Objective of the Study: To assess the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) performance for yield and quality production under natural farming system in gird region of Madhya Pradesh. Study Design: Randomized complete block design. Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute- RS, research farm Gwalior during winter (Rabi) season of 2022-2023. Methodology: Selected 5 plants from each treatment and replicated 3 times. Then follows methods as per given in materials and methods section of paper. Treatments T1: Control, T2: Inorganic practices (standard technology), T3: NADEP compost @ 25 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 1L/ha + PSB (Phosphorus solublizing bacteria) @ 1L/ha, T4: T3+ FYM @ 25 t/ha, T5: T3 + Vermicompost @ 7.5 t/ha, T6: T3+ neem cake @ 5 t/ha + foliar spray of copper oxychloride @ 3 g/L, T7: Integrated practice [90% RDF through inorganic sources {urea, SSP, MOP}, 10% RDF through organic sources i.e., FYM @ 25 t/ha. Results: Results revealed that maximum number of tubers (135.03, 144.598 and 245.344) for grade 25-50 g, 50-75 g and >75 g respectively, highest number of tubers per ha (591286 at harvest), maximum yield of tubers (6.75, 10.844 and 18.40 t/ha) for grade 25-50 g, 50-75 g and >75 g respectively, highest yield of tubers (37.665 t/ha), highest true density of tubers (1.123 g/cc), highest tuber dry matter (17.173%) and highest starch content (14.313%) were recorded in treatment T7. While, the maximum number of tubers (129.08) for grade (0-25 g) and, maximum yield of tubers (3.2098 t/ha) for grade (0-25 g) was found in control plot. Conclusion: Among 7 treatments, T7- Integrated practice (90% inorganic practices, 10% organic) found better for number of tubers in different grades, yield of tubers in different grades, total tuber yield (t/ha) and for quality parameters e.i., True density (g/cc), Tuber dry matter (%) and Tuber starch content (%).
{"title":"Assessment of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Performance for Yield and Quality Production under Natural Farming System in Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"Aman Pratap Singh Chauhan, Dheerendra Singh, Avinash Sharma, Shubham Chouhan, Nishita Kushwah, Nisha Singh, Janmejay Sharma","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i122261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i122261","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of the Study: To assess the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) performance for yield and quality production under natural farming system in gird region of Madhya Pradesh. \u0000Study Design: Randomized complete block design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute- RS, research farm Gwalior during winter (Rabi) season of 2022-2023. \u0000Methodology: Selected 5 plants from each treatment and replicated 3 times. Then follows methods as per given in materials and methods section of paper. Treatments T1: Control, T2: Inorganic practices (standard technology), T3: NADEP compost @ 25 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 1L/ha + PSB (Phosphorus solublizing bacteria) @ 1L/ha, T4: T3+ FYM @ 25 t/ha, T5: T3 + Vermicompost @ 7.5 t/ha, T6: T3+ neem cake @ 5 t/ha + foliar spray of copper oxychloride @ 3 g/L, T7: Integrated practice [90% RDF through inorganic sources {urea, SSP, MOP}, 10% RDF through organic sources i.e., FYM @ 25 t/ha. \u0000Results: Results revealed that maximum number of tubers (135.03, 144.598 and 245.344) for grade 25-50 g, 50-75 g and >75 g respectively, highest number of tubers per ha (591286 at harvest), maximum yield of tubers (6.75, 10.844 and 18.40 t/ha) for grade 25-50 g, 50-75 g and >75 g respectively, highest yield of tubers (37.665 t/ha), highest true density of tubers (1.123 g/cc), highest tuber dry matter (17.173%) and highest starch content (14.313%) were recorded in treatment T7. While, the maximum number of tubers (129.08) for grade (0-25 g) and, maximum yield of tubers (3.2098 t/ha) for grade (0-25 g) was found in control plot. \u0000Conclusion: Among 7 treatments, T7- Integrated practice (90% inorganic practices, 10% organic) found better for number of tubers in different grades, yield of tubers in different grades, total tuber yield (t/ha) and for quality parameters e.i., True density (g/cc), Tuber dry matter (%) and Tuber starch content (%).","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i122260
