Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/17479541241259726
Nicholas Stanger, Mariana Kaiseler, Toni L. Williams
Although research has investigated how appraisals are linked with categories of emotions (e.g. pleasant and unpleasant emotions) in sport, research into how stress appraisal components are associated with specific discrete emotions commonly experienced in sport has received scant attention. This study examined how pre-performance stress appraisals were related to pre-performance anger, anxiety, dejection, excitement, and happiness. Athletes ( N = 458) completed measures of pre-performance stress appraisals and emotions in relation to their latest competitive performance. Path analyses revealed challenge appraisal was positively linked to pleasant emotions, and threat appraisal with unpleasant emotions. Specific emotions also possessed discrete links with appraisal components. For example, uncontrollable-by-anyone appraisal was positively linked with anger and dejection but inversely linked with anxiety. Moreover, controllable-by-others appraisal was positively associated, and controllable-by-self appraisal was negatively associated, with anxiety. Excitement and happiness were similarly related with appraisal components. However, controllable-by-self appraisal was positively and more strongly associated with excitement, whereas controllable-by-others appraisal was also positively and directly linked with happiness. These findings highlight how stress appraisals are linked with common emotions in sport and offer applied implications for coaches, sport psychologists and athletes regarding ways that could help regulate pre-performance emotions in sport.
{"title":"Linking pre-performance stress appraisals with emotions in sport","authors":"Nicholas Stanger, Mariana Kaiseler, Toni L. Williams","doi":"10.1177/17479541241259726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241259726","url":null,"abstract":"Although research has investigated how appraisals are linked with categories of emotions (e.g. pleasant and unpleasant emotions) in sport, research into how stress appraisal components are associated with specific discrete emotions commonly experienced in sport has received scant attention. This study examined how pre-performance stress appraisals were related to pre-performance anger, anxiety, dejection, excitement, and happiness. Athletes ( N = 458) completed measures of pre-performance stress appraisals and emotions in relation to their latest competitive performance. Path analyses revealed challenge appraisal was positively linked to pleasant emotions, and threat appraisal with unpleasant emotions. Specific emotions also possessed discrete links with appraisal components. For example, uncontrollable-by-anyone appraisal was positively linked with anger and dejection but inversely linked with anxiety. Moreover, controllable-by-others appraisal was positively associated, and controllable-by-self appraisal was negatively associated, with anxiety. Excitement and happiness were similarly related with appraisal components. However, controllable-by-self appraisal was positively and more strongly associated with excitement, whereas controllable-by-others appraisal was also positively and directly linked with happiness. These findings highlight how stress appraisals are linked with common emotions in sport and offer applied implications for coaches, sport psychologists and athletes regarding ways that could help regulate pre-performance emotions in sport.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/17479541241257809
Lotte Bransen, Jesse Davis
Currently, most research into the evolution of player performance in women's football has focused on physical performance. In contrast, we lack data-driven research into the technical and tactical developments of the women's game. This paper aims to fill this research gap by analysing an extensive longitudinal dataset containing event data for 3510 matches over eight years in the game's top leagues. It uses analytics techniques to assess changes in technical skills and tactical behaviours in the women's game. Tactically, we observe longer possession sequences and fewer long-distance shots. Technically, we observe that players are completing more difficult and valuable passes at a higher rate, and putting a higher percentage of shots on target, with a particular emphasis on aiming for the corners of the goal. These findings could aid football practitioners to account for the developments of the game.
