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Speaking out against everyday sexism: Gender and epistemics in accusations of “mansplaining” 直言反对日常的性别歧视:指责“男人说教”中的性别和认识论
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-02 DOI: 10.1177/0959353520979499
Jack B. Joyce, Bogdana Humă, Hanna-leena Ristimäki, Fabio Ferraz de Almeida, A. Doehring
In everyday interaction, subtle manifestations of sexism often pass unacknowledged and become internalised and thus perceived as “natural” conduct. The introduction of new vocabularies for referring to previously unnamed sexist conduct would presumably enable individuals to start problematising hitherto unchallengeable sexism. In this paper, we investigate whether and how these vocabularies empower people to speak out against sexism. We focus on the use of the term “mansplaining” which, although coined over 10 years ago, remains controversial and contested. Using Conversation Analysis and Membership Categorisation Analysis, this paper excavates the interactional methods individuals use to formulate, in vivo, some prior spate of talk as mansplaining. In doing so, speakers necessarily reformulate a co-participant’s social action to highlight its sexist nature. Accusations of mansplaining are accomplished by invoking gender (and other) categories and their associated rights to knowledge. In reconstructing another’s conduct as mansplaining, speakers display their understanding of what mansplaining is (and could be) for the purpose at hand. Thus, the paper contributes to the well-established body of interactional research on manifestations of sexism by documenting how the normativity of epistemic rights is mobilised as a resource for bringing off accusations of mansplaining.
在日常交往中,性别歧视的微妙表现往往不被承认,而被内化,从而被视为“自然”行为。引入新的词汇来指代以前未命名的性别歧视行为,可能会使个人开始将迄今为止不容置疑的性别歧视问题化。在本文中,我们研究了这些词汇是否以及如何使人们能够公开反对性别歧视。我们关注的是“男人说教”一词的使用,尽管这个词是在10多年前创造出来的,但仍然存在争议和争议。利用会话分析和隶属分类分析,本文挖掘了个体在体内使用的相互作用方法,以形成一些先前的谈话,作为男性说教。在这样做时,演讲者必须重新制定共同参与者的社会行动,以突出其性别歧视性质。对男式说教的指责是通过援引性别(和其他)类别及其相关的知识权利来完成的。在将他人的行为重构为“男人说教”的过程中,说话者展示了他们对“男人说教”是什么(以及可能是什么)的理解。因此,本文通过记录认知权利的规范性如何被动员为引发对男性说教的指责的资源,为性别歧视表现形式的成熟的相互作用研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 17
Staying strong: Exploring experiences of managing emotional distress for African Caribbean women living in the UK 保持坚强:探索生活在英国的非裔加勒比妇女管理情绪困扰的经验
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0959353520964672
R. Graham, Victoria Clarke
The “strong Black woman” (SBW) is a Western cultural stereotype that depicts African-heritage women as strong, self-reliant, independent, yet nurturing and self-sacrificing. US research indicates that this stereotype negatively impacts the emotional wellbeing of African-heritage women, while also allowing them to survive in a racist society. UK research has documented the significance of this stereotype in relation to African Caribbean women’s experience of depression around the time of childbirth and “attachment separation and loss”. However, research is yet to explore how UK African Caribbean women make sense of and negotiate the SBW stereotype in relation to their emotional wellbeing more broadly. Using five focus groups, with a total of 18 women, this research explored how these women experienced and managed emotional distress in relation to the SBW stereotype. The importance of “being strong” consistently underpinned the participants’ narratives. However, this requirement for strength often negatively impacted their ability to cope effectively with their distress, leading them to manage it in ways that did little to alleviate it and sometimes increased it. This study offers important implications for understanding the experiences of emotional distress for UK African Caribbean women.