A. S. Arunima, R. V. Manju, M. M. Viji, S. Roy, S. Sarada, R. Beena
The purpose of the study was to understand the role of different nutrients and biofertilizers on the stress tolerance of the tomato variety Vellayani Vijai under elevated CO2 induced high temperature condition. A pot culture study was done with 9 treatments included 50 ppm B + 50 ppm Zn + water spray (T1), 75 ppm B + 75 ppm Zn (T2), POP 150 ppm N + 125 ppm P+ 125 ppm K (T3), Azolla (Soil application) (T4), Azolla biofertilizer extract (20 %) (foliar application) (T5), Azolla biofertilizer extract (20%) (seed treatment) (T6), POP, KAU + PGPR1(T7), Control (water spray) (T8), Absolute control(T9). The application of 50% extra N and 25% extra P and K (T3) each than the recommended doses as per POP, KAU (Package of practices, Kerala Agricultural University) as well as foliar application of B and Zn at two different concentrations and foliar application of Azolla biofertilizer extract (20%) was found to be effective in inducing stress tolerance in tomato plants under elevated CO2 condition by improving the relative water content, cell membrane stability index and proline content.
该研究旨在了解不同养分和生物肥料在二氧化碳诱导高温条件下对番茄品种 Vellayani Vijai 的抗逆性的作用。盆栽研究采用了 9 种处理，包括 50 ppm B + 50 ppm Zn + 喷水（T1）、75 ppm B + 75 ppm Zn（T2）、POP 150 ppm N + 125 ppm P + 125 ppm K（T3）、Azolla（土壤施用）（T4）、 杜鹃花生物肥提取物（20%）（叶面喷施）（T5）、杜鹃花生物肥提取物（20%）（种子处理）（T6）、持久性有机污染物、KAU + PGPR1（T7）、对照（喷水）（T8）、绝对对照（T9）。研究发现，在高浓度 CO2 条件下，与 POP、KAU（喀拉拉邦农业大学一揽子实践）推荐的剂量相比，叶面喷施两种不同浓度的硼和锌以及叶面喷施杜鹃花生物肥提取物（20%）可提高相对含水量、细胞膜稳定指数和脯氨酸含量，从而有效诱导番茄植株的抗逆性。
{"title":"Role of Nutrients and Biofertilizers for Improved Tolerance of Tomato under Elevated Co2 Induced High Temperature Stress","authors":"A. S. Arunima, R. V. Manju, M. M. Viji, S. Roy, S. Sarada, R. Beena","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i122260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i122260","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to understand the role of different nutrients and biofertilizers on the stress tolerance of the tomato variety Vellayani Vijai under elevated CO2 induced high temperature condition. A pot culture study was done with 9 treatments included 50 ppm B + 50 ppm Zn + water spray (T1), 75 ppm B + 75 ppm Zn (T2), POP 150 ppm N + 125 ppm P+ 125 ppm K (T3), Azolla (Soil application) (T4), Azolla biofertilizer extract (20 %) (foliar application) (T5), Azolla biofertilizer extract (20%) (seed treatment) (T6), POP, KAU + PGPR1(T7), Control (water spray) (T8), Absolute control(T9). The application of 50% extra N and 25% extra P and K (T3) each than the recommended doses as per POP, KAU (Package of practices, Kerala Agricultural University) as well as foliar application of B and Zn at two different concentrations and foliar application of Azolla biofertilizer extract (20%) was found to be effective in inducing stress tolerance in tomato plants under elevated CO2 condition by improving the relative water content, cell membrane stability index and proline content.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i122259
Bharat Lal, Dheerendra Singh, N. S. Bhadauria
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest which is arising as one of the major threats to agricultural crop production. It has around 80 host species that cause severe damage to cereals and vegetable crops. This pest was first discovered in Africa (2016) and first collected and reported in Madhya Pradesh at Research Farm RVSKVV, Gwalior of the August Month in2019-20. The S. frugiperda larval are found in newly leaves, leaves whorls, tasseling or cobs according to their growth stages. Scrape leaves, pin hole symptoms due to early larval stage and pane window symptoms whereas in the later vegetative stages due to larval of fall armyworm, damage results in skeletonized leaves and seriously windows whorls. Whereas weather condition for insects firm is good for pest could cause about 100% losses in maize crop but not control in the time. Normal investigation, push and pull method, light traps are used, common botanical pesticides are available of neem locally available materials of ash and several suggested chemical pesticides with dose can be used for the management of S. frugiperda. In present a vital requirement for development of eco-friendly environment, cost-effectively and collectively adopted IPM strategies to easily the impacts of the S. frugiperda.
