutrition, antibiotic use, gestational age and mode of delivery influence the initial colonization, development, and function of the neonatal gut microbiome. The perturbed early-life gut microbiome predisposes infants to diseases in early and later life. Understanding how perinatal factors guide and shape the composition of the early-life microbiome is essential to improving infant health. The following review provides a synopsis of perinatal factors with the most decisive influences on initial microbial colonization of the infant gut.
{"title":"First encounters of the microbial kind: perinatal factors direct infant gut microbiome establishment.","authors":"Kevin Linehan, Eugene M Dempsey, C Anthony Ryan, R Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2021.09","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human gut microbiome harbors a diverse range of microbes that play a fundamental role in the health and well-being of their host. The early-life microbiome has a major influence on human development and long-term health. Perinatal factors such as maternal nutrition, antibiotic use, gestational age and mode of delivery influence the initial colonization, development, and function of the neonatal gut microbiome. The perturbed early-life gut microbiome predisposes infants to diseases in early and later life. Understanding how perinatal factors guide and shape the composition of the early-life microbiome is essential to improving infant health. The following review provides a synopsis of perinatal factors with the most decisive influences on initial microbial colonization of the infant gut.</p>","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"72 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10688792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75622378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1177/00016993211066261
A. Baranowska-Rataj
This study examines the association between the parental division of paid labour and depressive symptoms in a comparative perspective. It investigates how this relationship varies across couples in countries with different social policies using data from European Social Survey, and multilevel models with cross-level interactions between the parental division of paid labour and macro-level indicators of social policies. The results indicate that dual-earner couples report fewer depressive symptoms than parents in other types of families. This relative advantage of dual-earner couples varies across policy contexts. The benefits of a dual-earner model over a male breadwinner model are larger in countries where childcare services are easily available and do not disappear in countries with generous financial support from the state. Additional analyses reveal how these relationships differ across gender.
{"title":"The impact of the parental division of paid labour on depressive symptoms: The moderating role of social policies","authors":"A. Baranowska-Rataj","doi":"10.1177/00016993211066261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993211066261","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the association between the parental division of paid labour and depressive symptoms in a comparative perspective. It investigates how this relationship varies across couples in countries with different social policies using data from European Social Survey, and multilevel models with cross-level interactions between the parental division of paid labour and macro-level indicators of social policies. The results indicate that dual-earner couples report fewer depressive symptoms than parents in other types of families. This relative advantage of dual-earner couples varies across policy contexts. The benefits of a dual-earner model over a male breadwinner model are larger in countries where childcare services are easily available and do not disappear in countries with generous financial support from the state. Additional analyses reveal how these relationships differ across gender.","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"65 1","pages":"275 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1177/00016993221074826
Anne Lise Ellingsæter
Historically, wedding traditions have reflected unequal power dynamics between women and men. Anglo-American studies suggest that despite growing gender equality in society and preferences for egalitarian marriages among young adults, wedding traditions perpetuate patriarchal ideas. This article explores this puzzle in the Nordic context. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with Norwegian millennials, 27 women and men, who were soon to be married or had been recently. How this new generation navigates three wedding traditions rooted in gender inequality — the male marriage proposal, the gendered division of wedding planning and women's change of surname — was investigated by identifying gender dynamics at the institutional, interactional and individual level. The study makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it brings new insights into whether and how wedding traditions are maintained or resisted in a Nordic context, extending existing Anglo-American research. Second, representing a novel empirical lens to the Nordic context, the study also advances knowledge about the progress in gender equality in a hitherto little studied domain.