“坚强的黑人女性”(SBW)是一种西方文化的刻板印象,它把非洲裔女性描绘成坚强、自立、独立、养育和自我牺牲的女性。美国的研究表明,这种刻板印象对非洲裔女性的情感健康产生了负面影响,同时也让她们在种族主义社会中生存下来。英国的研究记录了这种刻板印象的重要性,它与非洲加勒比妇女在分娩前后的抑郁经历和“依恋分离和丧失”有关。然而,研究还没有探索英国非裔加勒比妇女如何理解和协商与她们的情感健康有关的SBW刻板印象。本研究使用五个焦点小组,共有18名女性,探讨了这些女性如何经历和管理与SBW刻板印象相关的情绪困扰。“坚强”的重要性一直支撑着参与者的叙述。然而,这种对力量的需求往往会对他们有效应对痛苦的能力产生负面影响,导致他们以一种无助于减轻痛苦的方式来管理它,有时甚至会增加痛苦。这项研究为理解英国非裔加勒比妇女的情绪困扰经验提供了重要的启示。
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引用次数: 6
Rebecca J. Lester, Famished: Eating disorders and failed care in America 丽贝卡·j·莱斯特,《饥饿:美国饮食失调和失败的护理》
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0959353521989535
Maree Burns
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引用次数: 0
Editorial introduction: The politics of psychological suffering 社论导言:心理痛苦的政治
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0959353521989537
J. Marecek, Michelle N Lafrance
This special issue, “The politics of psychological suffering,” draws attention to the contested bases of knowledge in the “psy” professions (psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and related disciplines) (Foucault, 1977; Rose, 1999). We aim to explore the political contexts and production of people’s psychological distress. We take “psychological suffering” as the starting point for analysis, as a means of dislodging prefigured notions of individualized “mental illness” or “psychopathology.” This, we hope, serves as a feminist counterpoint to mainstream understandings of psychological suffering as biomedical illness. Exploring a range of experiences (from women’s sexuality to eating difficulties to responses to traumatic events), the articles in this issue disrupt and re-envision the taken-for-granted ways in which the psy professions typically frame and engage with people’s pain. Psy discourses are baked into the vocabulary that people in many parts of the world have come to rely on to make sense of their everyday experiences and make themselves known to others. That is, they use the language and concepts made available by the psy disciplines to think themselves into being (Rose, 1998).
本期特刊《心理痛苦的政治》(The politics of psychological suffering)引起了人们对“精神病学”专业(精神病学、心理学、心理治疗和相关学科)中存在争议的知识基础的关注(Foucault, 1977;玫瑰,1999)。我们的目的是探索人们心理困扰的政治背景和产生。我们把“心理痛苦”作为分析的起点,作为一种手段,来消除个体化的“精神疾病”或“精神病理学”的预先概念。这,我们希望,作为一个女权主义者对应物的主流理解心理痛苦作为生物医学疾病。这期的文章探索了一系列的经历(从女性的性行为到饮食困难,再到对创伤性事件的反应),颠覆并重新设想了精神科专业人士通常构建和处理人们痛苦的理所当然的方式。Psy的话语已经融入了世界上许多地方的人们用来理解日常经历和让别人认识自己的词汇中。也就是说,他们使用心理学科提供的语言和概念来思考自己的存在(Rose, 1998)。
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引用次数: 4
Difference or dysfunction?: Deconstructing desire in the DSM-5 diagnosis of Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder 差异还是功能障碍?解构女性性兴趣/觉醒障碍的DSM-5诊断中的欲望
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0959353521989536
Emily J Thomas, M. Gurevich
This article answers ongoing calls within critical sexuality scholarship to explore how constructions of women’s bodies influence and are influenced by broader sociocultural contexts. Specifically, this article offers a conceptual analysis of female sexual desire, highlighting the deeply political nature of its pathologization. We briefly explore dominant definitions and models of sexual desire to highlight the erasure of embodied desire as an important part of healthy female sexuality. The DSM-5 diagnosis of Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder is critically analyzed to highlight how desire differences are framed as gendered, individual problems which sidelines relational, contextual, and sociopolitical factors contributing to individual distress. When the language of desire is displaced by the language of interest (particularly when framed as receptivity), the capacity to theorize wanting and entitlement is undermined. We argue that the pathologization of diverse desires obscures possibilities for embodied wanting and neglects the consideration that all types of desire (absent, frequent, physical, emotional) may represent normal sexual variations.