{"title":"Nature of Damage and its Management of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiprda) on Maize Crop: A Review","authors":"Bharat Lal, Dheerendra Singh, N. S. Bhadauria","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i122259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i122259","url":null,"abstract":"Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest which is arising as one of the major threats to agricultural crop production. It has around 80 host species that cause severe damage to cereals and vegetable crops. This pest was first discovered in Africa (2016) and first collected and reported in Madhya Pradesh at Research Farm RVSKVV, Gwalior of the August Month in2019-20. The S. frugiperda larval are found in newly leaves, leaves whorls, tasseling or cobs according to their growth stages. Scrape leaves, pin hole symptoms due to early larval stage and pane window symptoms whereas in the later vegetative stages due to larval of fall armyworm, damage results in skeletonized leaves and seriously windows whorls. Whereas weather condition for insects firm is good for pest could cause about 100% losses in maize crop but not control in the time. \u0000Normal investigation, push and pull method, light traps are used, common botanical pesticides are available of neem locally available materials of ash and several suggested chemical pesticides with dose can be used for the management of S. frugiperda. In present a vital requirement for development of eco-friendly environment, cost-effectively and collectively adopted IPM strategies to easily the impacts of the S. frugiperda.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"129 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138978603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112242
Durga Lal Regar, Pragya Dadhich, Poonam Jaiswal
Industrialization has made our day-to-day life easier and is also a key determinant of the economic growth of any nation. But on the dark side, industries are also known to cause almost all types of pollution including soil, air, and water pollution. Untreated industrial effluents when discharged in agricultural fields affect overall crop production. OME is believed to induce a phytotoxic effect on seed germination and overall plant growth. This paper aims to test the toxicity of soybean and mustard oil mill effluents and their impact on the Vitality Index, Seed Vigour Index, and Tolerance Index of seeds of Brassica compestris L. The study was conducted during July 2020 - June 2022. Two sets of experiments were settled, one for mustard OME and another for soybean OME. Various concentrations of OME were prepared; 0% oil mill effluent (tap water),10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% OME (not diluted). Treatment with tap water was treated as a control. A germination test with 10 seeds mounted on moist filter paper was conducted in an incubator at a temperature of 23°C. Seed vitality index, Seed vigour index, Tolerance index, and Phyto-toxicity were calculated with standard methods. Vitality index (VI) decreases to almost 1/5 with increasing OME concentration as compared to control (without OME) with both the OME. Up to 10% OME concentration in both cases there is almost no negative impact, but after that soybean OME concentration shows more negative effect on the seed vigour index. The tolerance index (TI) was reduced to almost 50% with increasing OME concentration from 0% (water) to 100% in both treatments. Toxicity is more pronounced with soybean OME during the early germination period but later it shows that toxicity increases with increasing OME concentration with both the OME. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of vegetable oil mill effluent negatively affect seed vitality, vigour and this may be due to reduced tolerance and increased toxicity with higher concentrations of OME. All these parameters under study have a significantly high correlation with the concentration of OME.
