Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1177/17479541241243180
Kathryn Dane, Stephen W West, Sharief Hendricks, Anna Stodter, Caithriona Yeomans, Nicol van Dyk, Steffan Griffin, Fiona Wilson
The coaching and performance context in women's rugby is not well understood, despite growing popularity worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes and tackle training practices of women's rugby coaches in relation to tackle safety and performance. A globally distributed online survey exploring coaches’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards tackling women's rugby was completed by 357 coaches (mean age 41 ± 0.6 years) from 58 countries. The cross-sectional survey was distributed from March 2023 to June 2023. Survey development was guided by the Health Action Process Approach and informed by coaching experts, research evidence synthesis, and guidelines for international tackle safety programmes. Coaches believed that the risk of tackle injury in women's rugby is high and that proper tackle technique for safety is very important. More than 75% of coaches had never completed a tackle-specific training course, with only 39% aware of the availability of such courses. Time spent on controlled-contact and full-contact activities varied from 0 to 40+ min per week, averaging 10–20 min for both types of training. Barriers to the effectiveness of tackle training related to sociocultural factors, coach knowledge gaps, training environments, and player training considerations. Coach education, improved infrastructures, and physical development were ranked the highest priorities for improving tackle safety and performance. These findings inform future implementation strategies for tackle safety and performance in the context of women's rugby, highlighting the need to involve coaches in providing practical solutions, and the role of education and institutional/organisational support in facilitating such improvements.
{"title":"A global survey exploring tackle training knowledge, attitudes and practices of women's rugby union coaches","authors":"Kathryn Dane, Stephen W West, Sharief Hendricks, Anna Stodter, Caithriona Yeomans, Nicol van Dyk, Steffan Griffin, Fiona Wilson","doi":"10.1177/17479541241243180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241243180","url":null,"abstract":"The coaching and performance context in women's rugby is not well understood, despite growing popularity worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes and tackle training practices of women's rugby coaches in relation to tackle safety and performance. A globally distributed online survey exploring coaches’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards tackling women's rugby was completed by 357 coaches (mean age 41 ± 0.6 years) from 58 countries. The cross-sectional survey was distributed from March 2023 to June 2023. Survey development was guided by the Health Action Process Approach and informed by coaching experts, research evidence synthesis, and guidelines for international tackle safety programmes. Coaches believed that the risk of tackle injury in women's rugby is high and that proper tackle technique for safety is very important. More than 75% of coaches had never completed a tackle-specific training course, with only 39% aware of the availability of such courses. Time spent on controlled-contact and full-contact activities varied from 0 to 40+ min per week, averaging 10–20 min for both types of training. Barriers to the effectiveness of tackle training related to sociocultural factors, coach knowledge gaps, training environments, and player training considerations. Coach education, improved infrastructures, and physical development were ranked the highest priorities for improving tackle safety and performance. These findings inform future implementation strategies for tackle safety and performance in the context of women's rugby, highlighting the need to involve coaches in providing practical solutions, and the role of education and institutional/organisational support in facilitating such improvements.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Athlete selection, as a crucial step for the success of competitive sports, is the last hurdle in the whole sports talent cultivation chain, which is related to the stability and sustainable development of the sports. In athlete selection, coaches play the role of decision-makers in selecting the most suitable athletes for a specific sport or competition from a large pool of talented athletes. Therefore, understanding how coaches’ decisions impact athlete selection is crucial in establishing selection rules, formulating effective decision-making, and developing accurate athlete development policies. This review was conducted by searching the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases for English-language literature on coaching decision-making and talent selection, and screening and categorizing the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 10 articles were included in this review. Based on the meta-synthesis findings, coaches’ decision-making styles, intuition, and abilities play a significant role in athlete selection. Additionally, coaches’ personalities are also an important factor that influences their decision-making process in identifying and selecting talented players. This review also emphasizes that coach decision-making is essential not only in athlete selection, but also in athlete detection, identification, and development, as coach behavior affects the success of the entire team. In addition, reinforcement of professional competence development and maintenance of continuous learning for coaches is the requirement of the times and the key to the success of athlete selection.