{"title":"Resisting or maintaining gender inequality? Wedding traditions among Norwegian millennials","authors":"Anne Lise Ellingsæter","doi":"10.1177/00016993221074826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993221074826","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, wedding traditions have reflected unequal power dynamics between women and men. Anglo-American studies suggest that despite growing gender equality in society and preferences for egalitarian marriages among young adults, wedding traditions perpetuate patriarchal ideas. This article explores this puzzle in the Nordic context. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with Norwegian millennials, 27 women and men, who were soon to be married or had been recently. How this new generation navigates three wedding traditions rooted in gender inequality — the male marriage proposal, the gendered division of wedding planning and women's change of surname — was investigated by identifying gender dynamics at the institutional, interactional and individual level. The study makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it brings new insights into whether and how wedding traditions are maintained or resisted in a Nordic context, extending existing Anglo-American research. Second, representing a novel empirical lens to the Nordic context, the study also advances knowledge about the progress in gender equality in a hitherto little studied domain.","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"66 1","pages":"44 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41827057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1177/00016993211070192
M. Teigen, Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, Rune Karlsen
Access to resources, wealth, and power positions varies systematically with membership in social categories. This article asks what role the elites themselves – as holders of power and regulators of access to influential positions – can play in maintaining, but also changing, the demographic composition of elites. Drawing on a unique survey among the entire Norwegian elite, we investigate what holders of elite positions believe are the main causes of gender imbalance and lack of ethnic diversity, and whether their beliefs influence their willingness to implement measures to promote gender equality and ethnic diversity. In line with expectations drawn from the literatures on policy representation and critical frame analysis, we find a strong, positive relationship between the belief in the importance of institutionalized causes of inequality and the willingness to introduce ameliorative measures to increase diversity. Conversely, we find a negative relationship between the belief in individualized explanations, such as the lack of qualifications, and the willingness to introduce measures. As elites are key holders of power, the findings imply that how elites view the causes of categorical inequality has strong bearings on the room for structural change.
{"title":"Elites on Equality: Room for Gender Balance and Ethnic Diversity in Leadership Positions?","authors":"M. Teigen, Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, Rune Karlsen","doi":"10.1177/00016993211070192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993211070192","url":null,"abstract":"Access to resources, wealth, and power positions varies systematically with membership in social categories. This article asks what role the elites themselves – as holders of power and regulators of access to influential positions – can play in maintaining, but also changing, the demographic composition of elites. Drawing on a unique survey among the entire Norwegian elite, we investigate what holders of elite positions believe are the main causes of gender imbalance and lack of ethnic diversity, and whether their beliefs influence their willingness to implement measures to promote gender equality and ethnic diversity. In line with expectations drawn from the literatures on policy representation and critical frame analysis, we find a strong, positive relationship between the belief in the importance of institutionalized causes of inequality and the willingness to introduce ameliorative measures to increase diversity. Conversely, we find a negative relationship between the belief in individualized explanations, such as the lack of qualifications, and the willingness to introduce measures. As elites are key holders of power, the findings imply that how elites view the causes of categorical inequality has strong bearings on the room for structural change.","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"66 1","pages":"119 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49476831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1177/00016993211070980
Jarmo Kallunki
Cultural reproduction has attracted the attention of cultural sociologists over the last few decades. While a body of research has shown that the orientation to highbrow culture is transmitted from parents to their children, research on the transmission of other cultural orientations has been scarce. In this paper, I study the intergenerational transmission of three cultural orientations—highbrow, popular, and crafts—in Finland. The data were derived from a nationally representative sample (N = 1425) surveyed in Finland in 2018, and it was analysed with regression techniques. For the respondent, I target current cultural participation, and for the parents I rely on retrospective data targeting joint cultural participation with the respondent during their childhood. I show that there is symmetric transmission of cultural orientation, namely that the respondent's current orientation is most tightly associated with the same orientation that they practiced with their parents, suggesting symmetric cultural reproduction in Finland. Additionally, parents’ overall cultural participation is associated with their children's overall cultural participation. I reflect on the findings in the light of past and current research on cultural practices and suggest directions for future research.
