Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1937953
C. Lutz, Maximilian Banning, L. Ahmann, Markus Flaute
Increases in energy efficiency are reduced by the rebound effect. Efficiency gains on the micro level do not lead to proportionate reductions of energy consumption on the macro level. The German energy-economy model PANTA RHEI is applied to better understand the rebound effect. To get more robust estimates micro data from a cost structure survey of the German manufacturing sector was used to derive price elasticities of energy demand. The mesoeconomic rebound effect of an autonomous increase in energy efficiency at the industry level in manufacturing is between 7% in 2021 and 12% in 2030. The macroeconomic rebound effect lies between 12% in 2021 and 18% in 2030. Inclusion of necessary investment and assumptions of higher elasticities of substitution increase the effects. Rebound effects limit the scope of technology-driven efficiency improvements and must be considered in the design of ambitious energy efficiency programs and climate policies.
{"title":"Energy efficiency and rebound effects in German industry – evidence from macroeconometric modeling","authors":"C. Lutz, Maximilian Banning, L. Ahmann, Markus Flaute","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2021.1937953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2021.1937953","url":null,"abstract":"Increases in energy efficiency are reduced by the rebound effect. Efficiency gains on the micro level do not lead to proportionate reductions of energy consumption on the macro level. The German energy-economy model PANTA RHEI is applied to better understand the rebound effect. To get more robust estimates micro data from a cost structure survey of the German manufacturing sector was used to derive price elasticities of energy demand. The mesoeconomic rebound effect of an autonomous increase in energy efficiency at the industry level in manufacturing is between 7% in 2021 and 12% in 2030. The macroeconomic rebound effect lies between 12% in 2021 and 18% in 2030. Inclusion of necessary investment and assumptions of higher elasticities of substitution increase the effects. Rebound effects limit the scope of technology-driven efficiency improvements and must be considered in the design of ambitious energy efficiency programs and climate policies.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"253 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2021.1937953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42546594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1935219
Timon Bohn, S. Brakman, E. Dietzenbacher
Globalization has brought about concerns of domestic job losses due to outsourcing to countries like China. The ‘employment footprint’ concept provides new insights into the implications of trade for employment. Using this approach for the period of 1995–2008, we analyze the relation of US jobs with international trade, particularly with China. Furthermore, we compare the US employment footprint with its labor endowment to assess if the country could be self-sufficient in terms of labor. We find that the US’s consumption increasingly depends on foreign workers. The country ‘consumes’ more labor than is nationally available; thus, self-sufficiency is not possible under realistic assumptions. Moreover, the US has benefited from jobs – especially in services – generated by the world economy. Referring to Albee’s famous play about living in illusions, we use ‘Virginia Wu’ as a Chinese version of ‘Virginia Woolf’ to argue that the perceived threat of China (Virginia Wu) is only an illusion.
{"title":"Who’s afraid of Virginia Wu? US employment footprints and self-sufficiency","authors":"Timon Bohn, S. Brakman, E. Dietzenbacher","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2021.1935219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2021.1935219","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has brought about concerns of domestic job losses due to outsourcing to countries like China. The ‘employment footprint’ concept provides new insights into the implications of trade for employment. Using this approach for the period of 1995–2008, we analyze the relation of US jobs with international trade, particularly with China. Furthermore, we compare the US employment footprint with its labor endowment to assess if the country could be self-sufficient in terms of labor. We find that the US’s consumption increasingly depends on foreign workers. The country ‘consumes’ more labor than is nationally available; thus, self-sufficiency is not possible under realistic assumptions. Moreover, the US has benefited from jobs – especially in services – generated by the world economy. Referring to Albee’s famous play about living in illusions, we use ‘Virginia Wu’ as a Chinese version of ‘Virginia Woolf’ to argue that the perceived threat of China (Virginia Wu) is only an illusion.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"469 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2021.1935219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43440529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1919603
Łukasz Lach
Recent input–output (IO) literature offers original proposals on using linear programming (LP) to make ‘tolerable limits’ approach suitable for measuring the importance of IO coefficients to an economy. In this paper, I focus on one of such influential proposals presented in Tarancón et al. [(2008). A revision of the tolerable limits approach: searching for the important coefficients. Economic Systems Research, 20, 75–95]. In the theoretical part of this paper, I provide exact analytical solutions to the LP problems formulated in Tarancón et al. The main result proves that the classification of IO coefficients with respect to their importance in the sense of the LP-based indicators of Tarancón et al. does not depend on the benchmark welfare measure of interest. This fact, in turn, severely reduces practical applicability of the discussed LP-based approach to tracing important IO coefficients.
