Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541241270192
Sam Barraclough, Kevin Till, Adam Kerr, Stacey Emmonds
Talent identification of young soccer players is a significant consideration for elite youth soccer organisations, with decisions on players often being made based on the subjective expert opinion of scouts and coaches. Previous research has suggested that scouts and coaches purportedly consider a multitude of factors before arriving at their decisions. However, to date, limited research exists regarding how coaches evaluate player potential within such organisations and how the consideration of further data may influence such evaluations of a player's future potential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present ratings of perceived potential in an elite youth soccer academy and explore the relationships between a player's perceived potential, athleticism, and perceived level of current match performance. Using 181 player observations, findings demonstrated that ratings of players’ perceived potential decreased within older age groups and were the lowest in the senior academy age group (U18). Furthermore, a mixed effects ordinal regression model suggested that coaches’ perceptions of a player's future potential demonstrated strong relationships with current match performance and athleticism. Increases in a player's mean match rating significantly increased the odds of them being perceived to have higher potential and increases in athleticism also demonstrated a positive relationship with increased perceptions of potential. The findings have implications for youth soccer organisations, providing insight into the distribution of ratings of potential within an elite youth soccer academy, and demonstrating that further data (match performance and athleticism) is related to, and may influence, coaches’ perceptions of player potential.
{"title":"Exploring the relationships between potential, performance, and athleticism in elite youth soccer players","authors":"Sam Barraclough, Kevin Till, Adam Kerr, Stacey Emmonds","doi":"10.1177/17479541241270192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241270192","url":null,"abstract":"Talent identification of young soccer players is a significant consideration for elite youth soccer organisations, with decisions on players often being made based on the subjective expert opinion of scouts and coaches. Previous research has suggested that scouts and coaches purportedly consider a multitude of factors before arriving at their decisions. However, to date, limited research exists regarding how coaches evaluate player potential within such organisations and how the consideration of further data may influence such evaluations of a player's future potential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present ratings of perceived potential in an elite youth soccer academy and explore the relationships between a player's perceived potential, athleticism, and perceived level of current match performance. Using 181 player observations, findings demonstrated that ratings of players’ perceived potential decreased within older age groups and were the lowest in the senior academy age group (U18). Furthermore, a mixed effects ordinal regression model suggested that coaches’ perceptions of a player's future potential demonstrated strong relationships with current match performance and athleticism. Increases in a player's mean match rating significantly increased the odds of them being perceived to have higher potential and increases in athleticism also demonstrated a positive relationship with increased perceptions of potential. The findings have implications for youth soccer organisations, providing insight into the distribution of ratings of potential within an elite youth soccer academy, and demonstrating that further data (match performance and athleticism) is related to, and may influence, coaches’ perceptions of player potential.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541241266700
Qiqi Zhu, Gordon A. Bloom, Chong Xu, Danielle Alexander-Urquhart, Liya Guo, Yu Zhu
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of six elite Chinese tennis players and their perspectives of coaching effectiveness within their sport. We collected data using two approaches: semi-structured interviews and player documents (e.g., detailed biographies, competition experience, and performance statistics). Data were analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis to identify the coaches’ knowledge and behaviors that elite Chinese players considered to be effective and ineffective within the training and competitive landscape. We constructed two overarching themes to represent elite tennis player's perceptions regarding coaching effectiveness: (1) perceived coaching roles (i.e., the coach as a planner, teacher, and strategist), and (2) coaching as a social phenomenon (i.e., interpersonal styles and networks, effective and ineffective behaviors). Theoretically, this study aligns with the 3 + 1Cs model of the coach–athlete relationship and enriches the literature on coaching effectiveness in elite tennis. Practically, this study underscores the value of coaching knowledge and behaviors in shaping player's competitive performance and sociopsychological abilities and identifies recommendations for coaches and players to develop harmonious and meaningful relationships within the elite tennis context.