运动员选拔作为竞技体育成败的关键一步，是整个体育人才培养链条中的最后一关，关系到体育运动的稳定和可持续发展。在运动员选拔中，教练员扮演着决策者的角色，从众多优秀运动员中选拔出最适合特定运动或比赛的运动员。因此，了解教练员的决策如何影响运动员的选拔，对于建立选拔规则、制定有效的决策和制定准确的运动员培养政策至关重要。本综述通过在 Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库中搜索有关教练决策和人才选拔的英文文献，并根据系统综述和元分析首选报告项目（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses，PRISMA）指南对文献进行筛选和分类。本综述共收录了 10 篇文章。根据元综合研究结果，教练员的决策风格、直觉和能力在运动员选拔中起着重要作用。此外，教练员的个性也是影响其发现和选拔优秀运动员决策过程的一个重要因素。这篇综述还强调，教练的决策不仅在运动员选拔中至关重要，在运动员的发现、识别和发展中也是如此，因为教练的行为会影响整个团队的成功。此外，加强教练员的专业能力培养和保持持续学习是时代的要求，也是运动员选拔成功的关键。
{"title":"How coaches’ decision-making affect athlete selection: A systematic review and meta-synthesis","authors":"Changqing Xiang, Jie Zhao, Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden, Wenting Dong, Hua Luo, Normala Ismail","doi":"10.1177/17479541241245852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241245852","url":null,"abstract":"Athlete selection, as a crucial step for the success of competitive sports, is the last hurdle in the whole sports talent cultivation chain, which is related to the stability and sustainable development of the sports. In athlete selection, coaches play the role of decision-makers in selecting the most suitable athletes for a specific sport or competition from a large pool of talented athletes. Therefore, understanding how coaches’ decisions impact athlete selection is crucial in establishing selection rules, formulating effective decision-making, and developing accurate athlete development policies. This review was conducted by searching the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases for English-language literature on coaching decision-making and talent selection, and screening and categorizing the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 10 articles were included in this review. Based on the meta-synthesis findings, coaches’ decision-making styles, intuition, and abilities play a significant role in athlete selection. Additionally, coaches’ personalities are also an important factor that influences their decision-making process in identifying and selecting talented players. This review also emphasizes that coach decision-making is essential not only in athlete selection, but also in athlete detection, identification, and development, as coach behavior affects the success of the entire team. In addition, reinforcement of professional competence development and maintenance of continuous learning for coaches is the requirement of the times and the key to the success of athlete selection.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1177/17479541241244581
Bo-Ying Chen, Wei-Han Chen, Yu Liu, Nicholas J Fiolo, Philip X Fuchs, Chen-Fu Huang, Tzyy-Yuang Shiang
This study assessed the effects of squat training with different velocity loss (VL) thresholds on squat strength, heavy-load squat velocity (HLSV), light-load squat velocity (LLSV), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and sprint time (ST). A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Meta-analysis was used to examine effects of trainings with different VL thresholds and used meta-regression to examine the interaction effects (correlation) between training effects and VL in different performance-based outcomes. Our systematic search yielded 1017 articles, 13 of which were included in the present study. Meta-analysis revealed that resistance training with both low (0%–20%) and high (30%–45%) VL thresholds improved squat strength, HLSV, LLSV, and CMJ height, but only low VL improved ST ( p < 0.05). Training gains for HLSV, LLSV, CMJ ( p = 0.088), and ST with low VL were superior to those with high VL ( p < 0.05). Meta-regression revealed that CMJ ( p = 0.076) and ST ( p = 0.010) demonstrated improvements as VL decreased in the range of 0% to 45%. In conclusion, squat resistance training with low (≤20%) VL provides relatively more effective training stimuli, improving performance in power and speed tasks. Optimal VL ranges may be in the range 10% to 20%, ≤20%, and ≤10% for the HLSV and LLSV, CMJ, and ST, respectively.
