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Mindfulness for Performance and Wellbeing in the Police: Linking Individual and Organizational Outcomes 警察绩效和幸福的正念:将个人和组织成果联系起来
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x231155794
H. Fitzhugh, G. Michaelides, K. Daniels, S. Connolly, E. Nasamu
This article reports on the largest randomized control trial (with followup) to examine the effects of mindfulness among police officers and staff. The benefits of mindfulness for wellbeing are established, but less is known about long-term impact on employee wellbeing and the implications of individual outcomes at organizational level. In the RCT, both the wellbeing and performance of users of two mindfulness apps over 24 weeks improved as compared to a control group. In responding to calls for consideration of relevance alongside rigor in public administration field experiments, the study also investigated how a large-scale wellbeing intervention was implemented and applied cost-effectiveness methodology to link individual and organizational outcomes and demonstrate cost savings. This additional contextualization showed how to improve implementation of wellbeing interventions for public personnel and demonstrated a method for rigorously assessing whether interventions deliver on both an individual and organizational level.
本文报道了一项规模最大的随机对照试验(包括随访),以检验正念在警察和工作人员中的影响。正念对幸福感的好处已经确立,但对员工幸福感的长期影响以及组织层面个人结果的影响知之甚少。在RCT中,两个24岁以上正念应用程序用户的健康状况和表现 周与对照组相比有所改善。为了回应在公共行政实地实验中考虑相关性和严格性的呼吁,该研究还调查了如何实施大规模的幸福干预,并应用成本效益方法将个人和组织的结果联系起来,以证明成本节约。这种额外的情境化展示了如何改进公共人员福利干预措施的实施,并展示了一种严格评估干预措施是否在个人和组织层面发挥作用的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Street-Level Leadership: Re-conceptualizing the Role of the Manager 基层领导:重新定义管理者的角色
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x231155357
A. Møller, C. Grøn
Street-level workers are notoriously difficult to manage. Over the years, scholars have highlighted the importance of social dynamics and informal and collective leadership in street-level contexts. Yet, the question of how formal managers can support street-level workers’ performance and well-being remains underexplored. Building on insights from the street-level and generic leadership literatures, the authors seek to delineate a role for formal managers that takes seriously the particularities of the street-level context. The authors develop a concept of street-level leadership that is underpinned by a relational approach and focused on activating street-level workers’ professional knowledge and building supportive communities, with the purpose of supporting professional uses of discretion, conscientious prioritizations, and the ability to handle moral dilemmas and emotional strain. Empirical examples illustrate street-level leadership in practice. Future research should explore the proposed mechanisms and effects of street-level leadership, including important HRM outcomes such as job satisfaction, retention, and burnout.
街头工人是出了名的难以管理。多年来,学者们强调了社会动态以及非正式和集体领导在街头环境中的重要性。然而,正式管理人员如何支持街头工人的绩效和福祉的问题仍未得到充分探讨。基于来自基层和一般领导文献的见解,作者试图描述正式管理者的角色,认真对待基层背景的特殊性。作者提出了一个街头领导的概念,该概念以关系方法为基础,专注于激活街头工人的专业知识和建立支持性社区,目的是支持专业使用酌情决定权,认真优先考虑,以及处理道德困境和情绪紧张的能力。实证例子说明了街头领导的实践。未来的研究应该探索街头领导的机制和影响,包括重要的人力资源管理结果,如工作满意度、留任和倦怠。
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引用次数: 0
Veteran Status and Job Candidate Assessments in U.S. Local Governments 美国地方政府的退伍军人地位和职位候选人评估
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x231152777
Justin M. Stritch, U. Jensen, D. Swindell, Michelle Allgood, Allegra H. Fullerton
Advocates often present veterans as an untapped resource for local governments to boost the public service workforce. However, there is a lack of understanding of how human resource (HR) professionals value military experience when assessing candidate preparedness for a managerial career in public service. We examine how veteran status affects U.S. city and county HR directors’ evaluations of candidates for entry-level managerial positions in local government. Using an experimental design, we randomly assign candidate characteristics of veteran status and gender, and we observe HR directors’ assessments of candidate preparedness. Our findings reveal a premium on veteran status for candidate assessments relative to similar private sector experience in assessments of candidate experience. At the same time, the results are less conclusive when compared to similar public sector experiences. In addition, we find no clear evidence of disparate assessments of candidate preparedness as a function of candidate gender.
