Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management最新文献

英文中文

The wet stuff: An exploration of the UK's water rescue community from the middle 湿漉漉的东西从中世纪探索英国水上救援界

IF 3.1 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12606

Craig J. R. Collie, David Pritchard, Richard Teeuw, Phil Crook, Michael Tipton, Karen Shalev, Naomi Morris

This article seeks to explore the way in which key, specifically situated actors within the UK water rescue community understand and perceive challenges relating to navigating policy and practical challenges inherent to their role. Utilizing Lipsky's notion of the ‘street level bureaucrat’, focus groups and interviews were undertaken with water rescue practitioners who bridge the gap between high‐level strategy implementers and ground‐level operational personnel. Utilizing a grounded theory approach, the research uncovered how these operators conceptualize the boundaries in relation to their work, the role of knowledge and knowledge exchange, the nature of the obligation, especially with regard to differences between statutory and voluntary agencies, and in relation to ever‐changing public attitudes towards risk and expectations of a right to be rescued. This was underscored by consistent reference to challenges posed by funding, resourcing and the contingent nature of both political will and public interest in their work. The findings, drawing on these uniquely situated actors, emphasized the importance of practitioners interacting with and knowing one another, in addition to having a shared understanding of the water environment on the coast and inland, as being a key means to navigate the ‘bureaucracy’ of water rescue. The ways in which Lipsky's model can complement contemporary discussions regarding social identity within the emergency response to promote both vertical and horizontal cohesion and clarity are examined.

本文旨在探讨英国水上救援界的关键、具体参与者是如何理解和感知与驾驭政策有关的挑战及其角色固有的实际挑战的。利用利普斯基提出的 "基层官僚 "概念，对水上救援从业人员进行了焦点小组讨论和访谈，他们是高层战略实施者和基层业务人员之间的桥梁。利用基础理论方法，研究揭示了这些操作人员如何看待与其工作相关的边界、知识和知识交流的作用、义务的性质（尤其是法定机构和志愿机构之间的差异），以及不断变化的公众对风险的态度和对获救权利的期望。此外，还不断提到资金、资源以及政治意愿和公众对其工作的兴趣的偶然性所带来的挑战。研究结果从这些处境独特的参与者出发，强调除了对沿海和内陆的水环境有共同的理解外，从业人员之间的互动和相互了解也非常重要，是驾驭水上救援 "官僚主义 "的关键手段。本文探讨了利普斯基的模型如何补充当代关于应急响应中社会身份的讨论，以促进纵向和横向的凝聚力和清晰度。

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引用次数: 0

From plan to practice: Interorganizational crisis response networks from governmental guidelines and real‐world collaborations during hurricane events 从计划到实践：从政府指导方针和飓风事件中的实际合作看组织间危机应对网络

IF 3.1 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12601

Ly Dinh, Pingjing Yang, Jana Diesner

Crisis response involves extensive planning and coordination within and across a multitude of agencies and organisations. This study explores how on‐the‐ground crisis response efforts align with crisis response guidelines. These guidelines are key to the effectiveness of crisis response. To this end, we construct, analyse and compare emergency response networks by using network analysis and natural language processing methods. Differences between plans and practice, that is, false positives (actions delivered but not prescribed) and false negatives (actions prescribed but not delivered), can impact response evaluation and policy revisions. We investigate collaboration networks at the federal, state and local level extracted from official documents (prescribed networks) and empirical data (observed networks) in the form of situational reports (n = 109) and tweets (n = 28,050) from responses to major hurricanes that made landfall in the United States. Our analyses reveal meaningful differences between prescribed and observed collaboration networks (mean node overlap ~9.94%, edge overlap ~3.94%). The observed networks most closely resemble federal‐level networks in terms of node and edge overlap, highlighting the prioritisation of federal response guidelines. We also observed a high ratio of false positives, that is, nongovernmental, nonprofit and volunteer organizations, that play a critical role in crisis response and are not mentioned in response plans. These findings enable us to evaluate the current best practices for response and inform emergency response policy planning.