{"title":"Elite tennis player's perceptions of coaching effectiveness","authors":"Qiqi Zhu, Gordon A. Bloom, Chong Xu, Danielle Alexander-Urquhart, Liya Guo, Yu Zhu","doi":"10.1177/17479541241266700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241266700","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of six elite Chinese tennis players and their perspectives of coaching effectiveness within their sport. We collected data using two approaches: semi-structured interviews and player documents (e.g., detailed biographies, competition experience, and performance statistics). Data were analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis to identify the coaches’ knowledge and behaviors that elite Chinese players considered to be effective and ineffective within the training and competitive landscape. We constructed two overarching themes to represent elite tennis player's perceptions regarding coaching effectiveness: (1) perceived coaching roles (i.e., the coach as a planner, teacher, and strategist), and (2) coaching as a social phenomenon (i.e., interpersonal styles and networks, effective and ineffective behaviors). Theoretically, this study aligns with the 3 + 1Cs model of the coach–athlete relationship and enriches the literature on coaching effectiveness in elite tennis. Practically, this study underscores the value of coaching knowledge and behaviors in shaping player's competitive performance and sociopsychological abilities and identifies recommendations for coaches and players to develop harmonious and meaningful relationships within the elite tennis context.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PurposePerformance indicators in women's rugby union are under-researched. The aim of this study was to describe the match activities and determine the predictors for winning/losing and points difference in the South African Rugby Union (SARU) Women's Premier Division competition.MethodsDuring the 2021 and 2022 seasons, SARU-coded matches included 33 indicators (including attacking, defensive, set plays, and error categories) which were analysed for two outcome variables: winning/losing and points difference (points for MINUS points against).ResultsThe results of the study showed that for winning compared to losing, tries (OR = 6.48; p = 0.0001), goal kicking success % (OR = 1.03; p = 0.0245), and dominant tackles % (OR = 1.45; p = 0.0333) increased the odds of winning, whilst yellow cards decreased the odds (OR = 0.27; p = 0.0199). For points difference, Factor 1 (OR = 1.016) including variables related to clean breaks, tries and conversions thereof, were predictive of a larger points difference, whilst Factor 6 (positive tackles, lineout wins; OR = 0.958) favoured a close match/smaller points difference.ConclusionThe predictive indicators differed from those found in previous literature. However, there was little to no data available on women's rugby union to compare to, and therefore comparisons were made to men's rugby. More data and studies are required to confirm these findings.
{"title":"Predictors of match performance in the South African Rugby Union Women's Premier Division","authors":"Nicola Sewry, Candice MacMillan, Willie Maree, Clint Readhead, Lynne Cantwell, Esme Jordaan, Sonja Swanevelder","doi":"10.1177/17479541241270459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241270459","url":null,"abstract":"PurposePerformance indicators in women's rugby union are under-researched. The aim of this study was to describe the match activities and determine the predictors for winning/losing and points difference in the South African Rugby Union (SARU) Women's Premier Division competition.MethodsDuring the 2021 and 2022 seasons, SARU-coded matches included 33 indicators (including attacking, defensive, set plays, and error categories) which were analysed for two outcome variables: winning/losing and points difference (points for MINUS points against).ResultsThe results of the study showed that for winning compared to losing, tries (OR = 6.48; p = 0.0001), goal kicking success % (OR = 1.03; p = 0.0245), and dominant tackles % (OR = 1.45; p = 0.0333) increased the odds of winning, whilst yellow cards decreased the odds (OR = 0.27; p = 0.0199). For points difference, Factor 1 (OR = 1.016) including variables related to clean breaks, tries and conversions thereof, were predictive of a larger points difference, whilst Factor 6 (positive tackles, lineout wins; OR = 0.958) favoured a close match/smaller points difference.ConclusionThe predictive indicators differed from those found in previous literature. However, there was little to no data available on women's rugby union to compare to, and therefore comparisons were made to men's rugby. More data and studies are required to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541241272256
Jack Luders, Sam Gleadhill, Joel Garrett, Hunter Bennett
This Delphi study identifies how elite strength and conditioning coaches prescribe complex contrast training to team sport athletes. Thirty-eight elite strength and conditioning coaches with experience working in high performance settings participated in a three-round survey. Round one was used to collect open-ended responses regarding the programming of complex contrast training. Responses were formulated into statements for rounds two and three, where participants rated their level of agreement using a 9-point Likert scale (agreement threshold ≥80%). In round one, 139 statements were formulated. Twenty-seven statements reached consensus in round two, and four more in round three. Based upon consensus, complex contrast training is best used during the season and dedicated power blocks. It was recommended that strength and power exercises within complex contrast training pairings be performed for 3–4 sets of 3–4 repetitions. Loading of 85–90% of one repetition maximum (1RM) was recommended for strength exercises, with ∼two repetitions in reserve, and BW–30% 1RM for power exercises, with three minutes of rest between contrast sets. Upper body pressing, upper body throwing, lower body squatting and hinging, and lower body jumping and bounding exercises were recommended. Coaches reported using complex contrast training to enhance power-focused training, and because it is more time efficient. Complex contrast training may be a time efficient method of improving athletic performance when training time is limited. Results from this study can guide the development of complex contrast training programs for team-sport athletes, and provides valuable insight into how elite coaches enhance performance.
