Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541241242951
Alexandru Nicolae Ungureanu, Corrado Lupo, Francesco Chiarello, Paolo Riccardo Brustio
To comprehend the complexity of rugby union performance, it is crucial to correlate technical and tactical, and kinematic elements specifically for playing roles. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between game-related metrics and running activities in sub-elite senior males. Technical and tactical performance and running activity of 36 sub-elite senior players (age mean = 25 years; total performances = 200) were assessed in relation to 17 key performance indicators (KPIs). A series of general linear mixed models were performed to evaluate the relationship between KPIs according to roles (backs, forwards and scrum halves), including subjects and games as random effect. The main finding was that the tactical context relates distinctly running activities, and this effect varies between backs and forwards. Tackling mainly involves impacts and deceleration, whereas carrying the ball is associated with impacts and accelerations. Furthermore, the percentage of missed tackles is related to higher occurrences of acceleration events. These findings offer a more profound understanding of the physiological requirements in sub-elite rugby performance, especially given the limited evidence on the interaction between technical and tactical performance and running activities in sub-elite rugby union games. As a result, coaches and physical practitioners should design and execute diverse training sessions that consider both the tactical context and the players’ positions.
{"title":"Correlating technical and tactical, and kinematic elements: An in-depth analysis of game-related metrics and running activities in sub-elite senior male rugby union players","authors":"Alexandru Nicolae Ungureanu, Corrado Lupo, Francesco Chiarello, Paolo Riccardo Brustio","doi":"10.1177/17479541241242951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241242951","url":null,"abstract":"To comprehend the complexity of rugby union performance, it is crucial to correlate technical and tactical, and kinematic elements specifically for playing roles. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between game-related metrics and running activities in sub-elite senior males. Technical and tactical performance and running activity of 36 sub-elite senior players (age mean = 25 years; total performances = 200) were assessed in relation to 17 key performance indicators (KPIs). A series of general linear mixed models were performed to evaluate the relationship between KPIs according to roles (backs, forwards and scrum halves), including subjects and games as random effect. The main finding was that the tactical context relates distinctly running activities, and this effect varies between backs and forwards. Tackling mainly involves impacts and deceleration, whereas carrying the ball is associated with impacts and accelerations. Furthermore, the percentage of missed tackles is related to higher occurrences of acceleration events. These findings offer a more profound understanding of the physiological requirements in sub-elite rugby performance, especially given the limited evidence on the interaction between technical and tactical performance and running activities in sub-elite rugby union games. As a result, coaches and physical practitioners should design and execute diverse training sessions that consider both the tactical context and the players’ positions.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1177/17479541241244481
Daniel J van den Hoek, Alistair Mallard, Joel M Garrett, Patrick L Beaumont, Robert J Howells, Jemima G Spathis, Joshua Pearson, Christopher Latella
BackgroundIn Australia, one-third of people ≥15 years perform regular resistance training and 90% of those do not meet current health guidelines. All age groups should engage in regular resistance exercise, to maintain strength and function.ObjectivesTo identify trends in powerlifting competition participation in Australia by sex and age group from 1968 to 2022, and to compare the strength of powerlifting competitors to population age- and sex-based normative values.MethodThe number of unique participants and total competition entries for each year were analysed using Australian powerlifting competition data. Subdomains of age and sex were investigated, and mean ± SD, frequency, range, and trend analyses reported. United Nations age classifications were used to identify age trends. Comparisons to population strength norms were explored descriptively.ResultsWe included 21,514 individual competitors from 1942 powerlifting competitions between 1968 and 2022. Exponential growth was seen in competition entries from 115 in 1981, to 759 in 1994, 1014 in 2011, and to 6803 in 2022, (R2 = 0.86). At first participation 18–25-year olds (51.1%) followed by ≥36 years (16%) were most represented. Strength comparison to available population norms demonstrates superior upper- (bench press [most competitors above 70th percentile) and lower-body (squat [majority rated ‘excellent’) strength.ConclusionsSuperior strength levels of powerlifters further the evidence base for this sport as an effective way to develop muscular strength, with low injury. We advocate for public health promotion and additional support for powerlifting as an underutilised community health tool.
