Pub Date : 2020-11-08DOI: 10.1177/1098611120972961
M. Hickman, J. Strote, Robert M. Scales, William S. Parkin, P. A. Collins
The police must on occasion use physical force and weapons in order to apprehend and control subjects and fulfil the police function. It is inevitable that some of these interactions will result in injuries to both subjects and officers, with a range of both tangible and intangible harms and costs. It is therefore important to study injuries related to the use of force with an eye toward identifying opportunities to minimize injury and reduce the harms and costs. Injuries to both subjects and officers were examined in a sample of more than 10,000 use of force incidents drawn from 81 agencies located in 8 states. In addition to describing injury rates across a broad spectrum of situational and agency characteristics, we present multilevel logistic regression models predicting subject and officer injury. Among key findings, we report that the likelihood of injury for both subjects and officers is lower when force incidents end quickly and with the minimal necessary superior level of force relative to subject resistance, and higher for both subjects and officers when subjects flee. At the agency level, we find that the likelihood of injury varies by agency size and type. Finally, we explored possible higher-level variation and found that agencies in the sample from Midwestern states (primarily Wisconsin) have substantially lower injury rates that appear to be associated with their less frequent use of weapons and greater reliance on low-level physical force tactics, as compared to agencies in the sample from Western and other states.
{"title":"Police Use of Force and Injury: Multilevel Predictors of Physical Harm to Subjects and Officers","authors":"M. Hickman, J. Strote, Robert M. Scales, William S. Parkin, P. A. Collins","doi":"10.1177/1098611120972961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120972961","url":null,"abstract":"The police must on occasion use physical force and weapons in order to apprehend and control subjects and fulfil the police function. It is inevitable that some of these interactions will result in injuries to both subjects and officers, with a range of both tangible and intangible harms and costs. It is therefore important to study injuries related to the use of force with an eye toward identifying opportunities to minimize injury and reduce the harms and costs. Injuries to both subjects and officers were examined in a sample of more than 10,000 use of force incidents drawn from 81 agencies located in 8 states. In addition to describing injury rates across a broad spectrum of situational and agency characteristics, we present multilevel logistic regression models predicting subject and officer injury. Among key findings, we report that the likelihood of injury for both subjects and officers is lower when force incidents end quickly and with the minimal necessary superior level of force relative to subject resistance, and higher for both subjects and officers when subjects flee. At the agency level, we find that the likelihood of injury varies by agency size and type. Finally, we explored possible higher-level variation and found that agencies in the sample from Midwestern states (primarily Wisconsin) have substantially lower injury rates that appear to be associated with their less frequent use of weapons and greater reliance on low-level physical force tactics, as compared to agencies in the sample from Western and other states.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611120972961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41419169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-11DOI: 10.1177/1098611120964954
Richard C. Helfers, Paul D. Reynolds, D. M. Scott
There has been speculation by researchers regarding the potential fears, concerns, and difficulties experienced by children of police officers, such as fears about their parent being injured or killed while on duty, ridicule and bullying, or being personally assaulted. More disheartening are the increased potential stressors facing police officers’ children due to increased community hostility across the country over the last few years, particularly among the African American community, stemming from a series of police involved shootings of unarmed African American males. Yet, there remains scant research that has examined the lived experiences of police officers’ children. To address this gap in the policing literature, this study used semi-structured interviews of police officers children in a southern state using a phenomenological methodology to explore the lived experiences of being a child of a police officer. Findings and policy recommendations are discussed.
{"title":"Being a Blue Blood: A Phenomenological Study on the Lived Experiences of Police Officers’ Children","authors":"Richard C. Helfers, Paul D. Reynolds, D. M. Scott","doi":"10.1177/1098611120964954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120964954","url":null,"abstract":"There has been speculation by researchers regarding the potential fears, concerns, and difficulties experienced by children of police officers, such as fears about their parent being injured or killed while on duty, ridicule and bullying, or being personally assaulted. More disheartening are the increased potential stressors facing police officers’ children due to increased community hostility across the country over the last few years, particularly among the African American community, stemming from a series of police involved shootings of unarmed African American males. Yet, there remains scant research that has examined the lived experiences of police officers’ children. To address this gap in the policing literature, this study used semi-structured interviews of police officers children in a southern state using a phenomenological methodology to explore the lived experiences of being a child of a police officer. Findings and policy recommendations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611120964954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41305337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-09DOI: 10.1177/10986111211046991
Brenden Beck, Joseph Antonelli, Gabriela Piñeros
Between 2015 and 2018, New York City adopted “neighborhood policing,” an expansive policy to encourage interactions between police officers and community members. Among other changes, the initiative established hundreds of new “neighborhood-coordination” officers and gave “steady-sector” officers time away from 911 response to dedicate to resident interactions. This study evaluates the initiative’s effects on crime, complaints of police misconduct, racial disparities, and arrests. Using monthly data on New York City’s 76 police precincts between 2006 and 2019, we estimate the policy’s causal effect using high-dimensional time series models. This approach accounts for the policy’s staggered adoption, addresses potential correlation among outcomes and between precincts, and controls for unobserved precinct characteristics. We find neighborhood policing reduced misdemeanor and proactive arrests, especially in higher-poverty precincts outside of Manhattan, though it did not change the racial disparities of such arrests. The policy did not affect crime. It briefly increased complaints against police.