{"title":"A data-driven analysis of the technical and tactical evolution of elite women's football","authors":"Lotte Bransen, Jesse Davis","doi":"10.1177/17479541241257809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241257809","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, most research into the evolution of player performance in women's football has focused on physical performance. In contrast, we lack data-driven research into the technical and tactical developments of the women's game. This paper aims to fill this research gap by analysing an extensive longitudinal dataset containing event data for 3510 matches over eight years in the game's top leagues. It uses analytics techniques to assess changes in technical skills and tactical behaviours in the women's game. Tactically, we observe longer possession sequences and fewer long-distance shots. Technically, we observe that players are completing more difficult and valuable passes at a higher rate, and putting a higher percentage of shots on target, with a particular emphasis on aiming for the corners of the goal. These findings could aid football practitioners to account for the developments of the game.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1177/17479541241257016
Diogo Coutinho, Bruno Gonçalves, Adam Leigh Kelly, Sara Santos, Pedro Figueiredo, Carlos Soares, Bruno Travassos
This study aimed to investigate the effects of manipulating ball possession directionality (i.e., NO direction, MULTI direction or ONE direction) on the physical, tactical and technical performance of youth football players during small-sided games (SSGs). A total of 18 male youth football players (age: 13.6 ± 0.4 years) participated in four testing days, where they completed three random order experimental tasks based on a 4vs4 SSG: (i) NO direction, where players performed a ball possession task without a specific direction to progress; (ii) MULTI direction, where two neutral players were added to the top of each pitch and players could use them to maintain possession; and (iii) ONE direction, where each team defended and scored in two small goals placed at opposite ends of the pitch. In the positioning perspective, the NO condition showed a higher spatial exploration index than the other two conditions ( p = .001), while higher distance to the nearest teammate was identified in the MULTI ( p = .007) and to the nearest opponent in the ONE ( p < .001). In the physical variables, higher game pace ( p = .002), total distance covered ( p < .001) and jogging distance ( p < .001) were identified in the MULTI than the other conditions. Lastly, from the technical perspective, players revealed better passing decision-making ( p = .004) in the ONE than NO or MULTI conditions. Based on these results, coaches may use NO condition to emphasize space exploration, MULTI to increase external load and game pace, while ONE to emphasize technical actions related to ball control and pass.
{"title":"Exploring the impact of ball possession directionality on youth footballers’ positioning, technical skills and physical abilities in small-sided games","authors":"Diogo Coutinho, Bruno Gonçalves, Adam Leigh Kelly, Sara Santos, Pedro Figueiredo, Carlos Soares, Bruno Travassos","doi":"10.1177/17479541241257016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241257016","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effects of manipulating ball possession directionality (i.e., NO direction, MULTI direction or ONE direction) on the physical, tactical and technical performance of youth football players during small-sided games (SSGs). A total of 18 male youth football players (age: 13.6 ± 0.4 years) participated in four testing days, where they completed three random order experimental tasks based on a 4vs4 SSG: (i) NO direction, where players performed a ball possession task without a specific direction to progress; (ii) MULTI direction, where two neutral players were added to the top of each pitch and players could use them to maintain possession; and (iii) ONE direction, where each team defended and scored in two small goals placed at opposite ends of the pitch. In the positioning perspective, the NO condition showed a higher spatial exploration index than the other two conditions ( p = .001), while higher distance to the nearest teammate was identified in the MULTI ( p = .007) and to the nearest opponent in the ONE ( p < .001). In the physical variables, higher game pace ( p = .002), total distance covered ( p < .001) and jogging distance ( p < .001) were identified in the MULTI than the other conditions. Lastly, from the technical perspective, players revealed better passing decision-making ( p = .004) in the ONE than NO or MULTI conditions. Based on these results, coaches may use NO condition to emphasize space exploration, MULTI to increase external load and game pace, while ONE to emphasize technical actions related to ball control and pass.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1177/17479541241249475
André Luiz Braga Jacinto, Gibson Moreira Praça, Guilherme de Sousa Pinheiro, Varley Teoldo da Costa
This study identified which key performance indicators that predict the probability of winning are similar and specific for the top CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. The analysis covered 12,289 games from the 2017/2018 to 2021/2022 seasons, excluding draws to focus on decisive results. Performance metrics were extracted using the InStat Scout® web platform, evaluating 55 offensive and defensive performance variables from the CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. For data analysis, binary logistic regression was performed with the Forward Stepwise method. 14 similar predictive variables were identified between the CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. We also identified 6 win-predictor variables specific to CONMEBOL, 2 win-predictor variables specific to UEFA, and 1 contextual variable that was predictive of victory for the CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. The KPIs that are associated with an increased likelihood of winning games were identified. These include offensive actions, such as creating scoring chances, entering the final third of the opponent's field, shooting on goal, and being effective in counterattacks, converting penalties, and direct free kicks and making important passes and passes. For defensive actions, it was found that fouls, recoveries, possession interceptions, and low block defensive pressures are also associated with an increased likelihood of winning in the five main CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. Particularly, for CONMEBOL leagues, counter-attacking actions, ball possession (%), free-kicks and efficiency for high pressing can also be associated with increased probability of winning. Specific to UEFA leagues, advancing actions down the left flanks and efficiency for team pressing are associated with increased probability of winning.