{"title":"Powerlifting participation and engagement across all ages: A retrospective, longitudinal, population analysis with comparison to community strength norms","authors":"Daniel J van den Hoek, Alistair Mallard, Joel M Garrett, Patrick L Beaumont, Robert J Howells, Jemima G Spathis, Joshua Pearson, Christopher Latella","doi":"10.1177/17479541241244481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241244481","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundIn Australia, one-third of people ≥15 years perform regular resistance training and 90% of those do not meet current health guidelines. All age groups should engage in regular resistance exercise, to maintain strength and function.ObjectivesTo identify trends in powerlifting competition participation in Australia by sex and age group from 1968 to 2022, and to compare the strength of powerlifting competitors to population age- and sex-based normative values.MethodThe number of unique participants and total competition entries for each year were analysed using Australian powerlifting competition data. Subdomains of age and sex were investigated, and mean ± SD, frequency, range, and trend analyses reported. United Nations age classifications were used to identify age trends. Comparisons to population strength norms were explored descriptively.ResultsWe included 21,514 individual competitors from 1942 powerlifting competitions between 1968 and 2022. Exponential growth was seen in competition entries from 115 in 1981, to 759 in 1994, 1014 in 2011, and to 6803 in 2022, (R<jats:sup>2 </jats:sup>= 0.86). At first participation 18–25-year olds (51.1%) followed by ≥36 years (16%) were most represented. Strength comparison to available population norms demonstrates superior upper- (bench press [most competitors above 70<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> percentile) and lower-body (squat [majority rated ‘excellent’) strength.ConclusionsSuperior strength levels of powerlifters further the evidence base for this sport as an effective way to develop muscular strength, with low injury. We advocate for public health promotion and additional support for powerlifting as an underutilised community health tool.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1177/17479541241241487
Guilherme Machado, Sixto González-Víllora, Juan Carlos Pastor-Vicedo, Israel Teoldo
The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to compare the engagement in various types and amounts of soccer activities during childhood and adolescence between Brazilian and Spanish elite youth soccer players; (2) to test what talent development pathway characterizes youth development in elite soccer in Brazil and Spain and (3) to compare the practice structure between elite youth soccer in Brazil and Spain. Participants were 131 U-18 elite male soccer players from Brazil ( n = 68) and Spain ( n = 63) competing in the national league. The Participant History Questionnaire was used to measure the soccer activities undertaken by players. Developmental activities were analyzed for two age periods: childhood (6–12 y/o) and early adolescence (13–15 y/o). In Spain, players started their involvement in practice and competition in soccer earlier compared to Brazilian players ( p < .05). Brazilian players were more involved in structured activities, such as practice in soccer and futsal, and participated in a greater number of sports in childhood and early adolescence ( p < .05). We found a very similar percentual practice structure (individual, pair, drills, group tactics and collective tactics activities) between Spain and Brazil, although Brazilian players accumulated a greater practice volume. It is concluded that Spanish and Brazilian U-18 elite youth male soccer players were differentiated by their milestones in soccer and their engagement in practice activities during childhood and early adolescence. Talent development pathway of male soccer players in Spain was characterized by the early engagement pathway, while the Brazilian system was characterized by the specialized sampling model.
