Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112235
Hemalatha Devagopalan, Ilamurugu Krishnaswamy
Fermentation improves the nutraceutical properties of cereals. The objective of this work was to optimize the growth condition for tempeh production from sorghum. Tempeh was developed with sorghum and in combination with soybean. Effective proliferative growth of Rhizopus oligosporus (R. oligosporus) was found on all the substrates. The temperature had a significant effect on the growth of the mould, pH, and protease activity. The incubation temperature of 35OC was found to be more favourable than 30oC. The fermentation at 35oC was completed within 36 hours compared to 30oC (46 h). The pH was raised progressively up to 48 hours of incubation period (7.20-7.25). The protease activity at 35OC was found to be increased until 36 hours and decreased thereafter. The protease activity was found to be significantly higher at 35oC (99.20 IU /g) in comparison to 30oC.
发酵可以改善谷物的营养特性。本研究的目的是优化以高粱为原料生产豆豉的生长条件。豆豉是与高粱和大豆结合栽培的。寡孢根霉在所有基质上均能有效增殖生长。温度对霉菌生长、pH和蛋白酶活性有显著影响。35℃的孵育温度比30℃更有利。与30℃(46小时)相比，35℃的发酵在36小时内完成。pH逐渐升高，直至48小时的孵育期(7.20-7.25)。在35℃下，蛋白酶活性在36小时前呈上升趋势，之后呈下降趋势。在35℃(99.20 IU /g)下，蛋白酶活性显著高于30℃。
{"title":"Optimization of Growth Conditions and Protease Activity for Tempeh Production from Sorghum","authors":"Hemalatha Devagopalan, Ilamurugu Krishnaswamy","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112235","url":null,"abstract":"Fermentation improves the nutraceutical properties of cereals. The objective of this work was to optimize the growth condition for tempeh production from sorghum. Tempeh was developed with sorghum and in combination with soybean. Effective proliferative growth of Rhizopus oligosporus (R. oligosporus) was found on all the substrates. The temperature had a significant effect on the growth of the mould, pH, and protease activity. The incubation temperature of 35OC was found to be more favourable than 30oC. The fermentation at 35oC was completed within 36 hours compared to 30oC (46 h). The pH was raised progressively up to 48 hours of incubation period (7.20-7.25). The protease activity at 35OC was found to be increased until 36 hours and decreased thereafter. The protease activity was found to be significantly higher at 35oC (99.20 IU /g) in comparison to 30oC.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"26 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112234
Kavita Solanki, I. B. Pandey, Mukesh Kumar, R. S. Singh, S. S. Prasad, Jyostnarani Pradhan
The experiment was conducted during kharif 2021-22 at Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, a campus of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The primary objective was to assess how different planting pattern, in addition with the varying fertilizer levels along with weed management practices, affected the growth and physiological characteristics of pigeon pea under pigeon pea based intercropping system. The study was laid down by using factorial randomized block design with 2 intercropping systems, 3 fertilizer levels and 4 weed management practices, each replicated three times to reduce the experimental error. The study's results highlighted that all the intercropping system in both the planting pattern recorded significantly higher net return and B:C ratio than sole pigeon pea. Among the intercropping systems, paired row planting of pigeon pea (45 cm) in 2:2 row ratio significantly recorded maximum growth, yield attributes and yield, net return and B:C ratio than their intercropping with pigeon pea in normal planting pattern (60 cm) in 1:1 row ratio and pigeon pea + soybean in both planting pattern. Although, growth, yield and economics increased significantly with subsequent increase in fertilizer levels and recorded higher values up to 100% RDF. Weed management practices recorded significantly higher plant height, yield indices, grain yield, net return and B:C ratio than weedy check. Among weed management practices, hand weeding twice recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, fruiting efficiency, grain yield and net return than combined application of imazethapyr with quizalofop ethyl and pre-plant incorporation of chlorimuron ethyl fb imazathapyr except number of pods/plant, fruiting efficiency and net return with combined application of imazethapyr + quizalofop ethyl. However, significantly higher B:C ratio was associated with combined application of imazethapyr + quizalofop ethyl. Application of 50% RDF in weed management practices produced significantly higher pigeon pea yield than application of 100% RDF in weedy check. Hence, 50% RDF could be saved by adopting the weed management practices in pigeon pea.