倡议者经常把退伍军人说成是地方政府增加公共服务劳动力的一种尚未开发的资源。然而,人力资源(HR)专业人员在评估候选人对公共服务管理职业的准备时,缺乏对军事经验的理解。我们研究了退伍军人身份如何影响美国市县人力资源主管对地方政府入门级管理职位候选人的评估。采用实验设计,随机分配退伍军人身份和性别的候选人特征,观察人力资源主管对候选人准备程度的评价。我们的研究结果显示,在评估候选人经验时,相对于评估类似的私营部门经验,退伍军人身份对候选人的评估有溢价。与此同时,与类似的公共部门经验相比,结果不那么确凿。此外,我们发现没有明确的证据表明候选人准备的不同评估作为候选人性别的函数。
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引用次数: 0
Developing Perceived and Experienced Identity: How Leadership Training Affects Leadership Identity 发展认知认同与经验认同:领导训练如何影响领导认同
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x221146718
C. Grøn, L. B. Andersen
Research shows that leadership identity is important for public managers’ behavior, but has until now relied primarily on self-reports. Arguing that leadership identity is a relational concept, this article compares the managers’ experienced leadership identity with the corresponding follower perceived leadership identity and followers’ role perceptions of their leaders. Further, we test whether leadership training affects these concepts. Panel data from 911 municipal employees and their 84 managers confirms that managers experience that they have a more dominant leadership identity relative to their employees’ perception, but that employees see their managers as having a more dominant leadership identity after the managers’ participation in leadership training. Data from 171 managers and their 1,572 employees in another municipality further show that many employees emphasize the professional role of their manager. Our study implies that public managers should consider prioritizing leadership training to strengthen their followers’ perceptions of them as leaders.
研究表明,领导身份对公共管理者的行为很重要,但迄今为止主要依赖于自我报告。本文认为领导身份是一个关系概念,将管理者的经验领导身份与相应的追随者感知的领导身份和追随者对其领导者的角色感知进行了比较。此外,我们还测试了领导力培训是否会影响这些概念。来自911名市政雇员及其84名管理人员的小组数据证实,管理人员认为,相对于员工的感知,他们拥有更具主导性的领导身份,但员工认为,在管理人员参加领导培训后,他们的管理人员拥有更具支配性的领导认同。来自另一个城市171名经理及其1572名员工的数据进一步表明,许多员工强调经理的专业作用。我们的研究表明,公共管理者应该考虑优先考虑领导力培训,以加强追随者对他们作为领导者的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Training and ‘Doing’ Procedural Justice in the Frontline of Public Service: Evidence from Police 在公共服务的第一线培训和“做”程序正义:来自警察的证据
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x221149137
Galia Cohen, Andrea M. Headley
Procedural justice can impact on street-level bureaucrat (SLB)-citizen encounters as it shapes citizens’ experience with, and perception of, the delivery of public service. Specifically, in police encounters with the public, procedural justice has recently dominated the public discourse due to the tensions around police-community relations. One way to enhance the quality of SLB-citizen encounters is through procedural justice training. Utilizing a mixed methods design, we conduct a two-pronged analysis of (1) the content and teaching time of procedural justice training in state-mandated basic police curricula across U.S. states and (2) the ways training content (i.e., concepts of procedural justice) is conceptualized by the street-level bureaucrats who are the subjects of these curricula. The study identifies deficiencies in the length of the training and highlights discrepancies between the content emphasized in the training and the ways in which SLBs perceive and interpret its utility and applicability. It concludes by offering practical recommendations on how to improve procedural justice competencies, and by way, enhance SLB-citizen encounters through training.