{"title":"Mapping talent pathways: A comparative study of developmental activities and practice structure in Brazilian and Spanish U-18 elite youth male soccer players","authors":"Guilherme Machado, Sixto González-Víllora, Juan Carlos Pastor-Vicedo, Israel Teoldo","doi":"10.1177/17479541241241487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241241487","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to compare the engagement in various types and amounts of soccer activities during childhood and adolescence between Brazilian and Spanish elite youth soccer players; (2) to test what talent development pathway characterizes youth development in elite soccer in Brazil and Spain and (3) to compare the practice structure between elite youth soccer in Brazil and Spain. Participants were 131 U-18 elite male soccer players from Brazil ( n = 68) and Spain ( n = 63) competing in the national league. The Participant History Questionnaire was used to measure the soccer activities undertaken by players. Developmental activities were analyzed for two age periods: childhood (6–12 y/o) and early adolescence (13–15 y/o). In Spain, players started their involvement in practice and competition in soccer earlier compared to Brazilian players ( p < .05). Brazilian players were more involved in structured activities, such as practice in soccer and futsal, and participated in a greater number of sports in childhood and early adolescence ( p < .05). We found a very similar percentual practice structure (individual, pair, drills, group tactics and collective tactics activities) between Spain and Brazil, although Brazilian players accumulated a greater practice volume. It is concluded that Spanish and Brazilian U-18 elite youth male soccer players were differentiated by their milestones in soccer and their engagement in practice activities during childhood and early adolescence. Talent development pathway of male soccer players in Spain was characterized by the early engagement pathway, while the Brazilian system was characterized by the specialized sampling model.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"300 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1177/17479541241238207
Matthew A. Grant, Paul G. Schempp, J. Tobin Grant
The purpose of this study was to examine adaptations within competition day routines of female US Olympic medalists in differently formatted competitions in order to locate changes based on the organizations of the swimming competitions and differentiate the inflexible from the flexible parts of the routines. A purposeful sample of six elite swimmers participated in two 1-hour interviews with an observation at a national-level competition. A mixed-methods analysis protocol helped locate adaptions within the routine. Four results of note were reported. First, adaptations outside venue depended on format and/or individual schedule; adaptations inside the venue were in response to how they felt and their surroundings. Second, participants adapted their competition-day routines at different levels, i.e., segment and behavior levels, depending on being outside or inside the venue, respectively. Third, the competition-day routine of the participants followed similar competition-day routine segments at the venue that matched in scope and sequence for both the prelims and finals sessions. Fourth, once at the venue, adaptation of behaviors changed in order to accomplish the necessary active or passive preparations without changing the scope, sequence and duration of the segments. These findings deepen the understanding of competition-day routines by locating flexible and inflexible parts of the routines and showing greater variance when athletes adapt their routines.
{"title":"Adaptations within female US Olympic swimming medalists’ competition-day routines: A mixed-methods approach","authors":"Matthew A. Grant, Paul G. Schempp, J. Tobin Grant","doi":"10.1177/17479541241238207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241238207","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine adaptations within competition day routines of female US Olympic medalists in differently formatted competitions in order to locate changes based on the organizations of the swimming competitions and differentiate the inflexible from the flexible parts of the routines. A purposeful sample of six elite swimmers participated in two 1-hour interviews with an observation at a national-level competition. A mixed-methods analysis protocol helped locate adaptions within the routine. Four results of note were reported. First, adaptations outside venue depended on format and/or individual schedule; adaptations inside the venue were in response to how they felt and their surroundings. Second, participants adapted their competition-day routines at different levels, i.e., segment and behavior levels, depending on being outside or inside the venue, respectively. Third, the competition-day routine of the participants followed similar competition-day routine segments at the venue that matched in scope and sequence for both the prelims and finals sessions. Fourth, once at the venue, adaptation of behaviors changed in order to accomplish the necessary active or passive preparations without changing the scope, sequence and duration of the segments. These findings deepen the understanding of competition-day routines by locating flexible and inflexible parts of the routines and showing greater variance when athletes adapt their routines.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1177/17479541241240609
László Gyarmati, László Edvy, Csaba Mihálykó, Éva Orbán-Mihálykó
In this article, a new complex method is presented that supports decision-making in sports selection. The method consists of two different parts. The first one is the creation of the framework, that is the assessment of the opinions of trainers about the significance of some attributes in special sports. As a result, weights are constructed based on a generalized 7-option Thurstone method. The second part of the process involves assessing athletes’ performance from various perspectives. Finally, the calculated weights are combined with the performance of the athletes. The scores we obtain quantifiably indicate which sport is most likely to be recommended for a given individual. Moreover, the method developed allows us to quantifiably measure the strength of individual athletes and compare them across age groups equally. A computer program has been developed that implements the evaluation process in addition to this the evaluation results are also presented in this article. By extending this method, it can not only be used for sports selection but also for making various complex decisions where there are numerous possible outcomes to choose from. As a result of this research, we present a generalized set of criteria for the evaluation and describe the results obtained with the method. We explain the relationship between coaching decisions and the recommendations of the method and provide a method for determining the direction of future development for individual athletes.