{"title":"Effects of New York City’s Neighborhood Policing Policy","authors":"Brenden Beck, Joseph Antonelli, Gabriela Piñeros","doi":"10.1177/10986111211046991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111211046991","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2015 and 2018, New York City adopted “neighborhood policing,” an expansive policy to encourage interactions between police officers and community members. Among other changes, the initiative established hundreds of new “neighborhood-coordination” officers and gave “steady-sector” officers time away from 911 response to dedicate to resident interactions. This study evaluates the initiative’s effects on crime, complaints of police misconduct, racial disparities, and arrests. Using monthly data on New York City’s 76 police precincts between 2006 and 2019, we estimate the policy’s causal effect using high-dimensional time series models. This approach accounts for the policy’s staggered adoption, addresses potential correlation among outcomes and between precincts, and controls for unobserved precinct characteristics. We find neighborhood policing reduced misdemeanor and proactive arrests, especially in higher-poverty precincts outside of Manhattan, though it did not change the racial disparities of such arrests. The policy did not affect crime. It briefly increased complaints against police.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.1177/1098611120960688
Paul L. Taylor
The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of engineering resilience into the split-second decision environment police officers face during potential deadly force encounters. Using a randomized controlled experiment that incorporated a police firearms training simulator and 313 active law enforcement officers, this study examined the effects of muzzle-position – where an officer points their weapon – on both officer response time to legitimate threats and the likelihood for misdiagnosis shooting errors when no threat was present. The results demonstrate that officers can significantly improve shoot/no-shoot decision-making without sacrificing a significant amount of time by taking a lower muzzle-position when they are dealing with an ambiguously armed person – a person whose hands are not visible.
{"title":"“Engineering Resilience” Into Split-Second Shoot/No Shoot Decisions: The Effect of Muzzle-Position","authors":"Paul L. Taylor","doi":"10.1177/1098611120960688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120960688","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of engineering resilience into the split-second decision environment police officers face during potential deadly force encounters. Using a randomized controlled experiment that incorporated a police firearms training simulator and 313 active law enforcement officers, this study examined the effects of muzzle-position – where an officer points their weapon – on both officer response time to legitimate threats and the likelihood for misdiagnosis shooting errors when no threat was present. The results demonstrate that officers can significantly improve shoot/no-shoot decision-making without sacrificing a significant amount of time by taking a lower muzzle-position when they are dealing with an ambiguously armed person – a person whose hands are not visible.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611120960688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45323962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-22DOI: 10.1177/1098611120960714
Lonnie Schaible, Lauren Gant, Stephanie L. Ames
Diversion is a prevalent alternative to traditional criminal justice processing, especially at the pre-trial stage. More recently, pre-arrest diversion has been implemented to avert the consequences of arrest, pre-trial proceedings, and future incarceration. Pre-booking diversion programs rely on the willingness of officers to use their discretionary authority to divert low-level offenders to community-based treatment programs in lieu of arrest, raising considerations about how law enforcement view offenders. Using data collected from a survey distributed during a Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) training session for officers in one jurisdiction in the Rocky Mountain West (N = 118), the current study examines the impact of officer attitudes toward offenders on their decision to divert individuals. Findings indicate that officers who hold an optimistic view toward offender rehabilitation are more likely to divert offenders. Results and their significance for practical implementation of law enforcement pre-arrest diversion efforts are discussed.