本研究评估了不同速度损失（VL）阈值的深蹲训练对深蹲力量、重负荷深蹲速度（HLSV）、轻负荷深蹲速度（LLSV）、反运动跳跃（CMJ）高度和冲刺时间（ST）的影响。对电子数据库进行了系统性检索。使用元分析来研究不同VL阈值的训练效果，并使用元回归来研究训练效果与VL在不同成绩结果中的交互作用（相关性）。我们的系统性搜索共获得 1017 篇文章，其中 13 篇被纳入本研究。元分析表明，采用低（0%-20%）和高（30%-45%）VL阈值进行阻力训练可提高深蹲力量、HLSV、LLSV和CMJ高度，但只有低VL可提高ST（p <0.05）。低 VL 在 HLSV、LLSV、CMJ ( p = 0.088) 和 ST 方面的训练收益优于高 VL ( p < 0.05)。元回归显示，随着 VL 在 0% 至 45% 的范围内下降，CMJ ( p = 0.076) 和 ST ( p = 0.010) 均有改善。总之，低（≤20%）VL 深蹲阻力训练能提供相对更有效的训练刺激，提高力量和速度任务的表现。最佳VL范围可能在10%到20%之间，≤20%和≤10%，分别用于HLSV和LLSV、CMJ和ST。
{"title":"The effects of velocity loss thresholds during resistance training on lower-limb performance enhancement: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Bo-Ying Chen, Wei-Han Chen, Yu Liu, Nicholas J Fiolo, Philip X Fuchs, Chen-Fu Huang, Tzyy-Yuang Shiang","doi":"10.1177/17479541241244581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241244581","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the effects of squat training with different velocity loss (VL) thresholds on squat strength, heavy-load squat velocity (HLSV), light-load squat velocity (LLSV), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and sprint time (ST). A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Meta-analysis was used to examine effects of trainings with different VL thresholds and used meta-regression to examine the interaction effects (correlation) between training effects and VL in different performance-based outcomes. Our systematic search yielded 1017 articles, 13 of which were included in the present study. Meta-analysis revealed that resistance training with both low (0%–20%) and high (30%–45%) VL thresholds improved squat strength, HLSV, LLSV, and CMJ height, but only low VL improved ST ( p < 0.05). Training gains for HLSV, LLSV, CMJ ( p = 0.088), and ST with low VL were superior to those with high VL ( p < 0.05). Meta-regression revealed that CMJ ( p = 0.076) and ST ( p = 0.010) demonstrated improvements as VL decreased in the range of 0% to 45%. In conclusion, squat resistance training with low (≤20%) VL provides relatively more effective training stimuli, improving performance in power and speed tasks. Optimal VL ranges may be in the range 10% to 20%, ≤20%, and ≤10% for the HLSV and LLSV, CMJ, and ST, respectively.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1177/17479541241247308
John H. Challis
In training for many sports, balls of different masses are thrown. This study examined how ball mass influences distance thrown. Based on geometric scaling principles a relationship was derived between ball mass and throw distance: throw distance was inversely proportional to ball mass. This relationship was tested in two ways. The first approach was using athlete shot put throw distances with different shot masses, and hammer throws performed with different mass hammers. These experimental data were better represented by the non-linear relationship, derived from geometric scaling principles, than assuming a simple linear relationship. The second approach was to use a simulation model to predict throw distance for balls of different masses. The model contained realistic segmental inertial properties, activation dynamics, moment-joint angle properties, and moment-joint angular velocity properties. The non-linear relationship provided a better fit to the results of the simulations compared with a linear model. The experimental and modeling results support the theoretical relationship derived between distance thrown and ball mass. The relationship has utility for coaches monitoring and planning the training of athletes which incorporates throwing different mass balls.