{"title":"Decision support for sports selection based on performance measurement applying the generalized Thurstone method","authors":"László Gyarmati, László Edvy, Csaba Mihálykó, Éva Orbán-Mihálykó","doi":"10.1177/17479541241240609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241240609","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a new complex method is presented that supports decision-making in sports selection. The method consists of two different parts. The first one is the creation of the framework, that is the assessment of the opinions of trainers about the significance of some attributes in special sports. As a result, weights are constructed based on a generalized 7-option Thurstone method. The second part of the process involves assessing athletes’ performance from various perspectives. Finally, the calculated weights are combined with the performance of the athletes. The scores we obtain quantifiably indicate which sport is most likely to be recommended for a given individual. Moreover, the method developed allows us to quantifiably measure the strength of individual athletes and compare them across age groups equally. A computer program has been developed that implements the evaluation process in addition to this the evaluation results are also presented in this article. By extending this method, it can not only be used for sports selection but also for making various complex decisions where there are numerous possible outcomes to choose from. As a result of this research, we present a generalized set of criteria for the evaluation and describe the results obtained with the method. We explain the relationship between coaching decisions and the recommendations of the method and provide a method for determining the direction of future development for individual athletes.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1177/17479541241240853
Riki Lindsay, Michael Spittle
Coaches are faced with navigating a complex and dynamic environment that requires the wise and measured management of numerous competing factors. Traditional and contemporary approaches are often contrasted, with traditional approaches thought to be beneficial for outcomes like speed of skill acquisition but criticised for being overly prescriptive, and contemporary approaches praised for facilitating individualised learning and transferrable skillsets. We contend that the task for coaches is not deciding which approach is “better” and strictly conforming to one approach, rather it is determining which approach or learning principles best suit the athlete's learning requirements. Coaching is not an exact science, it is an art, in which skilled coaches need to be open, adaptable, and flexible in their approach, constantly considering the complexities of the wider coaching process. In this article, we discuss how coaching practices have the potential to be enhanced by integrating key principles from both traditional and contemporary (CLA) approaches to adapt practice to the emerging situation and meet the skill development needs of their athletes while considering the intricacies and subtleties that typify real-world coaching environments.