本研究确定了哪些预测获胜概率的关键性能指标与国家足球协会和欧洲足联的顶级联赛具有相似性和特殊性。分析涵盖 2017/2018 至 2021/2022 赛季的 12,289 场比赛，不包括平局，以关注决定性结果。使用 InStat Scout® 网络平台提取了性能指标，评估了来自巴西国家足球协会和欧洲足联联赛的 55 个进攻和防守性能变量。在数据分析中，采用前向逐步法进行了二元逻辑回归。结果发现，CONMEBOL 和 UEFA 联赛中有 14 个相似的预测变量。此外，我们还确定了 6 个预测 CONMEBOL 获胜的变量，2 个预测 UEFA 获胜的变量，以及 1 个预测 CONMEBOL 和 UEFA 联赛获胜的环境变量。确定了与增加获胜可能性相关的关键绩效指标。这些指标包括进攻行动，如创造得分机会、进入对方场地的最后三分之一、射门、有效反击、转换点球、直接任意球以及重要传球和传中。在防守动作方面，研究发现，犯规、回追、控球拦截和低阻挡防守压力也与 CONMEBOL 和 UEFA 五大联赛获胜可能性的增加有关。特别是在巴西国家杯联赛中，反击动作、控球率（%）、任意球和高位逼抢效率也与获胜概率的增加有关。具体到欧足联联赛，左翼推进动作和团队压迫效率与获胜概率增加有关。
{"title":"Identification of indicators that predict victory in the five main CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues","authors":"André Luiz Braga Jacinto, Gibson Moreira Praça, Guilherme de Sousa Pinheiro, Varley Teoldo da Costa","doi":"10.1177/17479541241249475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241249475","url":null,"abstract":"This study identified which key performance indicators that predict the probability of winning are similar and specific for the top CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. The analysis covered 12,289 games from the 2017/2018 to 2021/2022 seasons, excluding draws to focus on decisive results. Performance metrics were extracted using the InStat Scout® web platform, evaluating 55 offensive and defensive performance variables from the CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. For data analysis, binary logistic regression was performed with the Forward Stepwise method. 14 similar predictive variables were identified between the CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. We also identified 6 win-predictor variables specific to CONMEBOL, 2 win-predictor variables specific to UEFA, and 1 contextual variable that was predictive of victory for the CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. The KPIs that are associated with an increased likelihood of winning games were identified. These include offensive actions, such as creating scoring chances, entering the final third of the opponent's field, shooting on goal, and being effective in counterattacks, converting penalties, and direct free kicks and making important passes and passes. For defensive actions, it was found that fouls, recoveries, possession interceptions, and low block defensive pressures are also associated with an increased likelihood of winning in the five main CONMEBOL and UEFA leagues. Particularly, for CONMEBOL leagues, counter-attacking actions, ball possession (%), free-kicks and efficiency for high pressing can also be associated with increased probability of winning. Specific to UEFA leagues, advancing actions down the left flanks and efficiency for team pressing are associated with increased probability of winning.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1177/17479541241246951
Eliran Mizelman, Aaron Pearson, Dani Chu, David C Clarke
The purpose of this study was to characterize critical speed (CS) models for summarizing high-resolution speed-duration profiles from GPS tracking data obtained from soccer players. GPS data from 15 male NCAA Division I soccer players were collected during practices and games over a 6-week period. Moving averages of the speed data were computed for each file for duration windows spanning 0.1 to 600 seconds at 0.1-second resolution. Speed-duration profiles for each session and for the entire sampling period (“global”) were generated for each player by selecting the maximal mean speeds for each duration. Four models were fit to the profiles: the two-parameter CS (CS2) model, the three-parameter CS (CS3) model, the omni-domain speed-duration (OmSD) model, and the five-parameter logistic (5PL) model. The 5PL, CS3, and OmSD models exhibited similar goodness of fits, and all outperformed the CS2 model. Similar CS estimates were obtained for each model, whereas maximum speed ( Smax) estimates were lower for OmSD compared to the 5PL. Players exhibited a range of parameter values for CS, D′, and Smax. Smax and CS estimated from session-specific speed-duration profiles were on average higher for games compared to practices. We conclude that CS models are useful for empirically describing speed-duration profiles and for assessing peak running demands for soccer practices and games. The proposed approach could help coaches design practice activities to better mimic game demands.