程序正义可以影响街头官僚(SLB)与公民的接触,因为它塑造了公民对公共服务提供的体验和感知。具体而言,在警察与公众的接触中,由于警察与社区关系的紧张,程序正义最近主导了公共话语。提高slb公民接触质量的一种方法是通过程序正义培训。利用混合方法设计,我们对以下两方面进行了分析:(1)美国各州强制性警察基础课程中程序正义培训的内容和教学时间;(2)培训内容(即程序正义概念)是如何被作为这些课程主题的街头官僚概念化的。该研究指出了培训长度上的不足,并强调了培训所强调的内容与slb理解和解释其效用和适用性的方式之间的差异。最后,本文就如何提高程序司法能力提出了切实可行的建议,并顺便通过培训加强社会福利与公民的接触。
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引用次数: 0
Emotionally Intelligent Street-Level Bureaucracies: Agenda Setting for Promoting Equity in Public Service Delivery 情感智慧的街道级政府:促进公共服务公平的议程设置
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x221149165
Zehavit Levitats
The goal of this conceptual study is to highlight the potential contribution of emotional intelligence as a tool in advancing the study of equity in public service delivery. By reviewing the literature on emotional intelligence in public administration and rationalizing its relationship with equity among street-level bureaucrats and bureaucracies, this article proposes a strategy to promote social equity in the provision of public service. The proposed strategy focuses on the role of EI-supportive organizational culture, and particularly human resource management practices, as a means to enhance bureaucrats’ emotionally intelligent behavior in their interactions with citizens-clients. Finally, the article proposes a theoretical and methodological agenda for future research in this important field of study.
这项概念研究的目的是强调情商作为一种工具在推进公共服务公平研究方面的潜在贡献。通过回顾公共管理中的情商文献,并合理化其与街道官僚和官僚机构公平的关系,本文提出了在提供公共服务中促进社会公平的策略。拟议的战略侧重于EI支持性组织文化的作用,特别是人力资源管理实践,作为一种手段,在与公民客户的互动中增强官僚的情商行为。最后,文章提出了未来这一重要研究领域的理论和方法论议程。
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引用次数: 0
Unions, Monitoring, and Deferred Compensation: Evidence From California School Districts 工会、监督和延期补偿:来自加州学区的证据
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x221149154
Paul Bruno
Public agencies vary considerably in the extent to which they defer compensation until later in workers’ careers and often heavily backload compensation even when frontloaded compensation would likely be more efficient. I use two-way fixed effects models and detailed longitudinal data on collective bargaining agreements, salaries, and fringe benefits in public school districts in California to test two common theories about the prevalence of deferred public sector compensation. I find no evidence that stronger unions bargain for more backloaded compensation on average. However, I find suggestive evidence that unions may prefer to bargain for more backloaded compensation when their members are more veteran. I find no support for the theory that administrators prefer to defer compensation when employee performance is more difficult to monitor. These results suggest that other explanations for the backloadedness of public sector compensation may hold more promise, though they also call for additional empirical investigation.
公共机构将补偿推迟到工人职业生涯后期的程度差异很大,而且往往是大量的积压补偿,即使前期补偿可能更有效。我使用双向固定效应模型和加州公立学区集体谈判协议、工资和附加福利的详细纵向数据,来检验关于延迟公共部门薪酬普遍存在的两种常见理论。我没有发现任何证据表明,实力更强的工会平均会争取更多的加班补偿。然而,我发现有暗示性的证据表明,当工会成员更资深时,工会可能更愿意讨价还价,争取更多的加班补偿。当员工表现更难监控时,管理人员更喜欢推迟薪酬,这一理论没有得到任何支持。这些结果表明,对公共部门薪酬积压的其他解释可能更有希望,尽管它们也需要额外的实证调查。
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引用次数: 0
Reporting Workplace Discrimination: An Exploratory Analysis of Bystander Behavior 报告工作场所歧视:旁观者行为的探索性分析
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x221149164
Helen H. Yu
Reporting workplace discrimination has garnered renewed attention in public administration scholarship. Missing, however, from the literature is bystander reporting, a relatively new and understudied mode of reporting. Using a sub-sample of respondents (i.e., bystanders) who witnessed others encountering workplace discrimination—specifically race- ( n = 886) and/or sex-based discrimination ( n = 1,152)—this study finds that less than one fifth (18.7% and 16.6% respectively) of all bystanders reported the alleged offense. However, this study suggests that personal characteristics such as age, race or ethnicity, and veteran status, as well as occupational variables such as supervisory status and tenure duration, significantly impacted bystander reporting after witnessing race-based discrimination. Likewise, personal characteristics such as age, as well as occupational variables such as grade level, supervisory status, and tenure duration, also significantly impacted bystander reporting after witnessing sex-based discrimination. These findings are important because a different mode of reporting may increase agency accountability for acts of workplace discrimination or retaliation.