{"title":"Effect of Vegetable Oil Mill Effluents on Physiological Properties of Brassica compestris L. Seeds","authors":"Durga Lal Regar, Pragya Dadhich, Poonam Jaiswal","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112242","url":null,"abstract":"Industrialization has made our day-to-day life easier and is also a key determinant of the economic growth of any nation. But on the dark side, industries are also known to cause almost all types of pollution including soil, air, and water pollution. Untreated industrial effluents when discharged in agricultural fields affect overall crop production. OME is believed to induce a phytotoxic effect on seed germination and overall plant growth. This paper aims to test the toxicity of soybean and mustard oil mill effluents and their impact on the Vitality Index, Seed Vigour Index, and Tolerance Index of seeds of Brassica compestris L. The study was conducted during July 2020 - June 2022. Two sets of experiments were settled, one for mustard OME and another for soybean OME. Various concentrations of OME were prepared; 0% oil mill effluent (tap water),10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% OME (not diluted). Treatment with tap water was treated as a control. A germination test with 10 seeds mounted on moist filter paper was conducted in an incubator at a temperature of 23°C. Seed vitality index, Seed vigour index, Tolerance index, and Phyto-toxicity were calculated with standard methods. Vitality index (VI) decreases to almost 1/5 with increasing OME concentration as compared to control (without OME) with both the OME. Up to 10% OME concentration in both cases there is almost no negative impact, but after that soybean OME concentration shows more negative effect on the seed vigour index. The tolerance index (TI) was reduced to almost 50% with increasing OME concentration from 0% (water) to 100% in both treatments. Toxicity is more pronounced with soybean OME during the early germination period but later it shows that toxicity increases with increasing OME concentration with both the OME. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of vegetable oil mill effluent negatively affect seed vitality, vigour and this may be due to reduced tolerance and increased toxicity with higher concentrations of OME. All these parameters under study have a significantly high correlation with the concentration of OME.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"12 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112241
Pankaj Chauhan, Vinod Kumar, M. K. Shrivastava, Neelesh Patel, Manoranjan Biswal, Hemendra Mate
The study was conducted in field conditions that suitable to typical growth and all trait expression. A set of 30 wheat genotypes was evaluated for 10 agro-morphological traits in the rabi season 2022-2023. The experiment followed Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications and along with three different date of sowing. For the present study data was recorded on the basis of DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) guidelines. Phenotypic assessment revealed variability in different morphological traits like Plant growth habit, Foliage colour, Flag leaf length, Flag leaf width, Ear time of emergence, Ear Shape, Ear Density, Ear colour, Grain colour and Grain shape. Most of the morphological traits found an adequate level of variability.These established descriptors serve as valuable markers for characterizing the wheat, facilitating genotypes utilization and conservation efforts.
{"title":"Agro-morphological Characterization of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes","authors":"Pankaj Chauhan, Vinod Kumar, M. K. Shrivastava, Neelesh Patel, Manoranjan Biswal, Hemendra Mate","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112241","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in field conditions that suitable to typical growth and all trait expression. A set of 30 wheat genotypes was evaluated for 10 agro-morphological traits in the rabi season 2022-2023. The experiment followed Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications and along with three different date of sowing. For the present study data was recorded on the basis of DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) guidelines. Phenotypic assessment revealed variability in different morphological traits like Plant growth habit, Foliage colour, Flag leaf length, Flag leaf width, Ear time of emergence, Ear Shape, Ear Density, Ear colour, Grain colour and Grain shape. Most of the morphological traits found an adequate level of variability.These established descriptors serve as valuable markers for characterizing the wheat, facilitating genotypes utilization and conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"22 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In urban agriculture, rooftop gardening is a remarkable part which is practiced to overcome the food crisis and climate change; if it is not economically viable on the basis of productivity, then rooftop garden will not enhance and sustain. So, a pot experiment was conducted during November 2021 to April 2022 on the rooftop of different height of buildings and Agroforestry research field at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 to study the productivity of chili (BARI Morich 3). The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The treatments of this experiment were T1= Control (Ground, 0.0 m), T2= Rooftop of three storied building (11.28 m), T3 = Rooftop of six storied building (21.34 m) and T4 = Rooftop of ten storied building (34.75 m). Results indicated that soil moisture content, plant height, stem diameter, number of (leaf, branch and fruit), fresh and dry weight of plant, single fruit (weight, length and diameter), fresh and dry weight of yield per plant were significantly decreased with the increased of building height (T1>T2>T3>T4) and air temperature, soil temperature and light intensity were significantly increased with the increased of building height (T4> T3> T2> T1). As gradually increased the height of building rooftop, sequentially decreased the growth, yield and yield contributing characteristics of chili plant. Although ground performed the best productivity, up to rooftop of three storied building can be selected as an appropriate height for chili (BARI Morich-3) cultivation to increase the rooftop gardening.