{"title":"Critical speed models of high-resolution speed-duration profiles describe peak running demands in soccer","authors":"Eliran Mizelman, Aaron Pearson, Dani Chu, David C Clarke","doi":"10.1177/17479541241246951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241246951","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to characterize critical speed (CS) models for summarizing high-resolution speed-duration profiles from GPS tracking data obtained from soccer players. GPS data from 15 male NCAA Division I soccer players were collected during practices and games over a 6-week period. Moving averages of the speed data were computed for each file for duration windows spanning 0.1 to 600 seconds at 0.1-second resolution. Speed-duration profiles for each session and for the entire sampling period (“global”) were generated for each player by selecting the maximal mean speeds for each duration. Four models were fit to the profiles: the two-parameter CS (CS2) model, the three-parameter CS (CS3) model, the omni-domain speed-duration (OmSD) model, and the five-parameter logistic (5PL) model. The 5PL, CS3, and OmSD models exhibited similar goodness of fits, and all outperformed the CS2 model. Similar CS estimates were obtained for each model, whereas maximum speed ( S<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>) estimates were lower for OmSD compared to the 5PL. Players exhibited a range of parameter values for CS, D′, and S<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>. S<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> and CS estimated from session-specific speed-duration profiles were on average higher for games compared to practices. We conclude that CS models are useful for empirically describing speed-duration profiles and for assessing peak running demands for soccer practices and games. The proposed approach could help coaches design practice activities to better mimic game demands.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1177/17479541241248610
David Casamichana, Eider Barba, Petrus Gantois, Fabio Nakamura, Beñat Erkizia, Julen Castellano
The objective of the study was to examine the match-running load of female soccer players competing at distinct age groups (U15, U18 and senior cohorts) belonging to the same professional club, over a competitive season. The external load variables of the official matches were monitored with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology: total distance (TD), at >18 km·h−1 (running), at >21 km·h−1 (high-speed running, HSR) and at >24 km·h−1 (sprint, SPR) distances, efforts at >85% of the maximal sprint speed (>85% MSS), acceleration load (aLoaD), accelerations (ACC2 and ACC3, >2 and >3 m·s−2) and decelerations (DEC2 and DEC3 <−2 and <−3 m·s−2). Overall, distances covered at running, HSR and sprinting were greater for senior players than their younger peers (U15 and U18; p < 0.05). Regarding HSR and sprints, no difference was found for sprints accumulated by central defender (CD) players in comparison to U18 and U15 ( p > 0.05). In addition, U18 and senior players engaged more often in ACC and DEC, >2 and >3 m·s−2, respectively, than U15 players ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, older female soccer players are exposed to higher match load than their younger peers. These findings could be useful for soccer coaches to design specific speed development programmes across the long-term athletic development pathway.