{"title":"Enhancing athletic performance with complex contrast training: A Delphi study of elite strength and conditioning coaches","authors":"Jack Luders, Sam Gleadhill, Joel Garrett, Hunter Bennett","doi":"10.1177/17479541241272256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241272256","url":null,"abstract":"This Delphi study identifies how elite strength and conditioning coaches prescribe complex contrast training to team sport athletes. Thirty-eight elite strength and conditioning coaches with experience working in high performance settings participated in a three-round survey. Round one was used to collect open-ended responses regarding the programming of complex contrast training. Responses were formulated into statements for rounds two and three, where participants rated their level of agreement using a 9-point Likert scale (agreement threshold ≥80%). In round one, 139 statements were formulated. Twenty-seven statements reached consensus in round two, and four more in round three. Based upon consensus, complex contrast training is best used during the season and dedicated power blocks. It was recommended that strength and power exercises within complex contrast training pairings be performed for 3–4 sets of 3–4 repetitions. Loading of 85–90% of one repetition maximum (1RM) was recommended for strength exercises, with ∼two repetitions in reserve, and BW–30% 1RM for power exercises, with three minutes of rest between contrast sets. Upper body pressing, upper body throwing, lower body squatting and hinging, and lower body jumping and bounding exercises were recommended. Coaches reported using complex contrast training to enhance power-focused training, and because it is more time efficient. Complex contrast training may be a time efficient method of improving athletic performance when training time is limited. Results from this study can guide the development of complex contrast training programs for team-sport athletes, and provides valuable insight into how elite coaches enhance performance.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/17479541241268497
Suzan Schoof, Kai Krabben, Maria B. Lojanica, Johan Pion, Marije T. Elferink-Gemser
Understanding of the multidimensional performance characteristics (MPCs) that underlie performance and distinguish athletes of varying performance levels are key for talent development programs. However, in the Olympic combat sport of judo, including MPCs in talent development research is still a recent approach. Hence, little is known about the MPCs of talented youth judoka. Therefore, this study aimed to determine differences in MPCs of talented youth (U18) judoka with varying levels of success in international competition, specified by sex and corrected for body weight. Fifty-two international level judoka (males: n = 28, age: 16.7 ± 0.9 and females: n = 24, age: 16.3 ± 0.9) participated. Multiple linear regressions were performed with performance level as the dependent variable. Performance level was defined as the win rate at international competitions in one competitive season. Anthropometrical (e.g., body height), physiological (e.g., dynamic balance), and psychological (e.g., coping skills) characteristics were used as independent variables. Results showed that win rate of females positively relates to dynamic balance and coping with adversity, and negatively relates to goal setting and mental preparation ( R2 = .611, p < .001). Peaking under pressure positively relates to the win rate of males ( R2 = .152, p < .05). The extent to which MPCs explain competition performance differs between sexes. However, for both sexes, coping skills seem to be important. Therefore, it is recommended that psychological characteristics are integrated in talent programs of youth judoka next to the judo-specific, physiological and/or technical-tactical trainings whilst taking in consideration the individual differences.