{"title":"Growth and Yield Performance of Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) on Rooftop of Different Height of Buildings","authors":"Md. Ujjal Husen, Nazmun Naher, Zannatul Firdaus Binte Habib, Hapsa Rahaman, Abdul Halim","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112240","url":null,"abstract":"In urban agriculture, rooftop gardening is a remarkable part which is practiced to overcome the food crisis and climate change; if it is not economically viable on the basis of productivity, then rooftop garden will not enhance and sustain. So, a pot experiment was conducted during November 2021 to April 2022 on the rooftop of different height of buildings and Agroforestry research field at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 to study the productivity of chili (BARI Morich 3). The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The treatments of this experiment were T1= Control (Ground, 0.0 m), T2= Rooftop of three storied building (11.28 m), T3 = Rooftop of six storied building (21.34 m) and T4 = Rooftop of ten storied building (34.75 m). Results indicated that soil moisture content, plant height, stem diameter, number of (leaf, branch and fruit), fresh and dry weight of plant, single fruit (weight, length and diameter), fresh and dry weight of yield per plant were significantly decreased with the increased of building height (T1>T2>T3>T4) and air temperature, soil temperature and light intensity were significantly increased with the increased of building height (T4> T3> T2> T1). As gradually increased the height of building rooftop, sequentially decreased the growth, yield and yield contributing characteristics of chili plant. Although ground performed the best productivity, up to rooftop of three storied building can be selected as an appropriate height for chili (BARI Morich-3) cultivation to increase the rooftop gardening.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"11 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112239
T. Vijaya Nirmala, S. Harikumar, Anu George, A. Devivaraprasad Reddy
The global dairy industry is estimated to be worth billions of dollars, with India being the leading producer of dairy products. Milk is a vital source of nutrition, providing energy, protein, and essential micronutrients. It has been linked to various health benefits, such as improved bone health and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes. However, the livestock industry also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. The carbon footprint of dairy products is measured by assessing the emissions of greenhouse gases throughout the production process. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management are the primary sources of emissions in the livestock sector. Strategies aimed at enhanced milk production, reducing animal mortality rates and enhancing reproductive performances can also help reduce emissions. To ensure long-term sustainability of the livestock production system, the Indian dairy cattle farming system must address key intervention areas such as feeding management, animal health and reproductive performance, and manure management to reduce its carbon footprint.
{"title":"Green House Gas Emissions and Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Dairy Farming","authors":"T. Vijaya Nirmala, S. Harikumar, Anu George, A. Devivaraprasad Reddy","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112239","url":null,"abstract":"
 The global dairy industry is estimated to be worth billions of dollars, with India being the leading producer of dairy products. Milk is a vital source of nutrition, providing energy, protein, and essential micronutrients. It has been linked to various health benefits, such as improved bone health and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes. However, the livestock industry also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. The carbon footprint of dairy products is measured by assessing the emissions of greenhouse gases throughout the production process. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management are the primary sources of emissions in the livestock sector. Strategies aimed at enhanced milk production, reducing animal mortality rates and enhancing reproductive performances can also help reduce emissions. To ensure long-term sustainability of the livestock production system, the Indian dairy cattle farming system must address key intervention areas such as feeding management, animal health and reproductive performance, and manure management to reduce its carbon footprint.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"110 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112238
Ram Krishna Mandal, Kiron Lonchung
Since the dawn of human civilization, shifting farming, or Jhum cultivation, has been practiced. It continues to be practiced traditionally in hilly areas today. Because it causes so many issues, like soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, extinction of flora and fauna, depletion of water supplies, etc., it is a plague on human existence. The objectives ofthe study have tried to explore the adverse impacts of shifting cultivation and different causes of water pollution.Some recent studies are reviewed and research gap is identified. This study is descriptive by nature based basically on data of secondary sources. Someadverse impacts are sought out.Some findings are sought out. Some suggestions are given to solve the adverse impacts to bring the allround development of the State. It is necessary to make an integrated research on the basic problems raised with the shifting cultivation by scientists of all the disciplines including social scientists.