{"title":"On the plausibility of using linear programming to trace important input–output coefficients in the framework of tolerable limits","authors":"Łukasz Lach","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2021.1919603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2021.1919603","url":null,"abstract":"Recent input–output (IO) literature offers original proposals on using linear programming (LP) to make ‘tolerable limits’ approach suitable for measuring the importance of IO coefficients to an economy. In this paper, I focus on one of such influential proposals presented in Tarancón et al. [(2008). A revision of the tolerable limits approach: searching for the important coefficients. Economic Systems Research, 20, 75–95]. In the theoretical part of this paper, I provide exact analytical solutions to the LP problems formulated in Tarancón et al. The main result proves that the classification of IO coefficients with respect to their importance in the sense of the LP-based indicators of Tarancón et al. does not depend on the benchmark welfare measure of interest. This fact, in turn, severely reduces practical applicability of the discussed LP-based approach to tracing important IO coefficients.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"417 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2021.1919603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1883552
T. Hanaka, Keiichiro Kanemoto, S. Kagawa
ABSTRACT Determining the structural positions and characteristics of multi-role sectors is critical for understanding supply chain networks. Thus, in this study, we developed an attribution analysis framework to assess the structure of sectors with multiple roles in a supply chain. Subsequently, we applied the framework in a case study, where the top-ranking Japanese sectors were identified for production-oriented, betweenness-oriented, and consumption-oriented carbon dioxide emission scores. Additionally, these attribution indicators were utilized to identify/visualize the structural positions of sectors. Using company-level data, we also evaluated the structural positions of Japanese companies in relation to their carbon disclosure project (CDP) reporting practices. The results demonstrate that a company's role in the supply chain is unlikely to be related to CDP reporting.
{"title":"Multi-perspective structural analysis of supply chain networks","authors":"T. Hanaka, Keiichiro Kanemoto, S. Kagawa","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2021.1883552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2021.1883552","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Determining the structural positions and characteristics of multi-role sectors is critical for understanding supply chain networks. Thus, in this study, we developed an attribution analysis framework to assess the structure of sectors with multiple roles in a supply chain. Subsequently, we applied the framework in a case study, where the top-ranking Japanese sectors were identified for production-oriented, betweenness-oriented, and consumption-oriented carbon dioxide emission scores. Additionally, these attribution indicators were utilized to identify/visualize the structural positions of sectors. Using company-level data, we also evaluated the structural positions of Japanese companies in relation to their carbon disclosure project (CDP) reporting practices. The results demonstrate that a company's role in the supply chain is unlikely to be related to CDP reporting.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"199 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2021.1883552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42099276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1883553
J. M. Valderas‐Jaramillo, J. Rueda‐Cantuche, Joerg Beutel
The main objective of this paper is to revisit the Euro method in a critical and constructive way. We have analysed some arguments against the Euro method published recently in the literature as well as some other relevant aspects of the SUT-Euro and SUT-RAS methods not covered before. Although not being the Euro method perfect, we believe that there is still space for the use of the Euro method in updating/regionalizing Supply and Use tables.
{"title":"The Euro and SUT-RAS methods: some further considerations","authors":"J. M. Valderas‐Jaramillo, J. Rueda‐Cantuche, Joerg Beutel","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2021.1883553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2021.1883553","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to revisit the Euro method in a critical and constructive way. We have analysed some arguments against the Euro method published recently in the literature as well as some other relevant aspects of the SUT-Euro and SUT-RAS methods not covered before. Although not being the Euro method perfect, we believe that there is still space for the use of the Euro method in updating/regionalizing Supply and Use tables.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"276 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2021.1883553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1887089
J. Cubells, M. Latorre
We offer a rich set of macroeconomic and sectoral effects of Brexit in France, together with macroeconomic ones for the UK, the rest of the EU and the rest of the world. We explain the intuition for the impact on production and trade across the 21 sectors that underlie our macroeconomic estimations (national imports and exports, output, GDP, welfare, wages and rental rate of capital). Our comprehensive technique captures the direct and indirect effects of Brexit on trade. Four types of withdrawal are analysed, including the finally agreed between the EU and the UK on December 2020. This will avoid tariffs, but other medium size (non-tariff) barriers will emerge. The UK, France and the rest of the EU will be harmed by Brexit, although asymmetrically. While Brexit will substantially harm the UK economy, the negative impact on France and the rest of the EU will be limited and similar.