这篇文章回应了批判性学术的持续呼吁,探讨女性身体的结构如何影响和受到更广泛的社会文化背景的影响。具体而言,本文对女性性欲进行了概念性分析,突出了其病态化的深刻政治本质。我们简要地探讨了性欲的主要定义和模型,以强调体现欲望的消除是健康女性性行为的重要组成部分。DSM-5对女性性兴趣/觉醒障碍的诊断进行了批判性的分析,以强调欲望差异是如何被框定为性别、个体问题的,它忽略了导致个体痛苦的关系、背景和社会政治因素。当欲望的语言被兴趣的语言取代时(尤其是当被框定为接受性时),将欲望和权利理论化的能力就会被削弱。我们认为,各种欲望的病态化模糊了具体化欲望的可能性,并忽略了所有类型的欲望(缺失的、频繁的、身体的、情感的)都可能代表正常的性变化。
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引用次数: 9
Toward a feminist psychological theory of “institutional trauma” “制度创伤”的女性主义心理学理论探讨
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0959353520968374
Lucy Thompson
Public discussions about trauma are circulating exponentially in the wake of global movements against structural violence, and efforts to mainstream “trauma-informed” approaches in mental health, human services, and organizational contexts. Within these discussions, the term “institutional trauma” is increasingly being deployed to make sense of structural violence and its impacts. However, such discussions typically reproduce highly individualistic understandings of trauma. Recent feminist advances in trauma theory articulate trauma as a distinctly socio-political form of distress, and critical feminist psychological work argues that gender and other institutions play a substantial role in defining and mediating experiences of trauma. However, the role of institutions in the (re)production of trauma remains under-theorized in the psychological literature. This paper applies feminist, critical mental health, and decolonial perspectives to identify the limitations of mainstream psychological perspectives on trauma and proposes a critical psychological theory of “institutional trauma”. I apply this critical analytic to argue that dominant biomedical and neoliberal frameworks fail to adequately account for the socio-political dimensions of trauma. I then consider institutional theory as a useful feminist psychological analytic through which to expand trauma theory and subvert pathologizing accounts of trauma as disordered and maladaptive.
随着反对结构性暴力的全球运动,以及在精神卫生、人类服务和组织环境中将"了解创伤"方法纳入主流的努力,公众对创伤的讨论呈指数级增长。在这些讨论中,“制度性创伤”一词越来越多地被用来解释结构性暴力及其影响。然而,这样的讨论典型地再现了对创伤的高度个人主义的理解。最近女性主义在创伤理论方面的进展明确地将创伤作为一种独特的社会政治形式的痛苦,批判的女性主义心理学工作认为,性别和其他制度在定义和调解创伤经历方面发挥了重要作用。然而,在心理文献中,制度在创伤(再)生产中的作用仍然没有理论化。本文运用女性主义、批判心理健康和非殖民化的观点来识别主流心理创伤观点的局限性,并提出了“制度创伤”的批判心理学理论。我运用这种批判性分析来论证,占主导地位的生物医学和新自由主义框架未能充分解释创伤的社会政治层面。然后,我认为制度理论是一种有用的女权主义心理分析,通过它来扩展创伤理论,并颠覆将创伤作为无序和适应不良的病态化描述。
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引用次数: 12
Suman Fernando, Institutional racism in psychiatry and clinical psychology: Race matters in mental health 精神病学和临床心理学中的制度性种族主义:种族在心理健康中的影响
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0959353521991726
J. Marecek
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引用次数: 3
Regulating “untrustworthy patients”: Constructions of “trust” and “distrust” in accounts of inpatient treatment for anorexia 规范“失信病人”:厌食症住院治疗记录中“信任”与“不信任”的建构
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0959353520967516
S. Holmes, H. Malson, J. Semlyen
Trust has been seen as a lynchpin of therapeutic relationships. Yet due to perceptions that anorexia is one of the most difficult illnesses to treat and that patients are “treatment resistant”, achieving trust between patient and treatment provider may be challenging. This article draws on qualitative data from 14 semi-structured interviews with women who have experience of inpatient treatment for anorexia in order to analyse how trust and distrust figured in treatment contexts. In so doing, the article draws upon feminist approaches which are critical of conceptions of the “devious” “anorexic” and of the clinical discourses within which these constructions are produced. Our analysis suggests a lack of trust shown toward patients in inpatient contexts – particularly a disqualification of “voice” – which has a number of consequences for participants’ subjectivities, including the erosion of self-esteem; demotivation; dropping out/termination of treatment; and triggering experiences of trauma. As such, our analysis raises serious questions about what participants described as routine treatment practices in inpatient treatment for anorexia, and about the serious consequences of constructing “anorexics” as manipulative and untrustworthy.