危机应对涉及众多机构和组织内部和之间的广泛规划和协调。本研究探讨了实地危机应对工作如何与危机应对指南保持一致。这些指导方针是危机应对工作取得成效的关键。为此，我们使用网络分析和自然语言处理方法构建、分析和比较了应急响应网络。计划与实践之间的差异，即假阳性（已采取但未规定的行动）和假阴性（已规定但未采取的行动），会影响响应评估和政策修订。我们调查了从官方文件（规定网络）和经验数据（观察网络）中提取的联邦、州和地方层面的协作网络，这些数据以情况报告（n = 109）和推特（n = 28,050）的形式出现，均来自对登陆美国的重大飓风的响应。我们的分析表明，规定的协作网络与观察到的协作网络之间存在显著差异（平均节点重叠~9.94%，边缘重叠~3.94%）。在节点和边缘重叠方面，观察到的网络与联邦级网络最为相似，这凸显了联邦应对指南的优先性。我们还观察到高比例的假阳性，即非政府组织、非营利组织和志愿者组织，它们在危机响应中发挥着关键作用，但在响应计划中并未提及。这些发现使我们能够评估当前的最佳应对措施，并为应急政策规划提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the dynamics of risk perception: Emotional and cognitive responses to new energy vehicle crises on social media 解读风险认知的动态：社交媒体上对新能源汽车危机的情感和认知反应

IF 3.1 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12605

Jia Xu, Yuze Zhou, Liangdong Lu, Shu Yang

This study examines the impact of various stakeholders on the social amplification of risk perceptions regarding new energy vehicle technologies, focusing on Tesla‐related discussions on Weibo. By applying natural language processing and machine learning to extract topics and conducting econometric analysis, we explored the emotional and cognitive dimensions of public discourse. Granger causality and impulse response analyses revealed that commercial media and celebrities initially intensified public negative emotions, while government communications mitigated them. Conversely, information from peer firms and the government positively influenced public risk perceptions on the cognitive dimension. Variance decomposition highlighted the rapid spread of emotionally driven content versus the deeper engagement elicited by cognitively driven content. These findings suggest that crisis communication strategies should consider the distinct dynamics of emotional and cognitive transmission on social media, providing valuable insights for managing public risk perceptions in crises.

本研究以微博上与特斯拉相关的讨论为重点，探讨了各利益相关方对新能源汽车技术风险认知的社会放大效应的影响。通过应用自然语言处理和机器学习提取话题并进行计量经济学分析，我们探索了公共讨论的情感和认知维度。格兰杰因果关系和脉冲响应分析表明，商业媒体和名人最初会激化公众的负面情绪，而政府传播则会缓解这种情绪。相反，在认知维度上，来自同行企业和政府的信息对公众的风险认知产生了积极影响。方差分解突显了情绪驱动型内容的快速传播与认知驱动型内容引发的深度参与。这些研究结果表明，危机公关策略应考虑社交媒体上情感和认知传播的不同动态，为危机中的公众风险认知管理提供有价值的见解。

引用次数: 0

Strategizing emergency management strategies: A dynamic perspective 制定应急管理战略：动态视角

IF 3.1 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12603

Nurain Hassan Ibrahim, Omar Al‐Tabbaa

The oil and gas extraction industry, with its inherent complexities and high‐risk environment, demands robust emergency management (EM) strategies to minimize losses of life and protect both tangible and intangible organizational assets. Despite the critical importance of these strategies, the evolution of EM processes within such a dynamic setting remains poorly understood. This paper seeks to address this gap by employing the Strategy‐as‐Practice (SAP) perspective, which offers valuable insights into noncompetitive strategizing. The SAP lens is particularly suited to examining EM's strategic role in safeguarding lives and assets. Through an in‐depth case study, we unravel the intricate complexities of the strategizing process, often considered a black box. Additionally, we introduce a novel framework that delineates the micro‐dynamics of interactions among the three core SAP elements—praxis, practitioners and practices. This framework provides a comprehensive understanding of how EM strategies evolve over time, emphasizing the pivotal role of emergency actors in such a multifaceted context.

石油和天然气开采业因其固有的复杂性和高风险环境，需要强有力的应急管理（EM）战略，以最大限度地减少生命损失，保护有形和无形的组织资产。尽管这些策略至关重要，但人们对这种动态环境下的应急管理流程的演变仍然知之甚少。本文试图通过采用 "战略即实践"（SAP）的视角来弥补这一不足，该视角为非竞争性战略的制定提供了宝贵的见解。SAP 视角尤其适合于研究紧急事件管理在保护生命和资产方面的战略作用。通过深入的案例研究，我们揭示了战略制定过程中错综复杂的问题，而这通常被认为是一个黑箱。此外，我们还介绍了一个新颖的框架，该框架描述了 SAP 三个核心要素--策略、实践者和实践--之间的微观动态互动。该框架提供了对紧急状况战略如何随时间演变的全面理解，强调了紧急状况参与者在这种多层面背景下的关键作用。