{"title":"Multidimensional performance characteristics of talented youth judoka: Dynamic balance and coping skills relate to international competitive performance","authors":"Suzan Schoof, Kai Krabben, Maria B. Lojanica, Johan Pion, Marije T. Elferink-Gemser","doi":"10.1177/17479541241268497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241268497","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding of the multidimensional performance characteristics (MPCs) that underlie performance and distinguish athletes of varying performance levels are key for talent development programs. However, in the Olympic combat sport of judo, including MPCs in talent development research is still a recent approach. Hence, little is known about the MPCs of talented youth judoka. Therefore, this study aimed to determine differences in MPCs of talented youth (U18) judoka with varying levels of success in international competition, specified by sex and corrected for body weight. Fifty-two international level judoka (males: n = 28, age: 16.7 ± 0.9 and females: n = 24, age: 16.3 ± 0.9) participated. Multiple linear regressions were performed with performance level as the dependent variable. Performance level was defined as the win rate at international competitions in one competitive season. Anthropometrical (e.g., body height), physiological (e.g., dynamic balance), and psychological (e.g., coping skills) characteristics were used as independent variables. Results showed that win rate of females positively relates to dynamic balance and coping with adversity, and negatively relates to goal setting and mental preparation ( R<jats:sup>2 </jats:sup>= .611, p < .001). Peaking under pressure positively relates to the win rate of males ( R<jats:sup>2 </jats:sup>= .152, p < .05). The extent to which MPCs explain competition performance differs between sexes. However, for both sexes, coping skills seem to be important. Therefore, it is recommended that psychological characteristics are integrated in talent programs of youth judoka next to the judo-specific, physiological and/or technical-tactical trainings whilst taking in consideration the individual differences.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/17479541241266248
Sergio A. Lemus, Mallory Volz, Avery Blasdale, Francisco Beron-Vera, Cheng-Bang Chen, Bryan J. Mann, Francesco Travascio
The use of weightlifting exercises is prevalent in competitive and recreational environments, as well as sport-specific training. Traditionally, weightlifting coaches prescribe specific training loads based on an individual's maximal ability. Velocity-based training offers an alternative method that promises to quantify strength based on velocity and provides information that increases competitiveness through real-time feedback. Various velocity measurement devices are available on the market. Their precision is critical for the adequate implementation of velocity-based training. The aim of the present study was to compare the concentric peak velocity measurements of five of these devices during two weightlifting movements, the snatch and clean, to data collected with a 12-camera motion capture system, which was considered as gold standard. It was hypothesized that the velocity measurement devices used in this study would vary in accuracy based on their retail prices. Velocity readings associated with light and moderate (40% and 70% of one-repetition max) loads were measured for both the snatch and clean performed by 12 competitive weightlifters. A least products regression was used to assess validity by comparing five devices against a criterion measure. A general linear model showed statistical differences in the velocities measured with these five devices ( p < 0.001). Specifically, the GymAware RS linear position transducer was the most accurate device, demonstrating no fixed or proportional bias when used to quantify velocity during the snatch and clean. The remaining four devices significantly underestimated peak velocity, which would directly impact the daily planning of lifters’ training. Practitioners must consider the error and bias of each device before implementing velocity-based training.