{"title":"The relationship between ball mass and throw distance: Implications for coaching practice","authors":"John H. Challis","doi":"10.1177/17479541241247308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241247308","url":null,"abstract":"In training for many sports, balls of different masses are thrown. This study examined how ball mass influences distance thrown. Based on geometric scaling principles a relationship was derived between ball mass and throw distance: throw distance was inversely proportional to ball mass. This relationship was tested in two ways. The first approach was using athlete shot put throw distances with different shot masses, and hammer throws performed with different mass hammers. These experimental data were better represented by the non-linear relationship, derived from geometric scaling principles, than assuming a simple linear relationship. The second approach was to use a simulation model to predict throw distance for balls of different masses. The model contained realistic segmental inertial properties, activation dynamics, moment-joint angle properties, and moment-joint angular velocity properties. The non-linear relationship provided a better fit to the results of the simulations compared with a linear model. The experimental and modeling results support the theoretical relationship derived between distance thrown and ball mass. The relationship has utility for coaches monitoring and planning the training of athletes which incorporates throwing different mass balls.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140611646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1177/17479541241247411
Philip E. Kearney, Oliver Logan, Alan Dunton, Edward K. Coughlan
{"title":"The adaptable coach – A critical review of the practical implications for traditional and constraints–led approaches in sports coaching: A commentary","authors":"Philip E. Kearney, Oliver Logan, Alan Dunton, Edward K. Coughlan","doi":"10.1177/17479541241247411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241247411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140611261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coaches’ emotional expression significantly influences sport environments and is mediated by the social and cultural construction of emotions. Therefore, this study aims to culturally adapt the Assessment of Coach Emotions for the Spanish sports context (ACE-E), provide evidence of its validity and reliability, and propose a suitable model for adapting observation instruments. The study involved coaches, sports psychologists, experts who study emotions, linguists, and translators. It was conducted in three phases. First, a literature review was conducted, and four coaches were interviewed. Secondly, the necessary linguistic and content changes were implemented. Finally, the ACE-E was tested by coding and analyzing 500 min of recordings of eight coaches’ performance and evaluated for reliability, usefulness, and feasibility. The results show that ACE-E receives the same support for validity and reliability as the original instrument in the English language, demonstrating the effectiveness of its cultural adaptation for assessing the emotional expression of Spanish coaches.
{"title":"Cultural adaptation of the Assessment of Coach Emotions to the Spanish sports context (ACE-E)","authors":"Lídia Ordeix, Saul Alcaraz, Haizea Belza, Carme Viladrich","doi":"10.1177/17479541241247005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241247005","url":null,"abstract":"Coaches’ emotional expression significantly influences sport environments and is mediated by the social and cultural construction of emotions. Therefore, this study aims to culturally adapt the Assessment of Coach Emotions for the Spanish sports context (ACE-E), provide evidence of its validity and reliability, and propose a suitable model for adapting observation instruments. The study involved coaches, sports psychologists, experts who study emotions, linguists, and translators. It was conducted in three phases. First, a literature review was conducted, and four coaches were interviewed. Secondly, the necessary linguistic and content changes were implemented. Finally, the ACE-E was tested by coding and analyzing 500 min of recordings of eight coaches’ performance and evaluated for reliability, usefulness, and feasibility. The results show that ACE-E receives the same support for validity and reliability as the original instrument in the English language, demonstrating the effectiveness of its cultural adaptation for assessing the emotional expression of Spanish coaches.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140611319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.1177/17479541241245356
Vasanth Sundaram, Viswanath Sundar, Kane Middleton
The study aimed to investigate the influence of key technical determinants on shooting performance in both air rifle and pistol shooting disciplines. Following a systematic search across four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library), a total of 22 articles were included. The findings indicate that there was a significant correlation between the stability of hold component, as measured by DEV_X ( r = −0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.69 to −0.49; p < 0.001) and HITf ( r = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.79; p < 0.001) and shooting performance in both shooting disciplines. In addition, HITr, another stability component, revealed a significant positive correlation for shooting performance ( r = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.77; p < 0.001) in air pistol shooting. Furthermore, in both disciplines, there was a significant positive correlation between shooting performance and measures of aiming accuracy such as COGhit ( r = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.75; p < 0.001), Targetf ( r = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.84; p < 0.001), and Targetr ( r = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.78; p < 0.001). In both disciplines, there was a strong negative correlation between the cleanliness of triggering and shooting performance ( r = −0.63; 95% CI = −0.75 to −0.48; p < 0.001). Time on target measure significantly correlated with shooting performance ( r = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.68; p < 0.001) across both disciplines. The relationship between postural balance and shooting performance in air rifle shooting was negative, indicating that better postural balance is associated with improved shooting ( r = −0.53; 95% CI = −0.69 to −0.33; p < 0.001). This review emphasizes the significance of various technical components in both air rifle and pistol disciplines.