引用次数: 0

The point of no return: Crisis management lessons from US adults' infectious disease risk (IDR) perception and response to the Flu‐and‐COVID dual threat 不归点：从美国成年人对传染病风险 (IDR) 的认知和对流感和艾滋病双重威胁的反应中汲取危机管理经验

IF 3.1 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12607

Youngji Seo, Sung In Choi, Youngjee Ko, Yan Jin

Crisis learning is essential for improving crisis management. Looking back at how public health crises were managed, crisis scholars and practitioners can garner important future crisis readiness insight in managing critical risks and crises threatening public health and safety. Among existing crisis research examining infectious disease risks (IDRs) and IDR‐triggered health crises, few studies have examined how co‐existing particular infectious diseases influence individuals' risk perception and crisis responses. To address this gap, the current study provides lessons learned from an online survey, using a nationally representative US adult sample (N = 517), conducted during the early stages of the Coronavirus [COVID‐19] outbreak, before the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID‐19 global pandemic. The unique timing of the online survey allows us to examine: (1) how US adults perceived individual health risks associated with COVID‐19 and influenza [the flu], two infectious diseases concurrently discussed and compared by the news media and health experts; and (2) how perceived IDR influences their subsequent behavioral response. Key findings include, first, that the less novel IDR (i.e., the flu) led to higher perceived susceptibility, while the more novel IDR (i.e., COVID‐19), at the point of data collection, led to higher perceived severity. Second, IDR susceptibility and severity predicted intention to preventive action when confronted by the flu or COVID‐19. Third, individuals' trust in the government moderated risk response by IDR type. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for effective IDR communication in the process of ongoing public crisis management.

危机学习对于改进危机管理至关重要。回顾公共卫生危机的管理方式，危机学者和从业人员可以在管理威胁公共卫生和安全的重大风险和危机时，获得重要的未来危机准备洞察力。在现有的有关传染病风险（IDRs）和 IDR 引发的健康危机的危机研究中，很少有研究探讨同时存在的特定传染病如何影响个人的风险认知和危机应对。为了弥补这一不足，本研究在世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布 COVID-19 全球大流行之前，在冠状病毒 [COVID-19] 爆发的早期阶段，使用具有全国代表性的美国成人样本（N = 517）进行了在线调查，从中汲取了经验教训。在线调查的独特时机使我们能够研究：(1) 美国成年人如何感知与 COVID-19 和流感（新闻媒体和健康专家同时讨论和比较的两种传染病）相关的个人健康风险；(2) 感知到的 IDR 如何影响他们随后的行为反应。主要研究结果包括：第一，在数据收集时，较不新颖的 IDR（即流感）导致较高的感知易感性，而较新颖的 IDR（即 COVID-19）导致较高的感知严重性。其次，在面对流感或 COVID-19 时，IDR 的易感性和严重性预示着采取预防措施的意愿。第三，个人对政府的信任度调节了 IDR 类型的风险反应。这些发现对于在持续的公共危机管理过程中进行有效的 IDR 传播具有理论和实践意义。

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引用次数: 0

Building forwards: Bibliometric analysis and framework construction for community resilience 向前建设：文献计量分析和社区复原力框架构建

IF 2.6 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12604

Han Hu, Kegao Yan, Zhenhong Zhu, Tiangui Lv

The occurrence of ‘black swan’ and ‘grey rhino’ events is creating new risks for communities, and building resilient communities has become a global consensus. Using the Bibliometrix tool, we collected 3146 articles published from 2000 to 2022 to explore research hotspots, change trends and future directions in community resilience. The results show that community resilience study exhibited an exponential development pattern, with periods of sluggish rise (2000–2009) and rapid growth (2010–2019). From 2020 to 2022, the average annual number of articles spiked to 484 due to the outbreak of COVID‐19. Scholars from the United States, China and the United Kingdom are the main contributors in this field, but the research locations are gradually shifting from the United States to the European and Asian countries. Hot topics related to community resilience include conceptual discernment, assessment frameworks, influencing factors and enhancement strategies. In the future, more attention should be given to the localization of theories, soft power elements and special groups. We developed a community resilience cycle framework that integrates the latest conceptual statement of community resilience and the evolution of trajectories of system disturbance stages.