{"title":"The accuracy of measuring velocity during weightlifting movements with five velocity-based training devices","authors":"Sergio A. Lemus, Mallory Volz, Avery Blasdale, Francisco Beron-Vera, Cheng-Bang Chen, Bryan J. Mann, Francesco Travascio","doi":"10.1177/17479541241266248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241266248","url":null,"abstract":"The use of weightlifting exercises is prevalent in competitive and recreational environments, as well as sport-specific training. Traditionally, weightlifting coaches prescribe specific training loads based on an individual's maximal ability. Velocity-based training offers an alternative method that promises to quantify strength based on velocity and provides information that increases competitiveness through real-time feedback. Various velocity measurement devices are available on the market. Their precision is critical for the adequate implementation of velocity-based training. The aim of the present study was to compare the concentric peak velocity measurements of five of these devices during two weightlifting movements, the snatch and clean, to data collected with a 12-camera motion capture system, which was considered as gold standard. It was hypothesized that the velocity measurement devices used in this study would vary in accuracy based on their retail prices. Velocity readings associated with light and moderate (40% and 70% of one-repetition max) loads were measured for both the snatch and clean performed by 12 competitive weightlifters. A least products regression was used to assess validity by comparing five devices against a criterion measure. A general linear model showed statistical differences in the velocities measured with these five devices ( p < 0.001). Specifically, the GymAware RS linear position transducer was the most accurate device, demonstrating no fixed or proportional bias when used to quantify velocity during the snatch and clean. The remaining four devices significantly underestimated peak velocity, which would directly impact the daily planning of lifters’ training. Practitioners must consider the error and bias of each device before implementing velocity-based training.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/17479541241263178
Justine B. Allen, Colleen Reid, Stephen Macdonald
Coach education continues to be an integral part of coaches’ learning journey, but their usefulness has also been questioned. Given the disparity in research findings, the purpose of this study was to further our understanding of the role of the coach developer in the learning process within introductory level coach education courses. Drawing on Moon's stages of learning and using multiple methods (observation, interviews, focus groups), we explored multiple perspectives (coaches, coach developers and researcher observer) of the activities and learning situations within introductory courses (judo, basketball, paddlesports). In total, three courses were observed, each lasting two days (48 hours of observation), six coach developers participated in an interview (45–60 minutes each) and 18 coaches participated in one of five focus groups (20–300 minutes each). Through our thematic analysis, we developed three themes: structure supports the learning process; National Governing Body resources are just a starting point for learning; a deep approach to learning can be facilitated. Our findings suggest that despite criticisms of large-scale approaches to coach education, they were useful to coaches and coach developers were able to facilitate some deep learning. Furthermore, the quality of coach education programmes was largely dependent on the expertise of coach developers in their roles. Questions are raised about the conceptualisation of learner-centred approaches to coach education delivery.
{"title":"‘It's about putting the learning into context’: A multimethod, multiple perspective exploration of the process of learning in introductory coach education","authors":"Justine B. Allen, Colleen Reid, Stephen Macdonald","doi":"10.1177/17479541241263178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241263178","url":null,"abstract":"Coach education continues to be an integral part of coaches’ learning journey, but their usefulness has also been questioned. Given the disparity in research findings, the purpose of this study was to further our understanding of the role of the coach developer in the learning process within introductory level coach education courses. Drawing on Moon's stages of learning and using multiple methods (observation, interviews, focus groups), we explored multiple perspectives (coaches, coach developers and researcher observer) of the activities and learning situations within introductory courses (judo, basketball, paddlesports). In total, three courses were observed, each lasting two days (48 hours of observation), six coach developers participated in an interview (45–60 minutes each) and 18 coaches participated in one of five focus groups (20–300 minutes each). Through our thematic analysis, we developed three themes: structure supports the learning process; National Governing Body resources are just a starting point for learning; a deep approach to learning can be facilitated. Our findings suggest that despite criticisms of large-scale approaches to coach education, they were useful to coaches and coach developers were able to facilitate some deep learning. Furthermore, the quality of coach education programmes was largely dependent on the expertise of coach developers in their roles. Questions are raised about the conceptualisation of learner-centred approaches to coach education delivery.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/17479541241266192
Nicolas M. Philipp, Ramsey M. Nijem, Stryder D. Blackburn, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Chelsi Scott, Andrew C. Fry
Recent literature has shown that the provision of feedback can enhance vertical jump performance acutely, as well as chronically when implemented during phases of training. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of two types of visual feedback on performance and variability of countermovement jump-derived force-time characteristics in a cohort of male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 basketball players. Specifically, individual visual feedback (IVF) was compared to a form of social comparison feedback (SCF), and authors hypothesized there to be performance increases and more stable measures in the SCF condition. In line with this hypothesis, findings suggested significantly enhanced performance in the SCF condition for seven out of eight force-time metrics (e.g. jump height and reactive strength index modified). However, given the small between-condition effect sizes, differences between conditions may lack practical significance. Furthermore, findings suggested less between-jump variability in the SCF condition, compared to the IVF condition, making for a more stable assessment. This in particular makes for more reliable measures, for which when studied over time, more subtle changes in performance may be observed. In summary, our findings highlight acutely enhanced vertical jump performance, and more stable measures, when athletes are exposed to an SCF condition, compared to a normal IVF condition. Practitioners are encouraged to consider these findings when planning vertical jump assessments and are discouraged from implementing different types of feedback at random, especially when measuring performance over time.