{"title":"Effect of Planting Pattern, Fertilizer Levels and Weed Management Practices on System Productivity and Economics of Pigeonpea-Based Intercropping System","authors":"Kavita Solanki, I. B. Pandey, Mukesh Kumar, R. S. Singh, S. S. Prasad, Jyostnarani Pradhan","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112234","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted during kharif 2021-22 at Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, a campus of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The primary objective was to assess how different planting pattern, in addition with the varying fertilizer levels along with weed management practices, affected the growth and physiological characteristics of pigeon pea under pigeon pea based intercropping system. The study was laid down by using factorial randomized block design with 2 intercropping systems, 3 fertilizer levels and 4 weed management practices, each replicated three times to reduce the experimental error. The study's results highlighted that all the intercropping system in both the planting pattern recorded significantly higher net return and B:C ratio than sole pigeon pea. Among the intercropping systems, paired row planting of pigeon pea (45 cm) in 2:2 row ratio significantly recorded maximum growth, yield attributes and yield, net return and B:C ratio than their intercropping with pigeon pea in normal planting pattern (60 cm) in 1:1 row ratio and pigeon pea + soybean in both planting pattern. Although, growth, yield and economics increased significantly with subsequent increase in fertilizer levels and recorded higher values up to 100% RDF. Weed management practices recorded significantly higher plant height, yield indices, grain yield, net return and B:C ratio than weedy check. Among weed management practices, hand weeding twice recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, fruiting efficiency, grain yield and net return than combined application of imazethapyr with quizalofop ethyl and pre-plant incorporation of chlorimuron ethyl fb imazathapyr except number of pods/plant, fruiting efficiency and net return with combined application of imazethapyr + quizalofop ethyl. However, significantly higher B:C ratio was associated with combined application of imazethapyr + quizalofop ethyl. Application of 50% RDF in weed management practices produced significantly higher pigeon pea yield than application of 100% RDF in weedy check. Hence, 50% RDF could be saved by adopting the weed management practices in pigeon pea.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"306 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112232
Jal D. Vashi
Plant hormones are compounds that can regulate the overall growth and development of plants and have a great influence throughout the lifecycle of plants. Various hormones act on the plant at different points of time depending on the vegetative or reproductive state of the plant. The effects of hormones on plants are quite complex to understand and a single plant hormone can have multiple effects on the growth and development of plants. They can help to regulate the homeostasis of plants under stress from both biotic and abiotic factors. Plant hormones have a very complex mode of interaction among themselves and how they influence plant development. There has always been more research done on understanding the individual plant hormone and their mechanism. More recent work focuses on complex problems like how different hormones work together to regulate the growth of plants. This mini-review article will focus on the five main hormones, their role in the growth and development of plants and their commercial uses in modern agriculture.
{"title":"Plant Hormones- Natural Growth Regulators","authors":"Jal D. Vashi","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112232","url":null,"abstract":"Plant hormones are compounds that can regulate the overall growth and development of plants and have a great influence throughout the lifecycle of plants. Various hormones act on the plant at different points of time depending on the vegetative or reproductive state of the plant. The effects of hormones on plants are quite complex to understand and a single plant hormone can have multiple effects on the growth and development of plants. They can help to regulate the homeostasis of plants under stress from both biotic and abiotic factors. Plant hormones have a very complex mode of interaction among themselves and how they influence plant development. There has always been more research done on understanding the individual plant hormone and their mechanism. More recent work focuses on complex problems like how different hormones work together to regulate the growth of plants. This mini-review article will focus on the five main hormones, their role in the growth and development of plants and their commercial uses in modern agriculture.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"53 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112233
Puspanjli Shukla, S. K. Sharma
The present study was conducted at the experimental field of College of Agriculture, Indore during 2018-2019.Soybean (cv. JS-9305), was grown with 80 kg ha-1 seed rate with row to row and plant to plant spacing of 40 cm X 5 cm. Soybean crop was grown as per standard cultural practices. The experiment was conducted with nine treatments viz., T1- unfertilized control, T2- 20 kg N + 13 kg P ha-1, T3- 30 kg N + 20 kg P ha-1, T4- 40 kg N + 26 kg P ha-1, T5- 60 kg N + 35 kg P ha-1, T6- 6 t ha-1 FYM + 20 kg N + 13 kg P, T7- 5 t ha-1 crop residues + 20 kg N + 13 kg P, T8- 6 t ha-1 FYM and T9- 5 t ha-1 crop residues (CR) laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) having three replications. Different K fractions in soil sample viz., water soluble-K, available-K, exchangeable-K, non-exchangeable-K, lattice-K and total-K were determined following standard methods. The mean values were grouped for comparisons and the least significant differences among them were calculated at p<0.05 confidence level using ANOVA statistics. The results of present study revealed that to sustain K status in Vertisol there is a need of K application along with organic manure/crop residue. The application of organics with and without N and P application can sustain the Lattice-K availability in long run under soybean based cropping system of Vertisols. The rate of chemical fertilizer can be reduced up to 50% due to long term application of 6 t ha-1 FYM or 5 t ha-1 crop residues are added to soil.