该研究旨在调查气步枪和手枪射击项目中关键技术决定因素对射击成绩的影响。在对四个数据库（PubMed、CINAHL、SPORTDiscus 和 Cochrane Library）进行系统检索后，共收录了 22 篇文章。研究结果表明，DEV_X（r = -0.60; 95% 置信区间 (CI) = -0.69 to -0.49; p < 0.001）和 HITf（r = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.79; p < 0.001）所测量的持枪组件稳定性与两个射击项目的射击成绩之间存在显著相关性。此外，在气手枪射击中，另一个稳定性成分 HITr 与射击成绩呈显著正相关（r = 0.60；95% CI = 0.35 至 0.77；p <；0.001）。此外，在这两个项目中，射击成绩与瞄准精度的测量值之间存在显著的正相关，如 COGhit ( r = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.75; p < 0.001)、Targetf ( r = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.84; p < 0.001)和 Targetr ( r = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.78; p < 0.001)。在这两个项目中，触发器的清洁度与射击成绩之间存在很强的负相关（r = -0.63; 95% CI = -0.75 to -0.48; p <0.001）。在两个项目中，瞄准目标的时间与射击成绩明显相关（r = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.68; p <0.001）。在气步枪射击中，姿势平衡与射击成绩之间呈负相关，表明更好的姿势平衡与射击成绩的提高相关（r = -0.53; 95% CI = -0.69 to -0.33; p <0.001）。本综述强调了气步枪和手枪项目中各种技术要素的重要性。
{"title":"Technical determinants of air rifle and pistol shooting performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Vasanth Sundaram, Viswanath Sundar, Kane Middleton","doi":"10.1177/17479541241245356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241245356","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the influence of key technical determinants on shooting performance in both air rifle and pistol shooting disciplines. Following a systematic search across four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library), a total of 22 articles were included. The findings indicate that there was a significant correlation between the stability of hold component, as measured by DEV_X ( r = −0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.69 to −0.49; p < 0.001) and HIT<jats:sub>f</jats:sub> ( r = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.79; p < 0.001) and shooting performance in both shooting disciplines. In addition, HIT<jats:sub>r</jats:sub>, another stability component, revealed a significant positive correlation for shooting performance ( r = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.77; p < 0.001) in air pistol shooting. Furthermore, in both disciplines, there was a significant positive correlation between shooting performance and measures of aiming accuracy such as COG<jats:sub>hit</jats:sub> ( r = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.75; p < 0.001), Target<jats:sub>f</jats:sub> ( r = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.84; p < 0.001), and Target<jats:sub>r</jats:sub> ( r = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.78; p < 0.001). In both disciplines, there was a strong negative correlation between the cleanliness of triggering and shooting performance ( r = −0.63; 95% CI = −0.75 to −0.48; p < 0.001). Time on target measure significantly correlated with shooting performance ( r = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.68; p < 0.001) across both disciplines. The relationship between postural balance and shooting performance in air rifle shooting was negative, indicating that better postural balance is associated with improved shooting ( r = −0.53; 95% CI = −0.69 to −0.33; p < 0.001). This review emphasizes the significance of various technical components in both air rifle and pistol disciplines.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541241246184
Fumiya Shimizu, Eiji Konaka