{"title":"Considerations for vertical jump testing in collegiate basketball players: The impact of immediate individual versus social comparison feedback and team leaderboard engagement","authors":"Nicolas M. Philipp, Ramsey M. Nijem, Stryder D. Blackburn, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Chelsi Scott, Andrew C. Fry","doi":"10.1177/17479541241266192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241266192","url":null,"abstract":"Recent literature has shown that the provision of feedback can enhance vertical jump performance acutely, as well as chronically when implemented during phases of training. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of two types of visual feedback on performance and variability of countermovement jump-derived force-time characteristics in a cohort of male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 basketball players. Specifically, individual visual feedback (IVF) was compared to a form of social comparison feedback (SCF), and authors hypothesized there to be performance increases and more stable measures in the SCF condition. In line with this hypothesis, findings suggested significantly enhanced performance in the SCF condition for seven out of eight force-time metrics (e.g. jump height and reactive strength index modified). However, given the small between-condition effect sizes, differences between conditions may lack practical significance. Furthermore, findings suggested less between-jump variability in the SCF condition, compared to the IVF condition, making for a more stable assessment. This in particular makes for more reliable measures, for which when studied over time, more subtle changes in performance may be observed. In summary, our findings highlight acutely enhanced vertical jump performance, and more stable measures, when athletes are exposed to an SCF condition, compared to a normal IVF condition. Practitioners are encouraged to consider these findings when planning vertical jump assessments and are discouraged from implementing different types of feedback at random, especially when measuring performance over time.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/17479541241262385
Loes Stessens, Jasper Gielen, Romain Meeusen, Jean-Marie Aerts
Physical performance in cycling is commonly evaluated with laboratory-based performance markers. However, these markers are not monitored on a regular basis, mainly due to the high costs of testing equipment, invasive sampling and time-intensive protocols. The use of mathematical modeling offers a promising alternative allowing for consistent performance monitoring, identification of influential variables affecting performance, and facilitation of planning, monitoring, and predictive analysis. Wearable technology, such as physiological and biomechanical sensors, can be integrated with mathematical models to enhance the practicality of performance monitoring and enable real-time feedback and personalized training recommendations. In this systematic review, we attempted to provide an overview of the developments in predicting and modeling of performance in cycling and their respective practical applications. The PRISMA framework yielded 52 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The models were discussed according to their modeling goal: characterizing kinetics, alternatives to the gold-standard, training control, observing training effects, predicting competitive performance and optimizing performance. Field-based models and technological advancements were highlighted as solutions to the limitations of gold-standard testing. Due to the lower accuracies of modeling techniques, the gold-standard laboratory-based methods of testing will not be replaced by mathematical models. However, models do form a more practical alternative for regular monitoring and a powerful tool for training and competition optimization. A modeling technique needs to be individualized to the goal and the person and be as simple as possible to allow regular monitoring. Ideally, the technique would work in the field, uses submaximal exercise intensities and integrates technological advancements such as wearable technology and machine learning to increase the practicality even more.