{"title":"A Review of Environmental Issues Due to Shifting Cultivation in Arunachal Pradesh, India","authors":"Ram Krishna Mandal, Kiron Lonchung","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112238","url":null,"abstract":"Since the dawn of human civilization, shifting farming, or Jhum cultivation, has been practiced. It continues to be practiced traditionally in hilly areas today. Because it causes so many issues, like soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, extinction of flora and fauna, depletion of water supplies, etc., it is a plague on human existence. The objectives ofthe study have tried to explore the adverse impacts of shifting cultivation and different causes of water pollution.Some recent studies are reviewed and research gap is identified. This study is descriptive by nature based basically on data of secondary sources. Someadverse impacts are sought out.Some findings are sought out. Some suggestions are given to solve the adverse impacts to bring the allround development of the State. It is necessary to make an integrated research on the basic problems raised with the shifting cultivation by scientists of all the disciplines including social scientists.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":" 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112236
T. T. Anongo, D. T. Shaahu, T. Ahemen, C. D. Tuleun, S. N. Carew
A feeding trial was conducted for 84-days to investigate the feeding value of rice milling by-products on growth performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits in Makurdi. Forty two (42) weaner rabbits weighing between 412 – 420 g were randomly allocated to 7 treatment diets with each treatment replicated 6 times in a completely randomize design (CRD). Each rabbit constituted a replicate and each treatment was made up of three males and three females. The treatments were, D1, control, D2 contained parboiled rice offal (PRO), D3 contained parboiled rice bran (PRB), D4 contained parboiled grain rejects (PGR), D5 contained non-parboiled rice polishing (NPRP), D6 contained non-parboiled rice bran (NPRB)and D7 contained non-parboiled grain rejects (NPGR). Result of growth performance revealed that Significant (P<0.05) dietary influence were observed on average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratios. In both parameters (ADWG and FCR) performances were significantly(P<0.05) poor (10.97g and 6.69 respectively) in rabbits fed PRO. Result of digestibility by the rabbits fed diets containing RMBPs were similar (P>0.05) to the rabbits fed the control diet and this similarity was observed across the treatment groups. No significant (P>0.05) dietary influence was observed on carcass parameters measured It was concluded that, the combination of rice milling by-products (RMBPs) with other feed materials provided cheaper diets that are nutritionally adequate for enhance growth, good carcass development and yield of rabbits at levels equivalent to the reference diet. It is recommended therefore that, feed manufacturers and Rabbit farmers can incorporate up to 25% of rice offal, rice bran and rice grain rejects in the diets of rabbits.