{"title":"The adaptable coach – a critical review of the practical implications for traditional and constraints-led approaches in sport coaching","authors":"Riki Lindsay, Michael Spittle","doi":"10.1177/17479541241240853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241240853","url":null,"abstract":"Coaches are faced with navigating a complex and dynamic environment that requires the wise and measured management of numerous competing factors. Traditional and contemporary approaches are often contrasted, with traditional approaches thought to be beneficial for outcomes like speed of skill acquisition but criticised for being overly prescriptive, and contemporary approaches praised for facilitating individualised learning and transferrable skillsets. We contend that the task for coaches is not deciding which approach is “better” and strictly conforming to one approach, rather it is determining which approach or learning principles best suit the athlete's learning requirements. Coaching is not an exact science, it is an art, in which skilled coaches need to be open, adaptable, and flexible in their approach, constantly considering the complexities of the wider coaching process. In this article, we discuss how coaching practices have the potential to be enhanced by integrating key principles from both traditional and contemporary (CLA) approaches to adapt practice to the emerging situation and meet the skill development needs of their athletes while considering the intricacies and subtleties that typify real-world coaching environments.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1177/17479541241239925
Sharan Srinivasa Gopalan, Sam Liu, Caitlin Mann, E Jean Buckler
Menstrual function is an integral component of the overall health and well-being of cyclically menstruating athletes, impacted by and affecting their participation in sport and athletic training. This review used the coach–athlete relationship to examine the sport environment for factors that facilitate or hinder healthy sport participation for cyclically menstruating athletes with respect to their menstrual cycles. Four databases were searched until June 30, 2023, for studies that explored the experiences, perceptions and knowledge related to the menstrual cycle among athletes training under a coach and coaches of cyclically menstruating athletes. The search produced 2511 studies, which, following screening for relevance and eligibility, resulted in 34 studies of moderate-to-high quality. Thematic synthesis and integration of qualitative and quantitative data from 7558 athletes and coaches from elite to amateur level uncovered 4 main themes pertaining to the coach–athlete relationship and the menstrual cycle that constituted barriers (menstruation taboo, lack of knowledge and awareness, and lack of communication among stakeholders) and facilitators (presence of female coaches, positive experiences of communicating about the menstrual cycle, and trust) to healthy sport participation. A final theme summarised the needs of athletes and coaches related to the menstrual cycle. Greater education, representation of females in sporting roles, and improved collaboration among the various stakeholders emerged as the primary factors for driving a culture-shift in the sporting environment, in order to abolish the taboo against menstruation and promote healthy sport participation for cyclically menstruating athletes.
{"title":"Examining the coach–athlete relationship for facilitators and barriers to healthy sport participation for cyclically menstruating athletes: A systematic review","authors":"Sharan Srinivasa Gopalan, Sam Liu, Caitlin Mann, E Jean Buckler","doi":"10.1177/17479541241239925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241239925","url":null,"abstract":"Menstrual function is an integral component of the overall health and well-being of cyclically menstruating athletes, impacted by and affecting their participation in sport and athletic training. This review used the coach–athlete relationship to examine the sport environment for factors that facilitate or hinder healthy sport participation for cyclically menstruating athletes with respect to their menstrual cycles. Four databases were searched until June 30, 2023, for studies that explored the experiences, perceptions and knowledge related to the menstrual cycle among athletes training under a coach and coaches of cyclically menstruating athletes. The search produced 2511 studies, which, following screening for relevance and eligibility, resulted in 34 studies of moderate-to-high quality. Thematic synthesis and integration of qualitative and quantitative data from 7558 athletes and coaches from elite to amateur level uncovered 4 main themes pertaining to the coach–athlete relationship and the menstrual cycle that constituted barriers (menstruation taboo, lack of knowledge and awareness, and lack of communication among stakeholders) and facilitators (presence of female coaches, positive experiences of communicating about the menstrual cycle, and trust) to healthy sport participation. A final theme summarised the needs of athletes and coaches related to the menstrual cycle. Greater education, representation of females in sporting roles, and improved collaboration among the various stakeholders emerged as the primary factors for driving a culture-shift in the sporting environment, in order to abolish the taboo against menstruation and promote healthy sport participation for cyclically menstruating athletes.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1177/17479541241238991
Martin Corsie, Michael Malone, Paul A Swinton
BackgroundA range of innovative performance analysis metrics have been applied in recent years to investigate aspects of football using tempo-spatial and network analyses. These approaches have gained traction within some professional teams to quantify and assess features of collective behaviour. However, metrics employed are rarely created from, or clearly link to, domain expertise and as a result coaches may be hesitant of their value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify coach perceptions of spatial temporal and network metrics and identify the feasibility of an iterative and collaborative process to developing metrics.MethodsTwo rounds of semi-structured interviews were conducted with three Scottish youth international UEFA Pro License coaches (age: 47.0 ± 2.7 years) with a focus on aligning metrics with concepts and principles of play. An iterative approach was used centring around spatial-temporal and network metrics and their adaptation. Reflexive thematic analyses were conducted with final metrics categorized as resonant (accurately describing concept or principles of play), relevant (appropriate but with limitations that need improvement), or hesitant (skeptical of usefulness).ResultsAcross the ten recognized principles of play, nine metrics were identified and adapted to varying degrees. Resonant metrics included: network intensity (mobility), distance between defenders (discipline), triangles (support), team length and distance between deepest defender and goal line (depth).ConclusionCoaches recognize principles of play within complex collective behaviour metrics and should be encouraged to collaborate with analysts to develop support systems that may prove to be more valuable and usable.