{"title":"Physical performance estimation in practice: A systematic review of advancements in performance prediction and modeling in cycling","authors":"Loes Stessens, Jasper Gielen, Romain Meeusen, Jean-Marie Aerts","doi":"10.1177/17479541241262385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241262385","url":null,"abstract":"Physical performance in cycling is commonly evaluated with laboratory-based performance markers. However, these markers are not monitored on a regular basis, mainly due to the high costs of testing equipment, invasive sampling and time-intensive protocols. The use of mathematical modeling offers a promising alternative allowing for consistent performance monitoring, identification of influential variables affecting performance, and facilitation of planning, monitoring, and predictive analysis. Wearable technology, such as physiological and biomechanical sensors, can be integrated with mathematical models to enhance the practicality of performance monitoring and enable real-time feedback and personalized training recommendations. In this systematic review, we attempted to provide an overview of the developments in predicting and modeling of performance in cycling and their respective practical applications. The PRISMA framework yielded 52 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The models were discussed according to their modeling goal: characterizing kinetics, alternatives to the gold-standard, training control, observing training effects, predicting competitive performance and optimizing performance. Field-based models and technological advancements were highlighted as solutions to the limitations of gold-standard testing. Due to the lower accuracies of modeling techniques, the gold-standard laboratory-based methods of testing will not be replaced by mathematical models. However, models do form a more practical alternative for regular monitoring and a powerful tool for training and competition optimization. A modeling technique needs to be individualized to the goal and the person and be as simple as possible to allow regular monitoring. Ideally, the technique would work in the field, uses submaximal exercise intensities and integrates technological advancements such as wearable technology and machine learning to increase the practicality even more.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/17479541241263722
Francisco Javier García-Angulo, Antonio García-Angulo, José Maria Giménez-Egido, Enrique Ortega-Toro
The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of the constraints led approach (CLA) systems, such as the playing space, the number of players and the numerical game situations (superiority, equality and numerical inferiority) on the technical-tactical actions of U-11 players in small-sided games (SSGs). A case study was developed where two of the CLA constraint systems were applied on three SSG where the dimensions of the game space were modified (SSG1: 160 m2 ; SSG2 and SSG3: 155 m2 ) and the numerical game situation against the opposing team (SSG1: equality; SSG2 and SSG3: superiority/inferiority). The study sample consisted of U-11 players (n = 8) competing at federated level in Spain (10.25 ± 0.45 years; 2.21 ± 0.61 years of experience). The results of this study show an very strong degree of association between the game modalities and the way of obtaining the ball (2Ln(BFp10) = 10.06) and a strong association between the game modalities and the zone of origin of the ball (2 Ln(BFp10) = 6.02). It should be noted that a positive association was found between games modes and ball height in obtaining the ball (2Ln(BFp10) = 4.06); type of conduction (2Ln(BFp10) = 5.88); technical action (2Ln(BFp10)= 2.32) and efficiency (2Ln(BFp10) = 4.04). These data can help coaches to optimize the training process of young players by modifying the training tasks based on the constraint systems proposed in this study.
{"title":"Influence of the constraints associated with the numerical game situations on the technical-tactical actions of U-11 football players in Spain","authors":"Francisco Javier García-Angulo, Antonio García-Angulo, José Maria Giménez-Egido, Enrique Ortega-Toro","doi":"10.1177/17479541241263722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241263722","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of the constraints led approach (CLA) systems, such as the playing space, the number of players and the numerical game situations (superiority, equality and numerical inferiority) on the technical-tactical actions of U-11 players in small-sided games (SSGs). A case study was developed where two of the CLA constraint systems were applied on three SSG where the dimensions of the game space were modified (SSG1: 160 m2 ; SSG2 and SSG3: 155 m2 ) and the numerical game situation against the opposing team (SSG1: equality; SSG2 and SSG3: superiority/inferiority). The study sample consisted of U-11 players (n = 8) competing at federated level in Spain (10.25 ± 0.45 years; 2.21 ± 0.61 years of experience). The results of this study show an very strong degree of association between the game modalities and the way of obtaining the ball (2Ln(BF<jats:sup>p</jats:sup><jats:sub>10</jats:sub>) = 10.06) and a strong association between the game modalities and the zone of origin of the ball (2 Ln(BF<jats:sup>p</jats:sup><jats:sub>10</jats:sub>) = 6.02). It should be noted that a positive association was found between games modes and ball height in obtaining the ball (2Ln(BF<jats:sup>p</jats:sup><jats:sub>10</jats:sub>) = 4.06); type of conduction (2Ln(BF<jats:sup>p</jats:sup><jats:sub>10</jats:sub>) = 5.88); technical action (2Ln(BF<jats:sup>p</jats:sup><jats:sub>10</jats:sub>)= 2.32) and efficiency (2Ln(BF<jats:sup>p</jats:sup><jats:sub>10</jats:sub>) = 4.04). These data can help coaches to optimize the training process of young players by modifying the training tasks based on the constraint systems proposed in this study.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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