{"title":"Effect of Long-term Application of Organic, Inorganic and Integrated Nutrients on Soil Potassium Fractions in a Vertisol of Central India","authors":"Puspanjli Shukla, S. K. Sharma","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112233","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted at the experimental field of College of Agriculture, Indore during 2018-2019.Soybean (cv. JS-9305), was grown with 80 kg ha-1 seed rate with row to row and plant to plant spacing of 40 cm X 5 cm. Soybean crop was grown as per standard cultural practices. The experiment was conducted with nine treatments viz., T1- unfertilized control, T2- 20 kg N + 13 kg P ha-1, T3- 30 kg N + 20 kg P ha-1, T4- 40 kg N + 26 kg P ha-1, T5- 60 kg N + 35 kg P ha-1, T6- 6 t ha-1 FYM + 20 kg N + 13 kg P, T7- 5 t ha-1 crop residues + 20 kg N + 13 kg P, T8- 6 t ha-1 FYM and T9- 5 t ha-1 crop residues (CR) laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) having three replications. Different K fractions in soil sample viz., water soluble-K, available-K, exchangeable-K, non-exchangeable-K, lattice-K and total-K were determined following standard methods. The mean values were grouped for comparisons and the least significant differences among them were calculated at p<0.05 confidence level using ANOVA statistics. The results of present study revealed that to sustain K status in Vertisol there is a need of K application along with organic manure/crop residue. The application of organics with and without N and P application can sustain the Lattice-K availability in long run under soybean based cropping system of Vertisols. The rate of chemical fertilizer can be reduced up to 50% due to long term application of 6 t ha-1 FYM or 5 t ha-1 crop residues are added to soil.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112231
Krishna Kant
The paper assesses socio-economic, and technical efficiency of sugarcane farmers in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh. 120 farmers samples were collected from four villages in two blocks. The study point out that marginal farmers were more younger and medium farmers were more educated and wealthier than the others. The stochastic frontier model was used to find out the technical efficiency of sample farmers of sugarcane crop. The farm resources human labour, seed and irrigation found statically significant in all groups of farms. Inefficiency was impacted negatively and significantly by farm equipment and positively and significantly by family size; Farmers can improve profit efficiency by increasing farm equipment and a smaller number of family members was inversely affect the efficiency. Distribution of sugarcane farm maximum under 70-80 percent of 49 farms (40.0 per cent) and only 4 farms (3.30 per cent) have the maximum efficiency score above 90 per cent.
{"title":"Technical Efficiency in Sugarcane Crop - A Stochastics Frontier Analysis","authors":"Krishna Kant","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112231","url":null,"abstract":"The paper assesses socio-economic, and technical efficiency of sugarcane farmers in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh. 120 farmers samples were collected from four villages in two blocks. The study point out that marginal farmers were more younger and medium farmers were more educated and wealthier than the others. The stochastic frontier model was used to find out the technical efficiency of sample farmers of sugarcane crop. The farm resources human labour, seed and irrigation found statically significant in all groups of farms. Inefficiency was impacted negatively and significantly by farm equipment and positively and significantly by family size; Farmers can improve profit efficiency by increasing farm equipment and a smaller number of family members was inversely affect the efficiency. Distribution of sugarcane farm maximum under 70-80 percent of 49 farms (40.0 per cent) and only 4 farms (3.30 per cent) have the maximum efficiency score above 90 per cent.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"156 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112230
Adarsha Gopalakrishna Bhat, Vinayak Paradkar, None Aishwarya M. S., Pragya Balley, None Rema K. P.