{"title":"Translating novel collective behaviour measures to concepts and principles of play as understood by football coaches","authors":"Martin Corsie, Michael Malone, Paul A Swinton","doi":"10.1177/17479541241238991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241238991","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundA range of innovative performance analysis metrics have been applied in recent years to investigate aspects of football using tempo-spatial and network analyses. These approaches have gained traction within some professional teams to quantify and assess features of collective behaviour. However, metrics employed are rarely created from, or clearly link to, domain expertise and as a result coaches may be hesitant of their value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify coach perceptions of spatial temporal and network metrics and identify the feasibility of an iterative and collaborative process to developing metrics.MethodsTwo rounds of semi-structured interviews were conducted with three Scottish youth international UEFA Pro License coaches (age: 47.0 ± 2.7 years) with a focus on aligning metrics with concepts and principles of play. An iterative approach was used centring around spatial-temporal and network metrics and their adaptation. Reflexive thematic analyses were conducted with final metrics categorized as resonant (accurately describing concept or principles of play), relevant (appropriate but with limitations that need improvement), or hesitant (skeptical of usefulness).ResultsAcross the ten recognized principles of play, nine metrics were identified and adapted to varying degrees. Resonant metrics included: network intensity (mobility), distance between defenders (discipline), triangles (support), team length and distance between deepest defender and goal line (depth).ConclusionCoaches recognize principles of play within complex collective behaviour metrics and should be encouraged to collaborate with analysts to develop support systems that may prove to be more valuable and usable.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1177/17479541241236670
Joseph M Szymkowicz, Anssi Saari, Angela Hillman
This study evaluated internal load (IL) and wellness between consecutive field hockey matches played over a 2-day period across a 7-week season consisting of 12 total matches. Twelve NCAA Division I hockey players’ IL was assessed by heart rate (HR) zones (zone 1 = 50–60% HRmax, zone 2 = 60–70% HRmax, zone 3 = 70–80% HRmax, zone 4 = 80–90% HRmax, and zone 5 > 90% HRmax) and HR-derived training impulse. Wellness items (sleep, stress, fatigue, soreness, and total wellness) were obtained to measure the players’ subjective responses. Linear mixed models were used to examine the main effects of time (matched pairs of games) and the interaction between match (match 1 vs 2) and week (week 1–6) for IL. For wellness, main effects for time (mid-week, post-match 1, and post-match 2) and the interaction between day (mid-week, post-match 1, and post-match 2) and week (week 1–5) were examined. More time was spent in HR zone 1 in match 2 versus 1 (mean difference (MD) = 4.2 ± 3.0 minutes). Total wellness, fatigue, and soreness were all worse post-match 2 compared to mid-week (MD = 1.8 ± 1.4 AU, MD = 0.4 ± 0.6 AU, and MD = 0.8 ± 0.4 AU, respectively). Our results indicate that evaluation of specific wellness items may help practitioners determine the source of decreased wellness and adjust the weekly training load or recovery strategies based off the results of the changes in IL.