黑天鹅 "和 "灰犀牛 "事件的发生给社区带来了新的风险，建设具有抗灾能力的社区已成为全球共识。利用 Bibliometrix 工具，我们收集了从 2000 年到 2022 年发表的 3146 篇文章，以探讨社区抗灾能力的研究热点、变化趋势和未来方向。结果表明，社区恢复力研究呈现出指数式发展模式，既有上升迟缓期（2000-2009 年），也有快速增长期（2010-2019 年）。2020 年至 2022 年，由于 COVID-19 的爆发，年均文章数量激增至 484 篇。来自美国、中国和英国的学者是该领域的主要贡献者，但研究地点正逐渐从美国转向欧洲和亚洲国家。与社区恢复力相关的热点话题包括概念辨析、评估框架、影响因素和增强策略。今后，应更加关注理论的本土化、软实力要素和特殊群体。我们开发了一个社区复原力周期框架，该框架整合了社区复原力的最新概念表述和系统干扰阶段的演变轨迹。

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引用次数: 0

Permanently on standby: Practitioner perspectives on the complexities of crisis planning 长期待命：从业人员对危机规划复杂性的看法

IF 2.6 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12600

Vidhi Chaudhri, Nina Armbrust, Sergül Nguyen

Although crisis planning (including both prevention and preparation) is well-established as the 'alpha' of crisis management, businesses often find themselves caught off-guard in the face of crises. What impedes business organizations from heeding scholarly advice to engage in crisis planning? Interviews with corporate communication professionals suggest that in a fast-evolving digital landscape characterized by the ambiguity of what ‘qualifies’ as a crisis, the need for an organizational culture of preparedness and balancing structure with agility are the hallmarks of crisis planning. Even when interviewees acknowledge the importance of crisis planning, cultivating a culture of preparedness is contingent on an engaged leadership that recognizes and provides communication professionals a seat at the table, fosters internal coordination, and understands the importance of peacetime relationships with stakeholders. Our paper addresses the complexities and implications of crisis planning that is typically hidden from view.

尽管危机规划（包括预防和准备）已被公认为危机管理的 "α"，但企业往往发现自己在面对危机时措手不及。是什么阻碍了企业组织听从学者的建议参与危机规划？与企业传播专业人士的访谈表明，在快速发展的数字环境中，危机的 "定性 "模糊不清，危机规划的特点是需要一种有备无患的组织文化，并在结构与灵活性之间取得平衡。即使受访者承认危机规划的重要性，培养备战文化也取决于领导层的参与度，领导层应承认并为传播专业人员提供一席之地，促进内部协调，并了解和平时期与利益相关方关系的重要性。我们的论文论述了危机规划的复杂性和影响，而危机规划通常是不为人知的。

引用次数: 0

Defining public warning failure 界定公共警报失灵

IF 2.6 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12602

Hamilton Bean, Amy Hasinoff, Sarah Fields

Public warning failure is an undertheorized concept. A shared definition of public warning failure is needed to help stakeholders assess responsibility in the aftermath of government nonuse, misuse, or misunderstanding of public warning systems, especially mobile device-based systems that have become a critical element of the public warning ecosystem. Although some uncertainty in the disaster information environment is inevitable, a shared definition of public warning failure could help clarify the roles and responsibilities of government officials and agencies across the arc of disaster communication: public preparation, hazard detection, warning message creation, message dissemination, and public response monitoring. In the context of earthquake early warning system performance, warning failure has been defined as false alert, missed alert, inaccurate alert, no alert, and late alert. Building upon this typology, in this essay, we propose an all-hazards definition of public warning failure, illustrate it using a conceptual model, and assess the conceptual model using examples drawn from media reporting.