{"title":"Match-play running demands in a female soccer professional club: From academy to professional team","authors":"David Casamichana, Eider Barba, Petrus Gantois, Fabio Nakamura, Beñat Erkizia, Julen Castellano","doi":"10.1177/17479541241248610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241248610","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to examine the match-running load of female soccer players competing at distinct age groups (U15, U18 and senior cohorts) belonging to the same professional club, over a competitive season. The external load variables of the official matches were monitored with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology: total distance (TD), at >18 km·h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (running), at >21 km·h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (high-speed running, HSR) and at >24 km·h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (sprint, SPR) distances, efforts at >85% of the maximal sprint speed (>85% MSS), acceleration load (aLoaD), accelerations (ACC2 and ACC3, >2 and >3 m·s<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>) and decelerations (DEC2 and DEC3 <−2 and <−3 m·s<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>). Overall, distances covered at running, HSR and sprinting were greater for senior players than their younger peers (U15 and U18; p < 0.05). Regarding HSR and sprints, no difference was found for sprints accumulated by central defender (CD) players in comparison to U18 and U15 ( p > 0.05). In addition, U18 and senior players engaged more often in ACC and DEC, >2 and >3 m·s<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, respectively, than U15 players ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, older female soccer players are exposed to higher match load than their younger peers. These findings could be useful for soccer coaches to design specific speed development programmes across the long-term athletic development pathway.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1177/17479541241248565
Bahman Adlou, Alan Wilson, Christopher Wilburn, Wendi Weimar
Early sport specialization (ESS) is prevalent among adolescent athletes aspiring for elite status. However, the impact of ESS on sports injury (SI) rates during their collegiate and professional careers remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effect of ESS on SI rates during high-level sport participation. Data sources Search included PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, ERIC, and Medline. Study selection PRISMA guidelines were followed to identify peer-reviewed articles published until 01 August 2023. Eligible studies reported numbers of athletes in collegiate and professional teams, including national, in ESS and their counterpart category, along with the portion with at least one SI. Studies on concussion or non-contact injuries, or without explicit injury reports during elite sport participation were excluded. Of 526 studies, 13 met the criteria, and 5 were included in the quantitative analysis. These studies reported SIs on collegiate and professional athletes. A total of 3087 athletes were analyzed (ESS = 45%). The overall effect showed that ESS athletes had a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.7) of a SI during high-level sport participation, but this finding was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Results demonstrated that ESS athletes had a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.7) of a SI during elite sport participation, but the effect was not statistically significant. Articles with clear reports are scarce, and thus limit the impact of the findings in this study. High heterogeneity was evident in this analysis, largely due to lack of standardized terminology, evaluation, and data representation. Prospective studies that consider diverse athlete population of the same sport are warranted.
{"title":"Early sport specialization impact on rates of injury in collegiate and professional sport participation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Bahman Adlou, Alan Wilson, Christopher Wilburn, Wendi Weimar","doi":"10.1177/17479541241248565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241248565","url":null,"abstract":"Early sport specialization (ESS) is prevalent among adolescent athletes aspiring for elite status. However, the impact of ESS on sports injury (SI) rates during their collegiate and professional careers remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effect of ESS on SI rates during high-level sport participation. Data sources Search included PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, ERIC, and Medline. Study selection PRISMA guidelines were followed to identify peer-reviewed articles published until 01 August 2023. Eligible studies reported numbers of athletes in collegiate and professional teams, including national, in ESS and their counterpart category, along with the portion with at least one SI. Studies on concussion or non-contact injuries, or without explicit injury reports during elite sport participation were excluded. Of 526 studies, 13 met the criteria, and 5 were included in the quantitative analysis. These studies reported SIs on collegiate and professional athletes. A total of 3087 athletes were analyzed (ESS = 45%). The overall effect showed that ESS athletes had a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.7) of a SI during high-level sport participation, but this finding was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Results demonstrated that ESS athletes had a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.7) of a SI during elite sport participation, but the effect was not statistically significant. Articles with clear reports are scarce, and thus limit the impact of the findings in this study. High heterogeneity was evident in this analysis, largely due to lack of standardized terminology, evaluation, and data representation. Prospective studies that consider diverse athlete population of the same sport are warranted.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1177/17479541241247790
