Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2239215
Jessica Verheij, Deniz Ay, Jean-David Gerber, Stéphane Nahrath
Abstract Implementing densification while ensuring green space accessibility is a crucial planning challenge. The powerful role of private for-profit actors densification projects mean that green spaces are at risk of being co-opted by private interests and transformed into club goods. Using a new-institutionalist approach, we analyse the implementation of densification and urban greening based on two case-studies in Switzerland and the Netherlands. We ask what planning strategies are successful in ensuring public access to green spaces in private-led densification. To counteract club formation, planners need to restrict property rights, actively monitor implementation of planning objectives, and ensure an open physical design.
{"title":"Ensuring Public Access to Green Spaces in Urban Densification: The Role of Planning and Property Rights","authors":"Jessica Verheij, Deniz Ay, Jean-David Gerber, Stéphane Nahrath","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2239215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2239215","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Implementing densification while ensuring green space accessibility is a crucial planning challenge. The powerful role of private for-profit actors densification projects mean that green spaces are at risk of being co-opted by private interests and transformed into club goods. Using a new-institutionalist approach, we analyse the implementation of densification and urban greening based on two case-studies in Switzerland and the Netherlands. We ask what planning strategies are successful in ensuring public access to green spaces in private-led densification. To counteract club formation, planners need to restrict property rights, actively monitor implementation of planning objectives, and ensure an open physical design.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"342 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41935035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2220701
Thomas Machiels, R. Goodspeed, T. Compernolle, T. Coppens
Abstract Scenario planning is increasingly used to manage uncertainty, but such planning often struggles to influence decision making and help communities navigate multiple futures. This article proposes a framework for planning practice that integrates scenario planning and real option theory to identify adaptation options that make plans or projects responsive to multiple futures. The framework is explained through a demonstration case, Plan Bay Area 2050 and Link21, based on document content analysis and expert interviews. The findings show that exploratory scenarios generate opportunities for real options reasoning and adaptive planning, by making uncertainties explicit when thinking about the future.
{"title":"Creating Flexible Plans for an Uncertain Future: From Exploratory Scenarios to Adaptive Plans With Real Options","authors":"Thomas Machiels, R. Goodspeed, T. Compernolle, T. Coppens","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2220701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2220701","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scenario planning is increasingly used to manage uncertainty, but such planning often struggles to influence decision making and help communities navigate multiple futures. This article proposes a framework for planning practice that integrates scenario planning and real option theory to identify adaptation options that make plans or projects responsive to multiple futures. The framework is explained through a demonstration case, Plan Bay Area 2050 and Link21, based on document content analysis and expert interviews. The findings show that exploratory scenarios generate opportunities for real options reasoning and adaptive planning, by making uncertainties explicit when thinking about the future.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"366 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47503347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2225322
Carey Doyle
I’d like to start with a thought experiment: imagine being a planner in a place where community organisations have wide-ranging powers over land ownership and use. Residents can come together to form non-profit community organisations, which can purchase and develop land and buildings to meet their needs and set out a spatial policy for their local area. These organisations have open membership, are democratically governed and act in the public interest. They have legal rights over land, including first right of purchase for pre-identified sites, and for compulsory purchase. There is technical support available to build organisational capacity, as well as funding for purchase and development. As non-profit local landowners, any value derived from development or use is reinvested locally; for example, a community-owned business can provide funding for a community garden. These community organisations own key local assets that they identify, and they work collaboratively with other landowners (public and private) to deliver projects. In this model, communities’s role in land use planning systems is expanded – from a narrow role in commenting on others’ proposals for land (whether planning policy produced by government, or developers’ projects) – to include a range of options which arise from meaningful power over land. Communities could designate sites to protect land use, prepare a local plan, declare a preference for purchase should the land come up for sale, or force a sale in the interests of sustainable development. This approach is notably different to the role of community in planning in many contexts – this is emergent citizen control, with power, as noted in Arnstein’s (1969) oft-referred Ladder of Public Participation.
{"title":"Rethinking Communities, Land and Governance: Land Reform in Scotland and the Community Ownership Model","authors":"Carey Doyle","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2225322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2225322","url":null,"abstract":"I’d like to start with a thought experiment: imagine being a planner in a place where community organisations have wide-ranging powers over land ownership and use. Residents can come together to form non-profit community organisations, which can purchase and develop land and buildings to meet their needs and set out a spatial policy for their local area. These organisations have open membership, are democratically governed and act in the public interest. They have legal rights over land, including first right of purchase for pre-identified sites, and for compulsory purchase. There is technical support available to build organisational capacity, as well as funding for purchase and development. As non-profit local landowners, any value derived from development or use is reinvested locally; for example, a community-owned business can provide funding for a community garden. These community organisations own key local assets that they identify, and they work collaboratively with other landowners (public and private) to deliver projects. In this model, communities’s role in land use planning systems is expanded – from a narrow role in commenting on others’ proposals for land (whether planning policy produced by government, or developers’ projects) – to include a range of options which arise from meaningful power over land. Communities could designate sites to protect land use, prepare a local plan, declare a preference for purchase should the land come up for sale, or force a sale in the interests of sustainable development. This approach is notably different to the role of community in planning in many contexts – this is emergent citizen control, with power, as noted in Arnstein’s (1969) oft-referred Ladder of Public Participation.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"429 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42396592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2245803
Francesco Campagnari
Abstract This paper reflects on the concept of insurgency. Through a review of conceptual and empirical literature, it argues that current conceptualisations limit our understanding of insurgencies by focusing on intentional, purposeful and non-evolutive practices, addressing single, external and objectified sources of oppression, considering oppressed groups as static and fixed realities, and understanding insurgencies only through thematic characterisations. Adopting a pragmatist approach, it conceptualises insurgencies as two interconnected experiences: an experience of transformation of lived problematic situations, and an experience of transformation of conventional approaches to treat public problems. The article suggests a new research agenda and critical position for scholars.
