Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management最新文献

Based on early evidence, risk communication scholars have come to believe that longer (360-character maximum) mobile public warning messages generate more compliance than shorter (90-character maximum) messages. This study used an experimental design to test that premise. The study measured participants' (N = 481) likelihood of compliance in response to a mock Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) message, as well as alternatives to immediate compliance: seeking additional information, taking non-recommended action, or ignoring the message. The study found that both longer and shorter messages generated relatively high levels of compliance, but longer messages did not generate higher levels of compliance. Rather than message length, risk personalization and hazard experience were stronger differentiators of WEA message response outcomes. Results included a moderation effect: Shorter messages produced slightly greater compliance than longer messages among people who reported lower levels of risk personalization. The study concluded that 90-character messages may be more effective than previously believed. Consequently, the authors recommend renewed focus on public safety communication related to risk personalization and hazard experience.

This study explores the impact of transformational leadership style on hurricane crisis response planning in the coastal destinations of Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Using the Perceived Transformational Leadership Scale (PTLS) proposed by Donmez and Toker, alongside demographic variables, employment profiles and past crisis experiences, the study investigates how leaders' innate leadership characteristics influence crisis response adoption. Results indicate that transformational leadership significantly predicts engagement in crisis response planning, surpassing other predictors such as employment profile and experience. The study also validates the PTLS's usability across different contexts and its ability to predict varied behaviours beyond job satisfaction. Additionally, it underscores the importance of considering transformational leadership traits in managerial recruitment for risk management roles. The findings theoretically contribute by reinforcing the independence of transformational leadership scale items and informing recruitment processes and decision-making in hurricane-prone coastal regions.

The ‘vulnerability’ approach highlights institutional factors as the primary drivers of flooding risk. However, the intricate connections between institutional vulnerability and urban flood disaster risk have not been extensively explored until now. This study aims to address this gap by examining the case of the 7·20 heavy rainfall disaster in Zhengzhou. Employing a hybrid analysis methodology that integrates text coding, fault tree analysis and analytic hierarchy process methods, the study seeks to identify and assess the distinct contributions of various institutional factors and their interplay, culminating in ineffective urban flood risk management. In contrast to previous research findings that emphasize the determinant role of policy-making and organizational coordination, this study demonstrates that inadequate legislative compliance constitutes the root cause determining the ineffectiveness of urban flood risk management. It is further exacerbated by insufficient policy attention, resulting in inadequate allocation of resources that ensure the legislative quality, risk coping skills and knowledge and stakeholders' coordination and collaboration. By emphasizing the significance of legislative compliance and policy attention, the study offers a fresh conceptual perspective to understand the factors influencing the efficiency of urban flood risk management. It provides valuable insights to develop targeted countermeasures for mitigating similar urban flood risks in the future.

Emergency rescue information is a significant factor affecting emergency decisions in the accident process, and determining the content and importance of this information can greatly assist emergency decisions and improve their effectiveness. For this reason, this paper combines decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) with a backpropagation (BP) neural network and uses the Levenberg‒Marquardt (LM) algorithm to optimize it, builds the LM-BP-DEMATEL model, and investigates the contents and importance of emergency rescue information with hazardous chemical spills as an illustrative case. First, the meaning of emergency rescue information was defined using national laws and regulations and academic research. Second, using hazardous chemical spills as an example, 62 hazardous chemical spills were collected, and 7 categories with a total of 32 emergency rescue information were extracted. Third, the constructed LM-BP-DEMATEL model was utilized to analyse the importance of 14 types of common emergency rescue information in 62 cases. Last, the centrality and causality of 14 types of emergency rescue information were obtained and then classified into four categories according to centrality and causality. The research results show that deaths (U8) and leakage information (U6) are the most critical emergency rescue information, that more attention should be given to emergency decision-making and that targeted strategies should be formulated to improve the effect of emergency decisions.

This study aims to gain qualitative insights about and compare public responses to COVID-19 crisis management during the different pandemic phases and across three countries—Norway, Sweden and Italy. To do so, we have carried out a qualitative content analysis of a selection of 2606 tweets containing the term ‘face mask’ in Italian, Norwegian, and Swedish published between March 1, 2020 and June 31, 2022. The article combines risk society theses with social practice theory as a lens through which to examine public responses to crisis management. Analyzing the data from Norway, Sweden, and Italy, this article discusses the extent to which individualism, reflexive modernization, and cosmopolitanism account for citizen responses to authority's crisis management efforts in each of the countries during the different phases of the pandemic. Findings highlight the crucial role of socio-cultural contexts that shape citizen responses to crisis management over time, showcasing a spectrum of attitudes ranging from scepticism and critique to trust and compliance. This comparative analysis underscores the importance of considering the dynamic interplay between criticism and support, individualism and collectivism, as well as global and local experiences in understanding diverse and situated societal responses to crisis management during a global pandemic. The article also points to social media as a meaningful arena where individuals and groups share information and participate in discussions that shape collective views, thus having a significant role in shaping citizen responses to COVID-19 crisis management and influencing decision-making.