{"title":"Growth Performance and Nutrients Digestibility of Weaner Rabbits FED Diets Containing Par-Boiled and Non-Parboiled Rice Milling By-Products","authors":"T. T. Anongo, D. T. Shaahu, T. Ahemen, C. D. Tuleun, S. N. Carew","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112236","url":null,"abstract":"A feeding trial was conducted for 84-days to investigate the feeding value of rice milling by-products on growth performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits in Makurdi. Forty two (42) weaner rabbits weighing between 412 – 420 g were randomly allocated to 7 treatment diets with each treatment replicated 6 times in a completely randomize design (CRD). Each rabbit constituted a replicate and each treatment was made up of three males and three females. The treatments were, D1, control, D2 contained parboiled rice offal (PRO), D3 contained parboiled rice bran (PRB), D4 contained parboiled grain rejects (PGR), D5 contained non-parboiled rice polishing (NPRP), D6 contained non-parboiled rice bran (NPRB)and D7 contained non-parboiled grain rejects (NPGR). Result of growth performance revealed that Significant (P<0.05) dietary influence were observed on average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratios. In both parameters (ADWG and FCR) performances were significantly(P<0.05) poor (10.97g and 6.69 respectively) in rabbits fed PRO. Result of digestibility by the rabbits fed diets containing RMBPs were similar (P>0.05) to the rabbits fed the control diet and this similarity was observed across the treatment groups. No significant (P>0.05) dietary influence was observed on carcass parameters measured It was concluded that, the combination of rice milling by-products (RMBPs) with other feed materials provided cheaper diets that are nutritionally adequate for enhance growth, good carcass development and yield of rabbits at levels equivalent to the reference diet. It is recommended therefore that, feed manufacturers and Rabbit farmers can incorporate up to 25% of rice offal, rice bran and rice grain rejects in the diets of rabbits.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"30 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112237
Mohammad Hashim, K. K. Singh, Narendra Kumar, Man Mohan Deo, Dileep Singh, Mukund Kumar
A study was carried out during Kharif, 2019 to assess the impact of Frontline Demonstrations (FLDs) on productivity and profitability of rice crop in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The FLDs were conducted by the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, under the IARI-Outreach Programme to know the yield gap, technology gap, extension gap, economic return, extent of farmer’s satisfaction, and constraints faced by the farmers, especially paddy growers. The critical inputs were identified in existing production technology through personal interaction, group meetings, and discussions with farmers and scientists. Improved variety, soil testing, seed treatment, integrated nutrient management, weed management, and pest and disease management are among the improved technologies. The result showed that switching from traditional farming methods to more advanced production technologies can result in yields of 30.00 percent and net returns of 27.00 percent. The extension gap of 1.20 t/ha, technological gap (0.55 t/ha), and technology index (9.57%) were registered for the Pusa Sugandha-5 variety. An additional returns of ₹16884.33/ha was obtained with an additional investment of ₹8395.67/ha, coupled with scientific monitoring of demonstrations and the use of rice varieties during investigations, which also influenced the economic returns per unit area. The constraint that was found to be the most difficult to overcome was the lack of improved, high-yielding rice varieties. In order to increase their yield and increase the production and productivity of rice in Uttar Pradesh, farmers in the area are advised to adopt new rice varieties as well as a recommended improved package of practices and technologies.
{"title":"Impact of Front Line Demonstrations in Improving Rice Productivity and Profitability in Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Mohammad Hashim, K. K. Singh, Narendra Kumar, Man Mohan Deo, Dileep Singh, Mukund Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112237","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out during Kharif, 2019 to assess the impact of Frontline Demonstrations (FLDs) on productivity and profitability of rice crop in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The FLDs were conducted by the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, under the IARI-Outreach Programme to know the yield gap, technology gap, extension gap, economic return, extent of farmer’s satisfaction, and constraints faced by the farmers, especially paddy growers. The critical inputs were identified in existing production technology through personal interaction, group meetings, and discussions with farmers and scientists. Improved variety, soil testing, seed treatment, integrated nutrient management, weed management, and pest and disease management are among the improved technologies. The result showed that switching from traditional farming methods to more advanced production technologies can result in yields of 30.00 percent and net returns of 27.00 percent. The extension gap of 1.20 t/ha, technological gap (0.55 t/ha), and technology index (9.57%) were registered for the Pusa Sugandha-5 variety. An additional returns of ₹16884.33/ha was obtained with an additional investment of ₹8395.67/ha, coupled with scientific monitoring of demonstrations and the use of rice varieties during investigations, which also influenced the economic returns per unit area. The constraint that was found to be the most difficult to overcome was the lack of improved, high-yielding rice varieties. In order to increase their yield and increase the production and productivity of rice in Uttar Pradesh, farmers in the area are advised to adopt new rice varieties as well as a recommended improved package of practices and technologies.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"71 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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