{"title":"Brexit deal done! A detailed micro- and macroeconomic analysis of its fallout","authors":"J. Cubells, M. Latorre","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2021.1887089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2021.1887089","url":null,"abstract":"We offer a rich set of macroeconomic and sectoral effects of Brexit in France, together with macroeconomic ones for the UK, the rest of the EU and the rest of the world. We explain the intuition for the impact on production and trade across the 21 sectors that underlie our macroeconomic estimations (national imports and exports, output, GDP, welfare, wages and rental rate of capital). Our comprehensive technique captures the direct and indirect effects of Brexit on trade. Four types of withdrawal are analysed, including the finally agreed between the EU and the UK on December 2020. This will avoid tariffs, but other medium size (non-tariff) barriers will emerge. The UK, France and the rest of the EU will be harmed by Brexit, although asymmetrically. While Brexit will substantially harm the UK economy, the negative impact on France and the rest of the EU will be limited and similar.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"171 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2021.1887089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44319459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2021.1926934
Anton Pichler, J. Farmer
Natural and anthropogenic disasters frequently affect both the supply and demand sides of an economy. A striking recent example is the Covid-19 pandemic which has created severe disruptions to economic output in most countries. These direct shocks to supply and demand will propagate downstream and upstream through production networks. Given the exogenous shocks, we derive a lower bound on total shock propagation. We find that even in this best case scenario network effects substantially amplify the initial shocks. To obtain more realistic model predictions, we study the propagation of shocks bottom-up by imposing different rationing rules on industries if they are not able to satisfy incoming demand. Our results show that economic impacts depend strongly on the emergence of input bottlenecks, making the rationing assumption a key variable in predicting adverse economic impacts. We further establish that the magnitude of initial shocks and network density heavily influence model predictions.
{"title":"Simultaneous supply and demand constraints in input–output networks: the case of Covid-19 in Germany, Italy, and Spain","authors":"Anton Pichler, J. Farmer","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2021.1926934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2021.1926934","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and anthropogenic disasters frequently affect both the supply and demand sides of an economy. A striking recent example is the Covid-19 pandemic which has created severe disruptions to economic output in most countries. These direct shocks to supply and demand will propagate downstream and upstream through production networks. Given the exogenous shocks, we derive a lower bound on total shock propagation. We find that even in this best case scenario network effects substantially amplify the initial shocks. To obtain more realistic model predictions, we study the propagation of shocks bottom-up by imposing different rationing rules on industries if they are not able to satisfy incoming demand. Our results show that economic impacts depend strongly on the emergence of input bottlenecks, making the rationing assumption a key variable in predicting adverse economic impacts. We further establish that the magnitude of initial shocks and network density heavily influence model predictions.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"273 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49533429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-08DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1869701
B. Michel, Caroline Hambÿe
ABSTRACT Exports matter for domestic employment in both export-producing firms and upstream suppliers. Their total effect can be captured through an input–output-based indicator of export-sustained employment. However, as industry classifications used in regular input–output tables are based on product similarity, they fail to account for within-industry technological heterogeneity between exporters and other firms, which may lead to a bias in results for export-sustained employment. In this paper, we describe the breakdown of manufacturing industries into export-oriented and domestic-oriented firms in Belgian input–output tables and employment data based on detailed firm-level data for industry totals and input–output structures. Based on the resulting export-heterogeneous tables, we find that 585,000 jobs or 13% of economy-wide employment in Belgium is sustained by manufacturing exports. This is overestimated by 4% with regular tables. Moreover, we identify who contributes to and who gains from exports for groups of firms rather than aggregated industries.