Ye Hoon Lee, Heetae Cho
PurposeMindfulness emerges as a possible means to alleviate obsessive passion. Nevertheless, its application in sport leadership context remains understudied, despite the significant levels of stress and turnover that are common in this profession. This study aims to investigate the relationships among trait mindfulness, obsessive passion, and specific positive (e.g., happiness), neutral (e.g., calmness), and negative (e.g., anger) emotions in high school sport managers.MethodIn total, 358 high school sport managers ( Mage = 48.47, SD = 8.93) working in 46 states in the United States completed the online questionnaires measuring the proposed variables. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized to examine the hypotheses.ResultThe results showed that trait mindfulness negatively predicted obsessive passion. Additionally, obsessive passion negatively predicted the feelings of happiness and calmness, while it positively predicted anger. The mediation analysis revealed that obsessive passion fully mediated the relationships between trait mindfulness and the three types of emotion.ConclusionThese findings are significant because they demonstrate the buffering role of trait mindfulness in obsessive passion. Furthermore, the study provides meaningful insights into sport managers’ emotional experiences, particularly by empirically examining the effect of obsessive passion on different emotions.
{"title":"The relationships among trait mindfulness, obsessive passion, and emotions in high school sport managers","authors":"Ye Hoon Lee, Heetae Cho","doi":"10.1177/17479541241247790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241247790","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeMindfulness emerges as a possible means to alleviate obsessive passion. Nevertheless, its application in sport leadership context remains understudied, despite the significant levels of stress and turnover that are common in this profession. This study aims to investigate the relationships among trait mindfulness, obsessive passion, and specific positive (e.g., happiness), neutral (e.g., calmness), and negative (e.g., anger) emotions in high school sport managers.MethodIn total, 358 high school sport managers ( M<jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 48.47, SD = 8.93) working in 46 states in the United States completed the online questionnaires measuring the proposed variables. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized to examine the hypotheses.ResultThe results showed that trait mindfulness negatively predicted obsessive passion. Additionally, obsessive passion negatively predicted the feelings of happiness and calmness, while it positively predicted anger. The mediation analysis revealed that obsessive passion fully mediated the relationships between trait mindfulness and the three types of emotion.ConclusionThese findings are significant because they demonstrate the buffering role of trait mindfulness in obsessive passion. Furthermore, the study provides meaningful insights into sport managers’ emotional experiences, particularly by empirically examining the effect of obsessive passion on different emotions.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1177/17479541241248583
Julian Henz, Xavier Sanchez, Daniel Memmert, Jerry Prosper Medernach
IntroductionBouldering is an Olympic discipline that takes place on low-height climbing structures known as boulders. Routesetters play a critical role in bouldering; they design and set boulders to be climbed, which must be original, safe to climb and adapted to climbers’ levels. Considering the critical role routesetters play to keep the present success and ensure the future development of bouldering, the purpose of this study was to profile expert routesetters by identifying relevant key skills they possess and examining specific strategies they use when designing boulders.MethodsSeventy-eight expert routesetters completed an online survey structured in eight sections that assessed the following: perceptual–cognitive skills; soft skills; motor skills; climbing skills; welfare; safety and difficulty; climbing holds and wall features; and climbing movement diversity and boulder styles.ResultsAmong fundamental skills experts identified, most relevant to routesetters were possessing a broad climbing movement repertoire, the ability to develop several climbing strategies for one boulder, forecasting of climbing movements, climbing-specific decision-making and creativity, self-reflection, teamwork, dealing with negative feedback, technical skills and general fitness. Furthermore, most relevant specific routesetter skills and strategies appeared to encompass the ability to design boulders that account for climbers’ skill levels and safety, to adapt to the constraints of climbing gyms, to make optimal use of climbing wall features and to design versatile climbing movements.ConclusionThe expert routesetters’ profile comprises fundamental and specific skills and strategies that enable them to design target-oriented boulders with versatile climbing movements for different levels whilst accounting for climbers’ welfare.