Aims: This study aimed to determine geomorphological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed for understanding its hydrological behaviour, erosion susceptibility and geological characteristics.
Study Design: Morphometric analysis of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed was carried out using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) which is pivotal for sustainable resource management.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tavanur, Malappuram, Kerala during 2020-2021.
Methodology: The geomorphological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed were determined using GIS offering precise terrain insights to guide water resource planning, erosion control, infrastructure development and ecological conservation. Morphometric parameters were assessed based on linear, areal, and relief characteristics. USGS Earth Explorer platform was employed to download satellite images from multiple sources, including ISRO Resourcesat, Landsat, Sentinel, RADAR, and others. These images were then used to develop a Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map as well as other maps of the study area.
Results: The sub-watershed had a dendritic drainage pattern with a mean bifurcation ratio of 2.05, indicating easier flood management due to longer durations of low peak flows. The analysis revealed fine drainage, indicating a prevalence of soft rocks prone to erosion. The watershed had high relief and steep slopes, characterized by hills, breaks, and low mountains. The hypsometric curve indicated an equilibrium stage of geomorphic evolution. Morphometric parameters were grouped into three clusters at the sub-watershed level, demonstrating spatial variability. Forest/dense vegetation were the dominant land use, followed by rubber plantations and scrubland.
Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to understanding of the hydrological behaviour, erosion susceptibility and geological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed. It is useful for effective watershed management, erosion control and informed decision-making in land use planning and engineering projects.
{"title":"Geospatial Analysis of Kurumanpuzha Sub Watershed in the Chaliyar River Basin: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach for Geomorphological Assessment","authors":"Adarsha Gopalakrishna Bhat, Vinayak Paradkar, None Aishwarya M. S., Pragya Balley, None Rema K. P.","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112230","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to determine geomorphological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed for understanding its hydrological behaviour, erosion susceptibility and geological characteristics.
 Study Design: Morphometric analysis of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed was carried out using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) which is pivotal for sustainable resource management.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tavanur, Malappuram, Kerala during 2020-2021.
 Methodology: The geomorphological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed were determined using GIS offering precise terrain insights to guide water resource planning, erosion control, infrastructure development and ecological conservation. Morphometric parameters were assessed based on linear, areal, and relief characteristics. USGS Earth Explorer platform was employed to download satellite images from multiple sources, including ISRO Resourcesat, Landsat, Sentinel, RADAR, and others. These images were then used to develop a Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map as well as other maps of the study area.
 Results: The sub-watershed had a dendritic drainage pattern with a mean bifurcation ratio of 2.05, indicating easier flood management due to longer durations of low peak flows. The analysis revealed fine drainage, indicating a prevalence of soft rocks prone to erosion. The watershed had high relief and steep slopes, characterized by hills, breaks, and low mountains. The hypsometric curve indicated an equilibrium stage of geomorphic evolution. Morphometric parameters were grouped into three clusters at the sub-watershed level, demonstrating spatial variability. Forest/dense vegetation were the dominant land use, followed by rubber plantations and scrubland.
 Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to understanding of the hydrological behaviour, erosion susceptibility and geological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed. It is useful for effective watershed management, erosion control and informed decision-making in land use planning and engineering projects.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112229
P. Dhamodharan, M. Raguramakrishnan, N. Arivukkumar
In the summer season of 2021, a research study was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam. The primary objective was to assess how varying doses of humic acid, in addition with the recommended fertilizer dose, affected the growth and physiological characteristics of African Tall fodder maize and CO 9 fodder cowpea under intercropping system. The study was laid down by using randomized block design with 12 treatment combinations, each replicated three times to reduce the experimental error. The study's results highlighted that applying 125% of the recommended fertilizer dose, supplemented with enriched farmyard manure at a rate of 750 kg/ha, and applying 20 kg/ha of humic acid with addition of foliar spray treatments comprising 1.0% Urea and 0.5% CaCl2 (Treatment 8) were found to yield the highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, branches per plant, and increased dry matter production. Furthermore, this approach demonstrated superior physiological attributes, including agronomic growth rate, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate at various crop growth stages. Notably, this treatment also exhibited the largest leaf area when compared to control treatments (Treatment 12).