Service is regarded as the most crucial shot in tennis matches, and hence affects the outcome. This study aims to construct a mathematical model that expresses the scoring probability of service shots. Here, “scoring” means that the server wins points in subsequent rallies after a service. The explanatory variables are the service landing location and the ranking points of the players (logarithms of ranking points for the two players). The model construction method is a stepwise regression of the generalized linear model. The model is constructed using more than 110,000 service shots from Association of Tennis Professionals Tour tournaments of 2019. The model comprises four service situations: first/second and ad/deuce sides. The developed model reveals the following facts: in the first service, advantageous locations for the servers are not symmetric between the advantage and deuce sides. Higher-ranked players can win more points than lower-ranked players even if their shots land in easy locations, that is, in the middle of the service court.
{"title":"Scoring probability model based on service landing location and ranking points in men’s professional tennis matches","authors":"Fumiya Shimizu, Eiji Konaka","doi":"10.1177/17479541241246184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241246184","url":null,"abstract":"Service is regarded as the most crucial shot in tennis matches, and hence affects the outcome. This study aims to construct a mathematical model that expresses the scoring probability of service shots. Here, “scoring” means that the server wins points in subsequent rallies after a service. The explanatory variables are the service landing location and the ranking points of the players (logarithms of ranking points for the two players). The model construction method is a stepwise regression of the generalized linear model. The model is constructed using more than 110,000 service shots from Association of Tennis Professionals Tour tournaments of 2019. The model comprises four service situations: first/second and ad/deuce sides. The developed model reveals the following facts: in the first service, advantageous locations for the servers are not symmetric between the advantage and deuce sides. Higher-ranked players can win more points than lower-ranked players even if their shots land in easy locations, that is, in the middle of the service court.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541241244937
Lawrence W Judge, Olivia Vasiloff, Nicholas Swim, Adam Smith, Brian Fox, Bruce Craig, David Bellar
Baseball includes complex multi-joint and multi-planar activities involving a majority of the musculature of the body. Research pertaining to training practices including pre-activity and post-activity stretching continues to evolve along with related sport science recommendations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the pre-activity and post-activity warm-up, stretching, and training practices of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and Division III baseball coaches. A total of 686 questionnaires were distributed via email to head collegiate baseball coaches from NCAA Division I and III universities. The questionnaire was designed to gather demographic, professional, and educational information, as well as specific pre-activity and post-activity stretching usage by the coaches. The responses were examined by computing frequency counts and means where applicable. For the statistical analysis, both SPSS version 27.0 and JMP version 13.0 software packages were utilized. Pearson's Chi-squared tests were run where applicable. Results indicated just over 77% of coaches in the present study affirmed the importance of a pre-activity dynamic warmup. When comparing coaching specific certification to pre-activity flexibility practices, it is clear not all coaches comply with suggested pre-activity flexibility recommendations. This study indicates it is important for baseball coaches to re-evaluate their own practices, perhaps cross-checking them with practices of their peers and staying current with ongoing research.