{"title":"Export-sustained employment: accounting for exporter-heterogeneity in input–output tables","authors":"B. Michel, Caroline Hambÿe","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2020.1869701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2020.1869701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Exports matter for domestic employment in both export-producing firms and upstream suppliers. Their total effect can be captured through an input–output-based indicator of export-sustained employment. However, as industry classifications used in regular input–output tables are based on product similarity, they fail to account for within-industry technological heterogeneity between exporters and other firms, which may lead to a bias in results for export-sustained employment. In this paper, we describe the breakdown of manufacturing industries into export-oriented and domestic-oriented firms in Belgian input–output tables and employment data based on detailed firm-level data for industry totals and input–output structures. Based on the resulting export-heterogeneous tables, we find that 585,000 jobs or 13% of economy-wide employment in Belgium is sustained by manufacturing exports. This is overestimated by 4% with regular tables. Moreover, we identify who contributes to and who gains from exports for groups of firms rather than aggregated industries.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"215 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2020.1869701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49007736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Having recognised the significant role of natural gas in reducing carbon abatement costs, China is rapidly promoting its growth. However, obvious distortions exist in China’s natural gas market, and it is unclear how these may affect abatement policies going forward. Therefore, to assess the effects of energy market distortions on the carbon marginal abatement costs (MACs) in China, this study proposes a computable general equilibrium model for China’s natural gas sector, which considers the monopoly market structure, price regulation, and import restrictions. Results show that deregulation of gas prices will lead to an effective decrease in China’s MACs. China’s MACs are insensitive to liberalisation of the market monopoly or gas import restrictions. When all three distortions are fully deregulated, China’s MACs show an obvious upward trend. Finally, this study uses China's carbon trading policies as an example to propose policy implications under different scenarios of natural gas market reform.
{"title":"How will natural gas market reforms affect carbon marginal abatement costs? Evidence from China","authors":"Hong-Dian Jiang, Meimei Xue, Kangyin Dong, Qiao-Mei Liang","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2020.1868410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2020.1868410","url":null,"abstract":"Having recognised the significant role of natural gas in reducing carbon abatement costs, China is rapidly promoting its growth. However, obvious distortions exist in China’s natural gas market, and it is unclear how these may affect abatement policies going forward. Therefore, to assess the effects of energy market distortions on the carbon marginal abatement costs (MACs) in China, this study proposes a computable general equilibrium model for China’s natural gas sector, which considers the monopoly market structure, price regulation, and import restrictions. Results show that deregulation of gas prices will lead to an effective decrease in China’s MACs. China’s MACs are insensitive to liberalisation of the market monopoly or gas import restrictions. When all three distortions are fully deregulated, China’s MACs show an obvious upward trend. Finally, this study uses China's carbon trading policies as an example to propose policy implications under different scenarios of natural gas market reform.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"129 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2020.1868410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1867078
Claudia Montanía, S. Dall’erba
Shift-share decomposition has been extensively used to identify the key drivers of sectoral and regional economic growth. Traditionally, shift-share does not pay attention to any form of interregional externalities and the rare exceptions define them based on geographical proximity only. However, given the increasing role of global value chains in economic growth, this paper introduces the Multi-dynamic interregional input-output shift-share decomposition in order to capture the dynamic intersectoral relationships between a spatial unit and any other unit it trades with. The methodology is illustrated on 35 productive sectors of 15 European Union countries over 1995–2006. The results show that the most important driver of output growth in these countries are their sectoral linkages with other European countries, followed by the domestic sectoral linkages.
{"title":"Multi-dynamic interregional input-output shift-share: model, theory and application","authors":"Claudia Montanía, S. Dall’erba","doi":"10.1080/09535314.2020.1867078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2020.1867078","url":null,"abstract":"Shift-share decomposition has been extensively used to identify the key drivers of sectoral and regional economic growth. Traditionally, shift-share does not pay attention to any form of interregional externalities and the rare exceptions define them based on geographical proximity only. However, given the increasing role of global value chains in economic growth, this paper introduces the Multi-dynamic interregional input-output shift-share decomposition in order to capture the dynamic intersectoral relationships between a spatial unit and any other unit it trades with. The methodology is illustrated on 35 productive sectors of 15 European Union countries over 1995–2006. The results show that the most important driver of output growth in these countries are their sectoral linkages with other European countries, followed by the domestic sectoral linkages.","PeriodicalId":47760,"journal":{"name":"Economic Systems Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"234 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09535314.2020.1867078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42692809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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