{"title":"Cultural reproduction in Finland: Symmetric intergenerational transmission of cultural orientations","authors":"Jarmo Kallunki","doi":"10.1177/00016993211070980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993211070980","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural reproduction has attracted the attention of cultural sociologists over the last few decades. While a body of research has shown that the orientation to highbrow culture is transmitted from parents to their children, research on the transmission of other cultural orientations has been scarce. In this paper, I study the intergenerational transmission of three cultural orientations—highbrow, popular, and crafts—in Finland. The data were derived from a nationally representative sample (N = 1425) surveyed in Finland in 2018, and it was analysed with regression techniques. For the respondent, I target current cultural participation, and for the parents I rely on retrospective data targeting joint cultural participation with the respondent during their childhood. I show that there is symmetric transmission of cultural orientation, namely that the respondent's current orientation is most tightly associated with the same orientation that they practiced with their parents, suggesting symmetric cultural reproduction in Finland. Additionally, parents’ overall cultural participation is associated with their children's overall cultural participation. I reflect on the findings in the light of past and current research on cultural practices and suggest directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"66 1","pages":"26 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41347551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1177/00016993211065327
Emma Jones
=3502984 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3502984. Goffman E (1956) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. London: Penguin Books. Maroney T (2011) The persistent cultural script of judicial dispassion. California Law Review 99(2): 629–681. Roach Anleu S, Bergman Blix S and Mack K (2015) Researching emotion in courts and the judiciary: A tale of Two projects. Emotion Review 7(2): 145–150. Book Reviews 463
{"title":"Book Review: Interactional Justice: The Role of Emotions in the Performance of Loyalty","authors":"Emma Jones","doi":"10.1177/00016993211065327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993211065327","url":null,"abstract":"=3502984 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3502984. Goffman E (1956) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. London: Penguin Books. Maroney T (2011) The persistent cultural script of judicial dispassion. California Law Review 99(2): 629–681. Roach Anleu S, Bergman Blix S and Mack K (2015) Researching emotion in courts and the judiciary: A tale of Two projects. Emotion Review 7(2): 145–150. Book Reviews 463","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"486 ","pages":"462 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41281267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.1177/00016993211068318
M. Brandén, Magnus Bygren
It is a matter of debate whether free school choice should lead to higher or lower levels of school segregation. We investigate how school choice opportunities affect school segregation utilizing geocoded Swedish population register data with information on 13 cohorts of ninth graders. We find that local school choice opportunities strongly affect the sorting of students across schools based on the parents’ country of birth and level of education. An increase in the number of local schools leads to higher levels of local segregation net of stable area characteristics, and time-varying controls for population structure and local residential segregation. In particular, the local presence of private voucher schools pushes school segregation upwards. The segregating impact of school choice opportunities is notably stronger in ‘native’ areas with high portions of highly educated parents, and in areas with low residential segregation. Our results point to the importance of embedding individual actors in relevant opportunity structures for understanding segregation processes.
{"title":"The opportunity structure of segregation: School choice and school segregation in Sweden","authors":"M. Brandén, Magnus Bygren","doi":"10.1177/00016993211068318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993211068318","url":null,"abstract":"It is a matter of debate whether free school choice should lead to higher or lower levels of school segregation. We investigate how school choice opportunities affect school segregation utilizing geocoded Swedish population register data with information on 13 cohorts of ninth graders. We find that local school choice opportunities strongly affect the sorting of students across schools based on the parents’ country of birth and level of education. An increase in the number of local schools leads to higher levels of local segregation net of stable area characteristics, and time-varying controls for population structure and local residential segregation. In particular, the local presence of private voucher schools pushes school segregation upwards. The segregating impact of school choice opportunities is notably stronger in ‘native’ areas with high portions of highly educated parents, and in areas with low residential segregation. Our results point to the importance of embedding individual actors in relevant opportunity structures for understanding segregation processes.","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"65 1","pages":"420 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42911094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1177/00016993211066263
J. Gerhards, Holger Lengfeld, C. Dilger
European citizenship consisting of equal economic, social and political rights for all EU citizens has come under pressure in recent years due to the different crises the EU had to face. Based on a survey conducted in 13 EU member states we examined to what extent EU citizens support the notion that citizens from other European countries should enjoy the same rights as nationals. Overall, 56% of EU citizens support the idea that citizens from other EU member states (EU migrants) and national citizens shall be treated equally. In addition, we find remarkable variation between the countries. Multivariate analyses indicate that cultural factors on the individual and the country level have a strong impact on attitudes towards Europeanized equality, whereas structural factors that are related to individuals’ and a countries’ socioeconomic position are only of minor importance.
{"title":"Contested European citizenship: Results from a 13 country survey","authors":"J. Gerhards, Holger Lengfeld, C. Dilger","doi":"10.1177/00016993211066263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993211066263","url":null,"abstract":"European citizenship consisting of equal economic, social and political rights for all EU citizens has come under pressure in recent years due to the different crises the EU had to face. Based on a survey conducted in 13 EU member states we examined to what extent EU citizens support the notion that citizens from other European countries should enjoy the same rights as nationals. Overall, 56% of EU citizens support the idea that citizens from other EU member states (EU migrants) and national citizens shall be treated equally. In addition, we find remarkable variation between the countries. Multivariate analyses indicate that cultural factors on the individual and the country level have a strong impact on attitudes towards Europeanized equality, whereas structural factors that are related to individuals’ and a countries’ socioeconomic position are only of minor importance.","PeriodicalId":47591,"journal":{"name":"Acta Sociologica","volume":"65 1","pages":"250 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44551546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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