{"title":"The Impact of Police Attitudes Towards Offenders on Law-Enforcement Assisted Diversion Decisions","authors":"Lonnie Schaible, Lauren Gant, Stephanie L. Ames","doi":"10.1177/1098611120960714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120960714","url":null,"abstract":"Diversion is a prevalent alternative to traditional criminal justice processing, especially at the pre-trial stage. More recently, pre-arrest diversion has been implemented to avert the consequences of arrest, pre-trial proceedings, and future incarceration. Pre-booking diversion programs rely on the willingness of officers to use their discretionary authority to divert low-level offenders to community-based treatment programs in lieu of arrest, raising considerations about how law enforcement view offenders. Using data collected from a survey distributed during a Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) training session for officers in one jurisdiction in the Rocky Mountain West (N = 118), the current study examines the impact of officer attitudes toward offenders on their decision to divert individuals. Findings indicate that officers who hold an optimistic view toward offender rehabilitation are more likely to divert offenders. Results and their significance for practical implementation of law enforcement pre-arrest diversion efforts are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611120960714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47527074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1177/1098611120957767
K. Hine, J. Payne, A. Piquero
Police use of force is one of the most critical issues in policing with research consistently finding that the best predictor of force is suspect resistance. Yet, resistance itself is relatively rarely researched. This study drew from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australian (DUMA) program – Australia’s longest running cross-sectional survey of offenders. Data was analyzed using multivariate and multi-level logistic regression to identify factors that predict suspect resistance in terms of whether the suspect was charged with resisting arrest or not. Results showed that while suspect resistance was relatively rare, it was more common under specific situations. Factors relating to offender demographics, crime, temporal/situational, and policing district all contributed to whether suspects were charged with resisting arrest. Moreover, the results showed that the policing region was the strongest predictor of whether a detainee was charged with suspect resistance. These findings highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of police-citizen encounters.
{"title":"When Suspects Resist Arrest: Prevalence, Correlates, and Implications for Front-Line Policing","authors":"K. Hine, J. Payne, A. Piquero","doi":"10.1177/1098611120957767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120957767","url":null,"abstract":"Police use of force is one of the most critical issues in policing with research consistently finding that the best predictor of force is suspect resistance. Yet, resistance itself is relatively rarely researched. This study drew from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australian (DUMA) program – Australia’s longest running cross-sectional survey of offenders. Data was analyzed using multivariate and multi-level logistic regression to identify factors that predict suspect resistance in terms of whether the suspect was charged with resisting arrest or not. Results showed that while suspect resistance was relatively rare, it was more common under specific situations. Factors relating to offender demographics, crime, temporal/situational, and policing district all contributed to whether suspects were charged with resisting arrest. Moreover, the results showed that the policing region was the strongest predictor of whether a detainee was charged with suspect resistance. These findings highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of police-citizen encounters.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611120957767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42114692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1177/1098611119896653
Paul L. Taylor
Police shootings have become one of the most “visible and controversial” aspects of the criminal justice system . Yet, very little empirical effort has been devoted to understanding the underlying systemic vulnerabilities that likely contribute to these tragic outcomes. Using a randomized controlled experiment that incorporated a police firearms simulator and 306 active law enforcement officers, this study examined the effects of dispatch priming on an officer’s decision to use deadly force. The findings suggest that officers rely heavily on dispatched information in making the decision to pull the trigger when confronted with an ambiguously armed subject in a simulated environment. When the dispatched information was erroneous, it contributed to a significant increase in shooting errors. The results contribute to a broader understanding of officer decision-making within the context of police shootings and introduce the theoretical concepts of cognitive heuristics and human error to the research on police use of deadly force.
{"title":"Dispatch Priming and the Police Decision to Use Deadly Force","authors":"Paul L. Taylor","doi":"10.1177/1098611119896653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611119896653","url":null,"abstract":"Police shootings have become one of the most “visible and controversial” aspects of the criminal justice system . Yet, very little empirical effort has been devoted to understanding the underlying systemic vulnerabilities that likely contribute to these tragic outcomes. Using a randomized controlled experiment that incorporated a police firearms simulator and 306 active law enforcement officers, this study examined the effects of dispatch priming on an officer’s decision to use deadly force. The findings suggest that officers rely heavily on dispatched information in making the decision to pull the trigger when confronted with an ambiguously armed subject in a simulated environment. When the dispatched information was erroneous, it contributed to a significant increase in shooting errors. The results contribute to a broader understanding of officer decision-making within the context of police shootings and introduce the theoretical concepts of cognitive heuristics and human error to the research on police use of deadly force.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611119896653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45503545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-04DOI: 10.1177/1098611120944387
M. H. Martaindale
Law enforcement officers are sometimes required to make split-second use of force decisions. One factor that can impact their decision-making process is the presence of a weapon. This experiment sought to improve the speed and accuracy of weapon identification in a dynamic use of force scenario through the principles of deliberate practice. This research utilized randomized control trial with random assignment to either a control or test condition. Eighty-seven participants completed the pretest, intervention, and posttest. Participants’ vision was recorded via a mobile vision-tracker. With only 20 minutes of training, the test group made 1/3 the amount of decision errors as the control group (Cohen’s d = 0.95). The test group was about 16% faster than the control group at visually finding the object in the suspect’s hand and determining if it was a gun or not (Cohen’s d = 0.91).