{"title":"Humic Acid as Combined with Different Levels of N-P-K Fertilizer and Farmyard Manure to Enhance a Fodder Maize-Cowpea Intercropping System","authors":"P. Dhamodharan, M. Raguramakrishnan, N. Arivukkumar","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112229","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer season of 2021, a research study was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam. The primary objective was to assess how varying doses of humic acid, in addition with the recommended fertilizer dose, affected the growth and physiological characteristics of African Tall fodder maize and CO 9 fodder cowpea under intercropping system. The study was laid down by using randomized block design with 12 treatment combinations, each replicated three times to reduce the experimental error. The study's results highlighted that applying 125% of the recommended fertilizer dose, supplemented with enriched farmyard manure at a rate of 750 kg/ha, and applying 20 kg/ha of humic acid with addition of foliar spray treatments comprising 1.0% Urea and 0.5% CaCl2 (Treatment 8) were found to yield the highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, branches per plant, and increased dry matter production. Furthermore, this approach demonstrated superior physiological attributes, including agronomic growth rate, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate at various crop growth stages. Notably, this treatment also exhibited the largest leaf area when compared to control treatments (Treatment 12).","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102228
A. P. Bowlekar, K. K. Sathian, Vaisakh Venu
Quantitative information on an area’s water balance components is essential to plan water management activities. In most cases, these water balance components, viz. rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, groundwater storage, and evapotranspiration, will be missing, especially in the developing world. At the same time, most countries have rainfall data in a reasonably acceptable spatial resolution. Hence, if a relationship between rainfall and other water balance components can be developed, then using these relations, the values of those water balance components can be determined. Hence, a study has been taken up in which important water balance components, viz. rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, the height of groundwater table from MSL, and evapotranspiration, are measured from a watershed, and the relationship between rainfall and other components have been determined through regression analysis. R software was used to determine relationships between rainfall and other water balance components. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between rainfall vs. runoff was 0.83, rainfall vs. soil moisture was 0.80, rainfall vs. the height of GW table from MSL was 0.72, and rainfall vs. evapotranspiration was -0.64, which indicates a good correlation in the majority of the cases. The relationship between rainfall vs. runoff, rainfall vs. soil moisture, rainfall vs. the height of the GW table, and rainfall vs. evapotranspiration was a polynomial equation with degrees 4, 3, 5, and 3, respectively. The study concludes that it is possible to estimate most other water balance components using the regression estimates by measuring the rainfall. These relationships can be used effectively in water management programs.
{"title":"Rainfall Versus Water Balance Components Using R Software: A Case Study on a Micro-watershed in the Mid-lands of Kerala","authors":"A. P. Bowlekar, K. K. Sathian, Vaisakh Venu","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102228","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative information on an area’s water balance components is essential to plan water management activities. In most cases, these water balance components, viz. rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, groundwater storage, and evapotranspiration, will be missing, especially in the developing world. At the same time, most countries have rainfall data in a reasonably acceptable spatial resolution. Hence, if a relationship between rainfall and other water balance components can be developed, then using these relations, the values of those water balance components can be determined. Hence, a study has been taken up in which important water balance components, viz. rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, the height of groundwater table from MSL, and evapotranspiration, are measured from a watershed, and the relationship between rainfall and other components have been determined through regression analysis. R software was used to determine relationships between rainfall and other water balance components. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between rainfall vs. runoff was 0.83, rainfall vs. soil moisture was 0.80, rainfall vs. the height of GW table from MSL was 0.72, and rainfall vs. evapotranspiration was -0.64, which indicates a good correlation in the majority of the cases. The relationship between rainfall vs. runoff, rainfall vs. soil moisture, rainfall vs. the height of the GW table, and rainfall vs. evapotranspiration was a polynomial equation with degrees 4, 3, 5, and 3, respectively. The study concludes that it is possible to estimate most other water balance components using the regression estimates by measuring the rainfall. These relationships can be used effectively in water management programs.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102227
M. A. Khan, M. M. Rahman, S. N. Mozumder, R. Sarker
An experiment was laid out at farm of Spices Research Sub-Centre (SRSC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Faridpur, Bangladesh during the winter season of 2021-2022. The study comprised 3 new varieties viz. BARI Piaz-4, BARI Piaz-6 and LalTeer King, while BARI Piaz-1 was used in the study as check. The trial was conducted to explore potentialities of new developed varieties for getting higher yield and quality of onion in set to bulb method. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The finding depicted that the varieties responded significantly on the parameters studied except days to maturity of bulb and disease rating. The variety BARI Piaz-4 and LalTeer King showed the best performance on the basis of incidence of bolting, split bulb, diameter of bulb, individual bulb weight and yield of onion. On the other hand, BARI Piaz-1 had the highest dry matter content and total soluble solid content against other varieties. Finally, new developed varieties such as BARI Piaz-4 and LalTeer King would be used for getting higher yield of early green onions in set to bulb method.