{"title":"An examination of pre-activity and post-activity training practices of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and Division III baseball coaches","authors":"Lawrence W Judge, Olivia Vasiloff, Nicholas Swim, Adam Smith, Brian Fox, Bruce Craig, David Bellar","doi":"10.1177/17479541241244937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241244937","url":null,"abstract":"Baseball includes complex multi-joint and multi-planar activities involving a majority of the musculature of the body. Research pertaining to training practices including pre-activity and post-activity stretching continues to evolve along with related sport science recommendations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the pre-activity and post-activity warm-up, stretching, and training practices of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and Division III baseball coaches. A total of 686 questionnaires were distributed via email to head collegiate baseball coaches from NCAA Division I and III universities. The questionnaire was designed to gather demographic, professional, and educational information, as well as specific pre-activity and post-activity stretching usage by the coaches. The responses were examined by computing frequency counts and means where applicable. For the statistical analysis, both SPSS version 27.0 and JMP version 13.0 software packages were utilized. Pearson's Chi-squared tests were run where applicable. Results indicated just over 77% of coaches in the present study affirmed the importance of a pre-activity dynamic warmup. When comparing coaching specific certification to pre-activity flexibility practices, it is clear not all coaches comply with suggested pre-activity flexibility recommendations. This study indicates it is important for baseball coaches to re-evaluate their own practices, perhaps cross-checking them with practices of their peers and staying current with ongoing research.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541241242910
Simon A Feros, Michael H Gerhardy, Jackson J Fyfe, Dan B Dwyer
The ability of a pace bowler to deliver the cricket ball at faster speeds is linked with improved match performance as they require less deliveries to take a wicket and concede less runs per wicket taken. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between ball release speed and selected pace bowling kinematics in 19 elite female pace bowlers. Participants bowled 18 match-intensity deliveries indoors from a full run-up. Peak ball release speed and three-dimensional pace bowling kinematic data were extracted from six deliveries that met specific selection criteria. Linear and non-linear relationships were assessed between ball release speed and selected pace bowling kinematics. Ball release speed was associated linearly with pelvis orientation at back foot contact ( r2 = 0.34, p = 0.048) and non-linearly with thoraco-pelvic lateral flexion at front foot flat ( r2 = 0.69, p < 0.001). Compared to their slower counterparts, faster elite female pace bowlers were more side-on at back foot contact and more upright in the frontal plane at front foot flat. A side-on pelvis orientation at back foot landing is likely to permit greater whole-body angular momentum in the transverse plane of motion. A more upright trunk orientation at front foot flat may be indicative of delayed onset of trunk flexion and representative of optimal segmental sequencing to maximise ball release speed. This knowledge is likely to be useful in the coaching and development of female pace bowlers for the purposes of enhancing ball release speed and therefore match performance.
{"title":"The kinematic relationships of ball release speed in elite female cricket pace bowlers","authors":"Simon A Feros, Michael H Gerhardy, Jackson J Fyfe, Dan B Dwyer","doi":"10.1177/17479541241242910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241242910","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of a pace bowler to deliver the cricket ball at faster speeds is linked with improved match performance as they require less deliveries to take a wicket and concede less runs per wicket taken. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between ball release speed and selected pace bowling kinematics in 19 elite female pace bowlers. Participants bowled 18 match-intensity deliveries indoors from a full run-up. Peak ball release speed and three-dimensional pace bowling kinematic data were extracted from six deliveries that met specific selection criteria. Linear and non-linear relationships were assessed between ball release speed and selected pace bowling kinematics. Ball release speed was associated linearly with pelvis orientation at back foot contact ( r<jats:sup>2 </jats:sup>= 0.34, p = 0.048) and non-linearly with thoraco-pelvic lateral flexion at front foot flat ( r<jats:sup>2 </jats:sup>= 0.69, p < 0.001). Compared to their slower counterparts, faster elite female pace bowlers were more side-on at back foot contact and more upright in the frontal plane at front foot flat. A side-on pelvis orientation at back foot landing is likely to permit greater whole-body angular momentum in the transverse plane of motion. A more upright trunk orientation at front foot flat may be indicative of delayed onset of trunk flexion and representative of optimal segmental sequencing to maximise ball release speed. This knowledge is likely to be useful in the coaching and development of female pace bowlers for the purposes of enhancing ball release speed and therefore match performance.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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