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BackgroundMost rugby injuries occur during tackles, therefore investigating safe tackling techniques is essential.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of different tackle heights and shoulder preference on head and trunk acceleration.MethodsThirty-nine rugby players belonging to university leagues, adult leagues, and adult leagues, tackled a stationary tackle bag under three height conditions (high, middle, and low) with a dominant shoulder and a non-dominant shoulder. We calculated the peak head and trunk accelerations (PhA and PtA, respectively) during the tackles and evaluated the difference in accelerations by the tackle height and side.ResultsThe PhA (26.1 g (17.1) g) during the tackles was significantly higher than the PtA (11.7(7.2) g, p < 0.01). The PhA was significantly larger in the high (27.4 (19.4) g) and middle (27.7 (17.0) g) tackles compared to the low (23.4 (14.6) g) tackle (high vs low: p < 0.01; middle vs low: p < 0.01). The PhA was significantly lower during the dominant shoulder side (23.0 (13.7) g) tackles than during the non-dominant shoulder side (30.4 (21.3) g) tackles ( p < 0.01).ConclusionThe results suggest that coaching strategies and policies aimed at reducing tackler height and improving tackle technique on the non-dominant shoulder would help reduce head acceleration forces.
背景大多数橄榄球伤害都发生在擒抱过程中，因此研究安全的擒抱技术至关重要。目的确定不同的擒抱高度和肩部偏好对头部和躯干加速度的影响。我们计算了擒抱过程中头部和躯干的峰值加速度（分别为 PhA 和 PtA），并评估了擒抱高度和擒抱侧加速度的差异。结果擒抱过程中的 PhA（26.1 g (17.1) g）明显高于 PtA（11.7(7.2) g，p < 0.01）。高位（27.4 (19.4) g）和中位（27.7 (17.0) g）擒抱时的 PhA 明显大于低位（23.4 (14.6) g）擒抱时的 PhA（高位 vs 低位：p < 0.01；中位 vs 低位：p < 0.01）。结果表明，旨在降低擒抱高度和改进非优势肩擒抱技术的教练策略和政策将有助于降低头部加速度力。
{"title":"Effects of tackle height and shoulder preference on head and trunk acceleration in rugby","authors":"Yuta Ogata, Takashi Soejima, Kenji Hara, Hiromi Takahata, Yu Ando, Akihiro Yamashita, Mutsuo Yamada, Hidetaka Murakami, Akira Maeda","doi":"10.1177/17479541241252967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241252967","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundMost rugby injuries occur during tackles, therefore investigating safe tackling techniques is essential.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of different tackle heights and shoulder preference on head and trunk acceleration.MethodsThirty-nine rugby players belonging to university leagues, adult leagues, and adult leagues, tackled a stationary tackle bag under three height conditions (high, middle, and low) with a dominant shoulder and a non-dominant shoulder. We calculated the peak head and trunk accelerations (PhA and PtA, respectively) during the tackles and evaluated the difference in accelerations by the tackle height and side.ResultsThe PhA (26.1 g (17.1) g) during the tackles was significantly higher than the PtA (11.7(7.2) g, p < 0.01). The PhA was significantly larger in the high (27.4 (19.4) g) and middle (27.7 (17.0) g) tackles compared to the low (23.4 (14.6) g) tackle (high vs low: p < 0.01; middle vs low: p < 0.01). The PhA was significantly lower during the dominant shoulder side (23.0 (13.7) g) tackles than during the non-dominant shoulder side (30.4 (21.3) g) tackles ( p < 0.01).ConclusionThe results suggest that coaching strategies and policies aimed at reducing tackler height and improving tackle technique on the non-dominant shoulder would help reduce head acceleration forces.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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