{"title":"A Pragmatist Approach to Insurgencies: Experience, Lived Situations and Public Problems","authors":"Francesco Campagnari","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2245803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2245803","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reflects on the concept of insurgency. Through a review of conceptual and empirical literature, it argues that current conceptualisations limit our understanding of insurgencies by focusing on intentional, purposeful and non-evolutive practices, addressing single, external and objectified sources of oppression, considering oppressed groups as static and fixed realities, and understanding insurgencies only through thematic characterisations. Adopting a pragmatist approach, it conceptualises insurgencies as two interconnected experiences: an experience of transformation of lived problematic situations, and an experience of transformation of conventional approaches to treat public problems. The article suggests a new research agenda and critical position for scholars.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"307 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42399099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2224661
Jason S. Spicer
{"title":"Practicing Co-operation: Mutual Aid Beyond Capitalism","authors":"Jason S. Spicer","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2224661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2224661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"442 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43100716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2214530
C. Legacy, J. Barry, Matt Novacevski, Morgan Boyco
Abstract In this paper, we examine how a framework developed by the International Association for Public Participation is used to frame and legitimise the participatory practices of local governments in Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia. We find the association of IAP2 materials with appeals to “best practice” raises questions about the potential consequences of the use of standardised frameworks for participation. While these frameworks encourage a minimum standard for public participation, they may also stifle creative and contextually sensitive participatory planning practice.
{"title":"“Shared Language” Or “Straitjacket”? The Hidden Costs of Legitimising Participation Through Standardised Frameworks","authors":"C. Legacy, J. Barry, Matt Novacevski, Morgan Boyco","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2214530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2214530","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we examine how a framework developed by the International Association for Public Participation is used to frame and legitimise the participatory practices of local governments in Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia. We find the association of IAP2 materials with appeals to “best practice” raises questions about the potential consequences of the use of standardised frameworks for participation. While these frameworks encourage a minimum standard for public participation, they may also stifle creative and contextually sensitive participatory planning practice.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"325 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46062771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2201604
Zoé A. Hamstead
Abstract Emergent planning strategies to address heat-driven health inequities are informed by studies examining how these distributional concerns relate to the urban built environment. Through a critical review, I argue that this ‘heat scholarship’ largely operationalizes heat as a disembodied, depoliticized, and ahistorical entity detached from lived experiences that connect the built environment with people’s health. This paper makes contributions across critical environmental justice scholarship and planning, providing a conceptual and methodological intervention through four ‘Critical Heat Studies’ principles: 1) Social production of heat, 2) Heat as a form of institutionally-sanctioned violence, 3) Intersectionality and heat epistemologies, and 4) Thermal (in)security.
{"title":"Critical Heat Studies: Deconstructing Heat Studies for Climate Justice","authors":"Zoé A. Hamstead","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2201604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2201604","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Emergent planning strategies to address heat-driven health inequities are informed by studies examining how these distributional concerns relate to the urban built environment. Through a critical review, I argue that this ‘heat scholarship’ largely operationalizes heat as a disembodied, depoliticized, and ahistorical entity detached from lived experiences that connect the built environment with people’s health. This paper makes contributions across critical environmental justice scholarship and planning, providing a conceptual and methodological intervention through four ‘Critical Heat Studies’ principles: 1) Social production of heat, 2) Heat as a form of institutionally-sanctioned violence, 3) Intersectionality and heat epistemologies, and 4) Thermal (in)security.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"153 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45500848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2198876
Daniel Durrant, C. Lamker, Y. Rydin
Daniel Durrant , Christian Lamker and Yvonne Rydin Infrastructure Planning, Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, UK; Sustainable Transformation & Regional Planning, University of Groningen, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, Spatial Planning & Environment, Groningen, Netherlands; Planning, Environment and Public Policy, Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, UK
Daniel Durrant, Christian Lamker和Yvonne Rydin基础设施规划，伦敦大学学院Bartlett规划学院，伦敦，英国;格罗宁根大学空间科学、空间规划与环境学院可持续转型与区域规划，荷兰格罗宁根;规划、环境与公共政策，伦敦大学学院巴特利特规划学院，英国伦敦
{"title":"The Potential of Post-Growth Planning: Re-Tooling the Planning Profession for Moving beyond Growth","authors":"Daniel Durrant, C. Lamker, Y. Rydin","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2198876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2198876","url":null,"abstract":"Daniel Durrant , Christian Lamker and Yvonne Rydin Infrastructure Planning, Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, UK; Sustainable Transformation & Regional Planning, University of Groningen, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, Spatial Planning & Environment, Groningen, Netherlands; Planning, Environment and Public Policy, Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, UK","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"287 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44796461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2198878