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Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1177/17479541241236672
B Drury, H Singh, H Larkin, D Behm, L Protheroe, J Moran
Although external (EXT) verbal cues have been shown to improve jump performance, limited research has been conducted in youth athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how different EXT verbal cue types influenced countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in youth athletes. Ten young trained female athletes (16.80 ± 0.60 years) performed the CMJ using four different EXT verbal cues including external-distal (DIST), external-proximal (PROX), analogy (ANA) and holistic (HOL) as well as a neutral cue (CON). Jump height, reactive strength index modified (RSIMOD), countermovement depth, jump time and force-time measures from eccentric and concentric CMJ subphases were measured. No significant differences between cue types were found for RSIMOD. ANA resulted in significantly higher jump height compared to CON ( g = 0.37). PROX significantly increased jump time ( g = 0.60), concentric time ( g = 0.47) and braking time ( g = 0.52), as well as significantly decreasing eccentric braking mean force ( g = 0.43) and eccentric braking rate of force development ( g = 0.59) compared to CON. Countermovement depth significantly increased when using PROX ( g = 0.60), HOL ( g = 0.46) and ANA ( g = 0.51) compared to CON. These results suggest that compared to a neutral cue, EXT verbal cues result in similar CMJ performance in trained youth athletes. However, PROX verbal cues appear to result in reduced performance in many CMJ force-time measures.
尽管外部（EXT）言语暗示已被证明可以提高跳跃成绩，但针对青少年运动员的研究却十分有限。因此，本研究旨在调查不同的外部言语提示类型如何影响青少年运动员的反向运动跳跃（CMJ）成绩。十名训练有素的年轻女运动员（16.80 ± 0.60 岁）使用四种不同的 EXT 语言提示（包括外部-远端（DIST）、外部-近端（PROX）、类比（ANA）和整体（HOL））以及中性提示（CON）进行了 CMJ。测量了跳跃高度、修正的反应力量指数（RSIMOD）、反运动深度、跳跃时间以及偏心和同心CMJ子阶段的力-时间测量值。在 RSIMOD 方面，不同提示类型之间没有发现明显差异。与 CON 相比，ANA 能明显提高跳跃高度（g = 0.37）。与 CON 相比，PROX 能明显增加起跳时间（g = 0.60）、同心时间（g = 0.47）和制动时间（g = 0.52），并能明显减少偏心制动平均力（g = 0.43）和偏心制动力发展率（g = 0.59）。与 CON 相比，使用 PROX ( g = 0.60)、HOL ( g = 0.46) 和 ANA ( g = 0.51) 时，反向运动深度明显增加。这些结果表明，与中性线索相比，EXT 语言线索在训练有素的青少年运动员中能产生相似的 CMJ 成绩。然而，PROX言语暗示似乎会降低许多CMJ力量-时间测量的成绩。
{"title":"Influence of different verbal cue types on countermovement jump performance in youth female athletes","authors":"B Drury, H Singh, H Larkin, D Behm, L Protheroe, J Moran","doi":"10.1177/17479541241236672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241236672","url":null,"abstract":"Although external (EXT) verbal cues have been shown to improve jump performance, limited research has been conducted in youth athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how different EXT verbal cue types influenced countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in youth athletes. Ten young trained female athletes (16.80 ± 0.60 years) performed the CMJ using four different EXT verbal cues including external-distal (DIST), external-proximal (PROX), analogy (ANA) and holistic (HOL) as well as a neutral cue (CON). Jump height, reactive strength index modified (RSI<jats:sub>MOD</jats:sub>), countermovement depth, jump time and force-time measures from eccentric and concentric CMJ subphases were measured. No significant differences between cue types were found for RSI<jats:sub>MOD</jats:sub>. ANA resulted in significantly higher jump height compared to CON ( g = 0.37). PROX significantly increased jump time ( g = 0.60), concentric time ( g = 0.47) and braking time ( g = 0.52), as well as significantly decreasing eccentric braking mean force ( g = 0.43) and eccentric braking rate of force development ( g = 0.59) compared to CON. Countermovement depth significantly increased when using PROX ( g = 0.60), HOL ( g = 0.46) and ANA ( g = 0.51) compared to CON. These results suggest that compared to a neutral cue, EXT verbal cues result in similar CMJ performance in trained youth athletes. However, PROX verbal cues appear to result in reduced performance in many CMJ force-time measures.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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