公共预警失灵是一个理论化不足的概念。需要对公共预警失灵进行共同定义，以帮助利益相关者在政府不使用、滥用或误解公共预警系统（尤其是已成为公共预警生态系统关键要素的基于移动设备的系统）后评估责任。尽管灾害信息环境中存在一些不确定性是不可避免的，但对公共预警失灵的共同定义有助于明确政府官员和机构在灾害传播过程中的角色和责任：公众准备、危害检测、预警信息创建、信息传播和公众响应监测。在地震预警系统性能方面，预警失败被定义为误报、漏报、不准确警报、无警报和迟报。在此类型学的基础上，我们在本文中提出了公共预警失灵的全危险定义，使用概念模型对其进行了说明，并使用媒体报道中的实例对概念模型进行了评估。

引用次数: 0

Should the CEO be the “face” of crisis response? Examining types of visuals on social media in corporate crisis communication 首席执行官是否应该成为危机应对的 "代言人"？研究企业危机公关中社交媒体的视觉效果类型

IF 2.6 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12596

Bora Yook, Don W. Stacks

This study aims to suggest visual strategies for social media response in corporate crisis communication. Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and Associative Network Theory of Memory (ANT) are applied to investigate the types of visuals (photos) that companies may utilize in Facebook messages. A 3 (message: excuse vs. attack accuser vs. apology) × 4 (photo: no-image vs. product vs. stereotypical CEO vs. CEO reflecting corporate character) between-subject design online experiment was conducted in the United States (N = 296). The results confirmed the effect of message strategies on crisis communication outcomes such as perceived responsibility, anger, and reputation. Preliminary interaction effects showed that the stereotypical CEO image (e.g., wearing a suit at a podium in a conference setting) was effective on reputation in two message strategies: an excuse in an accidental cluster crisis and an apology in a preventable cluster crisis. Based on these findings, the current study offers theoretical and practical implications for corporate crisis communication. Details are discussed in the study.

本研究旨在为企业危机公关中的社交媒体应对提出视觉策略建议。本研究运用情景危机传播理论（SCCT）和联想记忆网络理论（ANT）来研究企业在 Facebook 消息中可能使用的视觉效果（照片）类型。在美国进行了一项 3（信息：借口 vs. 攻击指责者 vs. 道歉）×4（照片：无图像 vs. 产品 vs. 刻板 CEO vs. 反映企业特征的 CEO）的主体间设计在线实验（N = 296）。实验结果证实了信息策略对危机传播结果的影响，如感知责任、愤怒和声誉。初步的交互效应显示，在两种信息策略中，刻板的首席执行官形象（例如，在会议环境中穿着西装站在讲台上）对声誉有效：在意外的群体危机中提供借口，在可预防的群体危机中道歉。基于这些发现，本研究为企业危机公关提供了理论和实践启示。详细内容将在研究报告中讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Risk perception, efficacies and disaster preparedness: A comparison between people with and without disability 风险意识、效率和备灾：残疾人与非残疾人的比较

IF 2.6 3区管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT

Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management

Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12597

Yingxiang Li, Yung-Fang Chen, Ziyi Wang, Ziqiang Han

Persons with disabilities (PwDs) face a disproportionately high risk due to their physical or mental limitations and socioeconomic barriers during emergencies. To better understand and empower PwDs for disaster preparedness, this study used an updated national representative survey (2021 Federal Emergency Management Agency National Household Survey) from the United States to examine the differences between PwDs and their counterparts concerning disaster preparedness with the guidance of the protection motivation theory. The results of the Tobit regression models indicated that being disabled was negatively correlated with the level of preparedness. Furthermore, disability status significantly and negatively modified the relationship between risk perception and disaster preparedness. Likewise, self-efficacy was less strongly correlated with preparedness activities if people self-reported themselves as having a disability. Moreover, for people with disabilities, their beliefs about the effectiveness of preventive behaviours (response efficacy) predicted decreased adoption of preparedness measures. Promoting disaster risk reduction education, strengthening self-efficacy and developing more inclusive and targeted intervention strategies for PwDs can be used to improve their preparedness degree and capacity for disaster prevention.

由于身体或精神上的限制以及社会经济方面的障碍，残疾人（PwDs）在紧急情况下面临着不成比例的高风险。为了更好地了解残疾人并增强他们的备灾能力，本研究利用美国最新的全国代表性调查（2021 年联邦紧急事务管理局全国家庭调查），在保护动机理论的指导下，研究了残疾人与同龄人在备灾方面的差异。Tobit 回归模型的结果表明，残疾与备灾水平呈负相关。此外，残疾状况对风险感知与备灾之间的关系有明显的负向调节作用。同样，如果人们自称有残疾，则自我效能与备灾活动的相关性较低。此外，对于残疾人来说，他们对预防行为有效性的信念（反应效能）预示着备灾措施采用率的下降。促进减少灾害风险教育、加强自我效能以及为残疾人制定更具包容性和针对性的干预策略，可用于提高他们的备灾程度和防灾能力。

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引用次数: 0

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