John Sturzaker
{"title":"Rural Places and Planning – Stories from the Global Countryside","authors":"John Sturzaker","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2198878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2198878","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"296 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47723417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2023.2210474
J. Forester
How we understand the kinds of challenges that planners face on the job remains a central problem for planning ‘theory.’ Writing in a style that non-academics can read remains another problem. Easy labels get in the way: ‘communicative’ or ‘post-colonial’ or ‘insurgent’ (planning) often signal aspirations or righteous intentions, but they tell us precious little about what such planners do in the complex and messy circumstances of their practices. Telling us what planners ‘should do,’ however righteously, should not displace careful analysis of how planners might actually do what they can. For years it seems, discussions of communicative planning led to broader problems of democratic participation; discussions of post-colonial planning led to analyses of trajectories of colonialism; discussions of insurgent planning ushered in further examinations of neo-liberalism or capitalism. Surely, the logic seems to go, to understand any kind of planning, we need to understand its context, the system in which it exists. Yes, but rarely then do we return to what such planners might do and how they might do that in their grounded practices – even as those practices might also teach us about the weaknesses of those encompassing structures. I have collected planners’ stories for years, not as a search for gimmicks or technical fixes, but to mine and analyze what planners have experienced and learned – as they have been variously thrown into complex circumstances and forced to deal with racism and patriarchy, inequality and ideology, authoritarian bosses and corrupt city councils. But to researchers eyeing the bigger systemic pictures, I have been interviewing practitioners who were rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic. Those researchers, privileging their ‘structural analyses,’ have wanted to find the keys to the control room of the ship, the control room that will set white supremacy and patriarchy and diverse forms of capitalism on a new course. I too hope they might find the keys and then figure out (together?) what to do, but I worry they’re looking under the wrong lamppost, no matter how bright the light is there. In the meantime, each day, planners working on transportation and housing, environmental protection and urban design go to work and look for ways to find, engage, and serve broader publics at the same time as they try to confront the looming dangers of going down with the ship. These planners resist those dangers by resisting automobile dominance, experimenting with land trusts and new forms of ownership, mitigating climate change, creating beautiful and vital public spaces now, building coalitions with diverse allies for such change. But planning researchers often ‘describe’ these public-serving efforts without asking still more closely how these planners do better or worse work: how do they strategize? How do they think about value? How do they listen to conflicting claims and respond as they are situated in more or less porous ‘bureaucr
{"title":"How Planners Might Improvise in the Face of Power: Waking Up Theory for Practice","authors":"J. Forester","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2023.2210474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2023.2210474","url":null,"abstract":"How we understand the kinds of challenges that planners face on the job remains a central problem for planning ‘theory.’ Writing in a style that non-academics can read remains another problem. Easy labels get in the way: ‘communicative’ or ‘post-colonial’ or ‘insurgent’ (planning) often signal aspirations or righteous intentions, but they tell us precious little about what such planners do in the complex and messy circumstances of their practices. Telling us what planners ‘should do,’ however righteously, should not displace careful analysis of how planners might actually do what they can. For years it seems, discussions of communicative planning led to broader problems of democratic participation; discussions of post-colonial planning led to analyses of trajectories of colonialism; discussions of insurgent planning ushered in further examinations of neo-liberalism or capitalism. Surely, the logic seems to go, to understand any kind of planning, we need to understand its context, the system in which it exists. Yes, but rarely then do we return to what such planners might do and how they might do that in their grounded practices – even as those practices might also teach us about the weaknesses of those encompassing structures. I have collected planners’ stories for years, not as a search for gimmicks or technical fixes, but to mine and analyze what planners have experienced and learned – as they have been variously thrown into complex circumstances and forced to deal with racism and patriarchy, inequality and ideology, authoritarian bosses and corrupt city councils. But to researchers eyeing the bigger systemic pictures, I have been interviewing practitioners who were rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic. Those researchers, privileging their ‘structural analyses,’ have wanted to find the keys to the control room of the ship, the control room that will set white supremacy and patriarchy and diverse forms of capitalism on a new course. I too hope they might find the keys and then figure out (together?) what to do, but I worry they’re looking under the wrong lamppost, no matter how bright the light is there. In the meantime, each day, planners working on transportation and housing, environmental protection and urban design go to work and look for ways to find, engage, and serve broader publics at the same time as they try to confront the looming dangers of going down with the ship. These planners resist those dangers by resisting automobile dominance, experimenting with land trusts and new forms of ownership, mitigating climate change, creating beautiful and vital public spaces now, building coalitions with diverse allies for such change. But planning researchers often ‘describe’ these public-serving efforts without asking still more closely how these planners do better or worse work: how do they strategize? How do they think about value? How do they listen to conflicting claims and respond as they are situated in more or less porous ‘bureaucr","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"147 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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