Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management最新文献

A total of more than 3400 public shootings have occurred in the United States between 2016 and 2022. Among these, 25.1% of them took place in an educational institution, 29.4% at the workplace, including office buildings, 19.6% in retail store locations, and 13.4% in restaurants and bars. During these critical scenarios, making the right decisions while evacuating can make the difference between life and death. However, emergency evacuation is intensely stressful, which, along with the lack of verifiable real-time information, may lead to fatal incorrect decisions. To tackle this problem, we developed a multi-route routing optimization algorithm that determines multiple optimal safe routes for each evacuee while accounting for available capacity along the route, thus reducing the threat of crowding and bottlenecking. Overall, our algorithm reduces the total casualties by 34.16% and 53.3%, compared to our previous routing algorithm without capacity constraints and an expert-advised routing strategy, respectively. Further, our approach to reduce crowding resulted in an approximate 50% reduction in occupancy in key bottlenecking nodes compared to both of the other evacuation algorithms.

Maintaining the robustness of emergency response networks (ERNs) between diverse stakeholders is critical to ensure effective emergency response during urban floods. However, most of the previous studies on ERNs have mainly concentrated on either the robustness evaluation of ideal ERNs in emergency plans prior to disasters or the modelling of actual ERNs during disasters. Less attention has been paid to improving robustness of actual ERNs during disasters. To overcome the robustness reduction of actual ERNs caused by the malfunction of stakeholders during urban floods, an enforced emergency collaboration strategy is proposed and validated in case study of ERNs during the 7·20 flood in Zhengzhou, Henan province of China. The robustness of the ERNs with different application time of the proposed strategy is investigated to verify the proposed strategy. Moreover, taking the ideal ERN in the urban flood emergency plan of Zhengzhou, Henan province of China as the blueprint, the proposed strategy is further validated by stochastic evolutionary simulation. The results show that the proposed strategy can effectively enhance robustness of ERNs. This study is helpful for achieving more effective and efficient emergency responses during urban floods.

Existing studies have given limited attention to organisational capabilities that collectively enhance business resilience through adaptive capability. Furthermore, past research has predominantly focused on large firms, resulting in a lack of understanding of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets, such as Malaysia. This study examines the influence of information technology (IT) capability, supply chain collaboration and adaptive capability on business resilience, with adaptive capability serving as a mediating factor. Data were collected from 210 SME owners and managers in the hospitality and tourism sectors and analysed using SmartPLS 4. Findings reveal that IT capability significantly enhances both adaptive capability and overall business resilience in tourism SMEs. However, supply chain collaboration does not directly impact business resilience. It is possibly due to SMEs' reluctance to share sensitive data or contingency plans, driven by competitive concerns, which hinders coordinated responses during disruptions. Additionally, the mediating role of adaptive capability serves as a crucial mechanism linking IT capabilities to business resilience. Although IT capability improves access to information and operational efficiency, adaptive capability enables firms to leverage these strengths to respond effectively to change. This study enhances understanding of resilience among tourism SMEs by presenting practical implications that help businesses strengthen their preparedness for future uncertainties. The results also point to important directions for future research, forming a basis for developing strategies that support the resilience and sustainable growth of small enterprises.

In the information age, value co-creation, as an important mode of public participation, has been paid more and more attention. Especially in crisis situations, the huge potential of social media has been more effectively utilized with the support of public participation. This study employed the systematic review method. Through literature search, multiple-step screening and double-person consistency verification, 46 qualified studies were ultimately included. This study analyzed the influencing factors of public participation in government value co-creation based on social media in crisis situations. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the factors, including effect type, crisis stage, effect direction, factor source, this study discusses the theoretical significance of characteristics of influencing factors and new characteristics of the related review. The practical significance is expounded according to the pre-crisis and post-crisis signs. Finally, the future research direction is pointed out according to the influencing factors.

Grounded in the Institutional Collective Action (ICA) framework, this study investigates the strategic orientations of emergency management organizations and their decision-making processes in social media network collaborations. Through a longitudinal analysis, we explore how these organizations navigate collaboration risks while forming and sustaining relationships within online emergency communication networks (ECNs) during Typhoon Mangkhut. Employing exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) on Sina Weibo data from 71 Shenzhen-based organizational accounts, our findings reveal distinct strategic shifts across disaster phases. During the transition from preparedness to response, organizations predominantly adopt a resource-based view (RBV) orientation, leveraging bonding strategies to consolidate internal and in-group resources. As the disaster progresses from response to recovery, organizations increasingly align with resource orchestration theory (ROT) principles, prioritizing bridging strategies to access and mobilize resources across diverse actor groups. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamic coordination mechanisms within online networks, elucidating how strategic orientations evolve to mitigate collaboration risks and address collective action challenges.

This research develops a qualitative framework integrating Threat and Error Management (TEM) with Safety II principles, demonstrating how transitioning from “what went wrong” to “how work usually goes right” enhances accident investigation practice. Current accident investigation approaches identify failures but overlook how crews using similar decision-making procedures achieve successful outcomes under comparable conditions. Traditional TEM analysis and Safety II principles have been applied separately, with limited research exploring their retrospective integration. The research employs a qualitative two-stage methodology integrating traditional TEM analysis with Safety II principles through interpretive analysis of operational behaviours. Stage one employs conventional TEM analysis to identify threats, errors, and undesired aircraft states. Stage two integrates Safety II principles through Work-as-Imagined versus Work-as-Done analysis, Performance Variability Assessment, and Critical Decision Point Analysis. The Air India Express VT-AYA runway excursion (2019) serves as the case study. Out of 18 identified TEM categories, 55% were managed effectively, and of the nine crew adaptation patterns, 67% represented beneficial or neutral performance variability, enhancing safety outcomes. Systematic breakdown occurred only when organisational goal conflicts exceeded the boundary where approximate adjustments could bridge procedural assumptions and operational reality, validating the Safety II principle that success and failure conditions are fundamentally similar. Integrated TEM and Safety II analysis reveals additional dimensions, goal conflicts, efficiency-thoroughness trade-offs, and adaptive capacity boundaries that conventional methods systematically overlook. While traditional TEM identifies what went wrong (threats, errors, undesired states), Safety-II integration explains why the same adaptive processes that routinely ensure safety encountered systemic boundaries in this instance. The integrated methodology provides investigators a practical tool to operationalise Safety II principles. This approach contributes to the understanding of accident investigation from failure analysis to normal adaptive processes across high-risk industries.