执法人员有时需要在瞬间做出使用武力的决定。影响他们决策过程的一个因素是武器的存在。本实验旨在通过刻意练习的原则，提高动态使用武力情景下武器识别的速度和准确性。本研究采用随机对照试验，随机分配到对照或试验条件。87名参与者完成了前测、干预和后测。参与者的视力通过移动视觉追踪器记录下来。在20分钟的训练中，实验组的决策错误率是对照组的1/3 (Cohen’s d = 0.95)。试验组在视觉上找到嫌疑犯手中的物体并确定它是否是枪方面比对照组快16% (Cohen’s d = 0.91)。
{"title":"Improving the Accuracy of Firearm Identification in a Dynamic Use of Force Scenario","authors":"M. H. Martaindale","doi":"10.1177/1098611120944387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120944387","url":null,"abstract":"Law enforcement officers are sometimes required to make split-second use of force decisions. One factor that can impact their decision-making process is the presence of a weapon. This experiment sought to improve the speed and accuracy of weapon identification in a dynamic use of force scenario through the principles of deliberate practice. This research utilized randomized control trial with random assignment to either a control or test condition. Eighty-seven participants completed the pretest, intervention, and posttest. Participants’ vision was recorded via a mobile vision-tracker. With only 20 minutes of training, the test group made 1/3 the amount of decision errors as the control group (Cohen’s d = 0.95). The test group was about 16% faster than the control group at visually finding the object in the suspect’s hand and determining if it was a gun or not (Cohen’s d = 0.91).","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611120944387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-27DOI: 10.1177/1098611120937304
Lisa Stolzenberg, Stewart J. D'alessio, Jamie L. Flexon
A unique dataset is analyzed to investigate the effect of a criminal suspect’s prior criminal record on the probability of arrest. Multivariate logistic regression results show that a criminal suspect with a prior criminal record is approximately 29 times more likely than a suspect without a criminal record to be arrested by police. While findings also reveal that Black suspects and Black suspects with a prior criminal record do not have an enhanced proclivity of arrest, Black suspects with a prior criminal record who target White victims are almost three times more apt to be arrested. When juxtaposed with the finding in the baseline model of a substantive relationship between a suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest absent the control for prior criminal record, our results suggest that any correlation evinced between a criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest without controlling for the suspect’s prior criminal history may be spurious due to omitted variable bias.
{"title":"The Usual Suspects: Prior Criminal Record and the Probability of Arrest","authors":"Lisa Stolzenberg, Stewart J. D'alessio, Jamie L. Flexon","doi":"10.1177/1098611120937304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120937304","url":null,"abstract":"A unique dataset is analyzed to investigate the effect of a criminal suspect’s prior criminal record on the probability of arrest. Multivariate logistic regression results show that a criminal suspect with a prior criminal record is approximately 29 times more likely than a suspect without a criminal record to be arrested by police. While findings also reveal that Black suspects and Black suspects with a prior criminal record do not have an enhanced proclivity of arrest, Black suspects with a prior criminal record who target White victims are almost three times more apt to be arrested. When juxtaposed with the finding in the baseline model of a substantive relationship between a suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest absent the control for prior criminal record, our results suggest that any correlation evinced between a criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest without controlling for the suspect’s prior criminal history may be spurious due to omitted variable bias.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611120937304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44100886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.1177/1098611120933644
Joshua Chanin, M. Welsh
Police departments rely on administrative rules to set organizational priorities and establish systems of accountability. To that end, several departments require officers to submit data describing every traffic stop they conduct as a way of tracking officer activity and identifying any race-based disparities. This paper draws on an analysis of San Diego Police Department traffic stop records, as well as officer survey and interview data, to examine the validity of the traffic stop data gathered and the compliance-related motivations of officers. Findings indicate a 19 percent error rate in stop data submitted between 2014 and 2015, amidst evidence of substantial underreporting. Qualitative data suggest that officers see the policy as redundant and an infringement on more pressing aspects of their job. They doubt the ability of external stakeholders to interpret the data objectively and report a loss of morale, largely attributed to the perception that their actions are inaccurately racialized.
{"title":"Examining the Validity of Traffic Stop Data: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Police Officer Compliance","authors":"Joshua Chanin, M. Welsh","doi":"10.1177/1098611120933644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120933644","url":null,"abstract":"Police departments rely on administrative rules to set organizational priorities and establish systems of accountability. To that end, several departments require officers to submit data describing every traffic stop they conduct as a way of tracking officer activity and identifying any race-based disparities. This paper draws on an analysis of San Diego Police Department traffic stop records, as well as officer survey and interview data, to examine the validity of the traffic stop data gathered and the compliance-related motivations of officers. Findings indicate a 19 percent error rate in stop data submitted between 2014 and 2015, amidst evidence of substantial underreporting. Qualitative data suggest that officers see the policy as redundant and an infringement on more pressing aspects of their job. They doubt the ability of external stakeholders to interpret the data objectively and report a loss of morale, largely attributed to the perception that their actions are inaccurately racialized.","PeriodicalId":47610,"journal":{"name":"Police Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1098611120933644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48686052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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