Emergency management bears the important responsibility of preventing and resolving security risks and responding to disasters and accidents in time. At the same time, it shoulders the important mission of protecting people's lives and property and maintaining social stability. However, there is little research on the forecast of the huge gap and demand for talent. To strengthen the emergency management ability and modernization, improve the ability of emergency management personnel training and solve the shortage of emergency management personnel at this stage, this paper studied the positioning of emergency management personnel in China and the demand for various emergency management personnel. By means of field interviews, questionnaire surveys, participatory research and expert meetings, this research analyzed the characteristics of emergency management talents in China, defined its classification and forecasted its demand. The results showed that emergency management talents in China could be divided into four categories: administrative management talents, practical talents, expert talents and support talents. According to the data calculation results of five representative provinces, Guangdong Province (area with relatively developed economy), Beijing (administrative centre and economically developed area), Sichuan Province (natural disaster-prone area), Shanxi Province (developed area of energy industry such as coal) and Jiangsu Province (industrially developed areas), it is concluded that the total demand for emergency management talents in China at this stage is about 794,900, and the gap is about 411,200. At present, China's emergency management talents are in short supply. The research results of this paper can provide sufficient data support for the training of emergency management talents.

Crisis management is a challenging and interdisciplinary task in which various information must be acquired and fused. In Germany, Civil Crisis Management is usually organized into two parts: the organizational-administrative division and the operative-tactical division, which are subordinate to the authorities (political) leadership. To organize an efficient and interdisciplinary response, crisis staffs can be called up. In these administrative crisis staffs, information sources are bundled, responsible experts collaborate and exchange information. To achieve a common understanding of the crisis, situational displays are created. Situational displays present the extend of the crisis and offer high-level information required by the staff members. They can show the extent of the crisis area on maps or integrate other, for example numeric, information. This paper presents both state of the art in situational display creation and the most recent requirements in administrative crisis management. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and workshops regarding the tools for the creation of situational displays. For both data gathering methods, we were able to acquire active crisis management experts as participants. To determine the state of the art for situational displays for administrative crisis management staff we utilized structured questionnaires, which were answered by 14 crisis management authorities. Through two expert workshops with each nine participants, the requirements for situational display were collected. This paper compares the two datasets to evaluate the recent state of situational displays for administrative crisis staff in practice. The article summarizes usage of situational displays by practitioners and compiles lessons from the field.

In this study, we analyzed social media conversations during the unfolding of the FTX crisis, the biggest cryptocurrency scandal in United States history. Drawing on the accessibility-diagnosticity framework, we examined the negative spillover effect of the crisis using a natural language processing approach. We specifically assessed whether there was a negative spillover from FTX to other crypto entities with different levels of diagnostic attribute similarity. We collected a large corpus of Twitter conversations related to the FTX collapse in 2022 and used the association rule analysis to determine the association between FTX and other crypto entities. Our analysis revealed that the number of tweets mentioning FTX and other crypto entities changed in line with a series of real-world events during the FTX crisis. The negative spillover of the FTX crisis occurred primarily during the first 10 days as the FTX scandal unfolded. The results indicated that the FTX crisis spilled over to highly accessible and diagnostic crypto entities, such as Binance, Bitcoin, and the cryptocurrency industry in general. On the other hand, less accessible and less diagnostic crypto entities/currencies like Ethereum and Coinbase did not experience negative spillover from the scandal.

Following the Cold War, Sweden adopted a doctrine promoting perpetual peace, resulting in significant reductions in military defense capabilities and the dismantling of civil defense infrastructure. However, geopolitical events such as the Russian invasion of Georgia in 2008 and the annexation of Crimea in 2014 prompted Sweden to reassess its security posture in 2015, leading to the reconstruction of total defense, and an emphasis on collaboration between the civilian and military defense sectors. Exercises have been instrumental in fostering civil-military collaboration capability. This study aims to investigate whether these exercises are effective in enhancing capability for civil-military collaboration. Data collection involved participant observation during seven exercises and was analyzed using constructive alignment (CA). Findings indicate that the exercises did not yield discernible learning outcomes, and this is attributed to the Swedish principles of responsibility, deficiencies in CA, contextual support, and entrenched defensive routines.

Grounded in the quiet weather communication typology, we conducted two between-subjects experiments comparing humanising to organisational voice messages in predicting disaster organisation-public relationships, publics' message passing intentions, and publics' community resilience perceptions in the U.S. tornado context. Study 1 examines these relationships in the missed event context, where a tornado was not forecasted, but occurred. Study 2 examines these relationships in the false alarm context, where a tornado was forecasted, but did not occur. Results show differing processes across the two studies, with Study 1 results showing direct message effects, but no indirect effects. Study 2 results show indirect effects of the experimental condition on the outcomes via perceptions of conversational human voice. The discussion extends the quiet weather communication typology by theorising how context influences message strategy effectiveness.