关于工作场所歧视的报道再次引起了公共行政学术界的关注。然而,文献中缺少的是旁观者报道,这是一种相对较新且研究不足的报道模式。使用目睹他人在工作场所遭遇歧视的受访者(即旁观者)的子样本,特别是种族歧视——(n = 886)和/或基于性别的歧视(n = 1152)——这项研究发现,只有不到五分之一(分别为18.7%和16.6%)的旁观者报告了所谓的犯罪行为。然而,这项研究表明,年龄、种族或民族、退伍军人身份等个人特征,以及监督身份和任期等职业变量,在目睹基于种族的歧视后,会显著影响旁观者的报告。同样,年龄等个人特征,以及年级、监督地位和任期等职业变量,也对目睹基于性别的歧视后的旁观者报告产生了重大影响。这些发现很重要,因为不同的报告模式可能会增加机构对工作场所歧视或报复行为的责任。
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引用次数: 0
Pause But Not Panic: Exploring COVID-19 as a Critical Incident for Nonprofit Workers 暂停但不恐慌:探索COVID-19作为非营利工作者的关键事件
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1177/0734371X221149128
K. Kuenzi, Amanda J. Stewart, Marlene Walk
Critical incidents often have significant impacts on workers, sometimes causing disruptions to career pathways and a re-evaluation of past career decisions. This article seeks to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nonprofit workers and their commitment to the sector using a critical incidents lens. In-depth interviews with nonprofit workers provided insights on the pandemic’s impact on workers’ personal and professional lives and how they made sense of these. Changes to work including flexibility and work-from-home options were often viewed positively, yet workers expressed a loss of connection with their colleagues, mental health and well-being challenges, as well as challenges to adapt to new ways of working. In making sense of these changes, commitment to the sector was mostly sustained; however, respondents also noted a shift in priorities and expressed a desire for better balance between their personal and professional lives.
重大事件通常会对员工产生重大影响,有时会导致职业道路中断,并重新评估过去的职业决定。本文试图从关键事件的角度探讨COVID-19大流行对非营利组织工作人员的影响及其对该部门的承诺。对非营利组织工作人员的深入采访,让我们了解了疫情对工作人员个人和职业生活的影响,以及他们如何理解这些影响。包括灵活性和在家工作选项在内的工作变化通常被视为积极的,但工人们表示与同事失去联系,心理健康和福祉面临挑战,以及适应新的工作方式面临挑战。为了理解这些变化,对该行业的承诺大多是持续的;然而,受访者也注意到优先事项的转变,并表达了更好地平衡个人生活和职业生活的愿望。
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引用次数: 0
Job Satisfaction and the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Autonomy 工作满意度与公共部门数字化转型:工作自主性的中介作用
IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/0734371x221148403
J. Fleischer, Camilla Wanckel
Worldwide, governments have introduced novel information and communication technologies (ICTs) for policy formulation and service delivery, radically changing the working environment of government employees. Following the debate on work stress and particularly on technostress, we argue that the use of ICTs triggers “digital overload” that decreases government employees’ job satisfaction via inhibiting their job autonomy. Contrary to prior research, we consider job autonomy as a consequence rather than a determinant of digital overload, because ICT-use accelerates work routines and interruptions and eventually diminishes employees’ freedom to decide how to work. Based on novel survey data from government employees in Germany, Italy, and Norway, our structural equation modeling (SEM) confirms a significant negative effect of digital overload on job autonomy. More importantly, job autonomy partially mediates the negative relationship between digital overload and job satisfaction, pointing to the importance of studying the micro-foundations of ICT-use in the public sector.
在世界范围内,各国政府为制定政策和提供服务引入了新的信息和通信技术(ict),从根本上改变了政府雇员的工作环境。在对工作压力,特别是技术压力的讨论之后,我们认为ict的使用会引发“数字超载”,通过抑制政府雇员的工作自主性来降低他们的工作满意度。与之前的研究相反,我们认为工作自主权是数字超载的结果,而不是决定因素,因为信息通信技术的使用加速了工作常规和中断,最终减少了员工决定如何工作的自由。基于对德国、意大利和挪威政府雇员的最新调查数据,我们的结构方程模型(SEM)证实了数字超载对工作自主性的显著负面影响。更重要的是,工作自主性部分地中介了数字超载与工作满意度之间的负相关关系,这表明研究公共部门使用信息通信技术的微观基础的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
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Review of Public Personnel Administration
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