信任一直被视为治疗关系的关键。然而,由于人们认为厌食症是最难治疗的疾病之一,而且患者“抗拒治疗”,因此在患者和治疗提供者之间实现信任可能具有挑战性。本文从14位有厌食症住院治疗经历的妇女的半结构化访谈中获得定性数据,以分析信任和不信任如何在治疗环境中出现。在这样做的过程中,文章借鉴了女权主义的方法,这些方法批判了“狡猾的”“厌食症”的概念,以及产生这些结构的临床话语。我们的分析表明,在住院病人的环境中,对病人缺乏信任——特别是“声音”的丧失——这对参与者的主观性有许多后果,包括自尊的侵蚀;消极怠工;退出/终止治疗;并引发创伤经历。因此,我们的分析提出了严重的问题,即参与者所描述的厌食症住院治疗中的常规治疗做法,以及将“厌食症”构建为操纵性和不可信的严重后果。
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引用次数: 14
A history of lesbian politics and the psy professions. 女同性恋政治和精神科职业的历史。
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/0959353520969297
Helen Spandler, Sarah Carr

This article explores the relationship between lesbian activists and the "psy professions" (especially psychology and psychiatry) in England from the 1960s to the 1980s. We draw on UK-based LGBTQIA+ archive sources and specifically magazines produced by, and for, lesbians. We use this material to identify three key strategies used within the lesbian movement to contest psycho-pathologisation during this 30-year period: from respectable collaborationist forms of activism during the 1960s; to more liberationist oppositional politics during the early 1970s; to radical feminist separatist activism in the 1980s. Whilst these strategies broadly map onto activist strategies deployed within the wider lesbian and gay movement during this time, this article explores how these politics manifested in particular ways, specifically in relation to the psy disciplines in the UK. We describe these strategies, illustrating them with examples of activism from the archives. We then use this history to problematise a linear, overly reductionist or binary history of liberation from psycho-pathologisation. Finally, we explore some complexities in the relationship between sexuality, activism and the psy professions.

这篇文章探讨了从20世纪60年代到80年代英国的女同性恋活动家和“精神病学专业”(尤其是心理学和精神病学)之间的关系。我们借鉴了英国的LGBTQIA+档案资源,特别是由女同性恋者制作和为女同性恋者制作的杂志。我们利用这些材料来确定在这30年里,女同性恋运动中使用的三种关键策略来对抗心理病态化:从20世纪60年代受人尊敬的合作主义形式的行动主义;到70年代早期更多的自由主义反对派政治;到20世纪80年代的激进女权主义分离主义运动。虽然这些策略广泛地映射到这段时间内更广泛的女同性恋和男同性恋运动中部署的活动家策略,但本文探讨了这些政治如何以特定的方式表现出来,特别是与英国的心理学科有关。我们描述了这些策略,并用档案中的行动主义例子来说明它们。然后,我们用这段历史来质疑线性的、过度简化的或从心理病理中解放出来的二元历史。最后,我们探讨了性、行动主义和精神科职业之间关系的复杂性。
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引用次数: 6
He kākano ahau – identity, Indigeneity and wellbeing for young Māori (Indigenous) men in Aotearoa/New Zealand 他kākano ahau -身份,土著和福祉的年轻Māori(土著)男子在奥特罗亚/新西兰
IF 5.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/0959353520973568
L. Hamley, J. L. Grice
This article examines how dominant Eurocentric approaches to mental health are unable to address the diverse needs of young Māori men in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Drawing on current health inequities facing Māori and young Māori men in particular, this commentary explores how colonisation has impacted young Māori men in negative ways. Through shaping current health structures in Aotearoa/New Zealand, dominant Eurocentric approaches foreground individualised conceptualisations of Māori ill-health, and then apply predominantly Western therapies to resolve this. These approaches are ill-equipped to address the intergenerational and structural issues which are at the root of mental health disparities for young Māori men. This article adds to a growing body of Indigenous psychology literature that speaks to the inadequacies within (mental) health systems for addressing the ongoing challenges that Māori experience due to colonisation. It further highlights how the intersections among ethnicity/race, class, age and masculinity for Māori men are shaped by colonial discourses. These inadequacies reflect a broader issue of the constraints placed on Māori self-determination by the colonial systems of power in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The article closes by proposing some alternative approaches to supporting Māori wellbeing that centre the needs and aspirations of Māori.
本文探讨了以欧洲为中心的主要心理健康方法如何无法解决新西兰奥特罗阿Māori年轻男性的各种需求。根据目前Māori和年轻Māori男性面临的卫生不平等现象,本评论探讨了殖民化如何以消极方式影响年轻Māori男性。通过塑造奥特罗阿/新西兰当前的健康结构,以欧洲为中心的主流方法突出了Māori不健康的个体化概念,然后主要应用西方疗法来解决这个问题。这些方法不足以解决代际和结构性问题,而这些问题正是年轻Māori男子心理健康差异的根源。这篇文章加入了越来越多的土著心理学文献,这些文献讲述了(精神)卫生系统在解决Māori因殖民而面临的持续挑战方面的不足。它进一步强调了种族/种族、阶级、年龄和男子气概之间的交集是如何被殖民话语塑造的。这些不足之处反映了一个更广泛的问题,即奥特阿瓦/新西兰的殖民权力制度对Māori自决的限制。文章最后提出了一些支持Māori福祉的替代方法,这些方法以Māori的需求和愿望为中心。
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引用次数: 5
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Feminism & Psychology
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