{"title":"Performance of Varieties on the Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa l.) through Set to Bulb Method","authors":"M. A. Khan, M. M. Rahman, S. N. Mozumder, R. Sarker","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102227","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was laid out at farm of Spices Research Sub-Centre (SRSC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Faridpur, Bangladesh during the winter season of 2021-2022. The study comprised 3 new varieties viz. BARI Piaz-4, BARI Piaz-6 and LalTeer King, while BARI Piaz-1 was used in the study as check. The trial was conducted to explore potentialities of new developed varieties for getting higher yield and quality of onion in set to bulb method. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The finding depicted that the varieties responded significantly on the parameters studied except days to maturity of bulb and disease rating. The variety BARI Piaz-4 and LalTeer King showed the best performance on the basis of incidence of bolting, split bulb, diameter of bulb, individual bulb weight and yield of onion. On the other hand, BARI Piaz-1 had the highest dry matter content and total soluble solid content against other varieties. Finally, new developed varieties such as BARI Piaz-4 and LalTeer King would be used for getting higher yield of early green onions in set to bulb method.","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In particular, the nutrient cycle, soil erosion, carbon sequestration, and many different ecological systems are all impacted by current agriculture tactics. Sustainable development's negative environmental and ecological effects can be reduced through organic farming. Utilizing more organic materials in cultivation practices might decrease environmental damage by preserving the natural cycles of the environment's vegetation during the restoration process. Organic farming can also raise food quality. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones, and feed additives for farm animals may also be substantially avoided in organic farming. To minimize the constraints and difficult circumstances of natural farming, a combination of organic farming and new technology is of utmost importance. Innovative techniques and cutting-edge ideas are bringing farming systems closer to sustainability while also improving rural productivity and the quality of life for many farmers in a way that is good for the environment. Not only does soil provide food and nutritional support, but it also has many environmental benefits to give. Although it takes centuries to form one millimeter of soil, soil is regarded as a non-renewable resource. The phrase "Soil health" is one of the most frequently used one in agriculture. Agriculture can only continue to be sustainable if the soil is healthy. Numerous issues have put "soil health" in danger, including declining soil fertility, a lack of natural carbon and biodiversity in the soil, salinization, acidification, pollution, and soil erosion and degradation. As stated by FAO, "Soil management is sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
{"title":"Sustainable Soil Utilization and Agriculture Production: Recommendations towards Achieving Sustainability","authors":"Banwari Lal Meena, Tarence Thomas, Bahadur Singh Meena","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i102226","url":null,"abstract":"In particular, the nutrient cycle, soil erosion, carbon sequestration, and many different ecological systems are all impacted by current agriculture tactics. Sustainable development's negative environmental and ecological effects can be reduced through organic farming. Utilizing more organic materials in cultivation practices might decrease environmental damage by preserving the natural cycles of the environment's vegetation during the restoration process. Organic farming can also raise food quality. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones, and feed additives for farm animals may also be substantially avoided in organic farming. To minimize the constraints and difficult circumstances of natural farming, a combination of organic farming and new technology is of utmost importance. Innovative techniques and cutting-edge ideas are bringing farming systems closer to sustainability while also improving rural productivity and the quality of life for many farmers in a way that is good for the environment. Not only does soil provide food and nutritional support, but it also has many environmental benefits to give. Although it takes centuries to form one millimeter of soil, soil is regarded as a non-renewable resource. The phrase \"Soil health\" is one of the most frequently used one in agriculture. Agriculture can only continue to be sustainable if the soil is healthy. Numerous issues have put \"soil health\" in danger, including declining soil fertility, a lack of natural carbon and biodiversity in the soil, salinization, acidification, pollution, and soil erosion and degradation. As stated by FAO, \"Soil management is sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.\"","PeriodicalId":477440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental agriculture international","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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