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Don’t put a ring on it: Gender stereotypes in citizens’ preferences for executive positions 别戴戒指公民对行政职位偏好中的性别陈规定型观念
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/01925121231214272
Sílvia Claveria, Sebastián Lavezzolo
Scholarly investigations have greatly advanced our understanding of gender stereotypes as they pertain to leadership roles. However, an examination of citizens’ evaluations of the personal and political characteristics of ministers using an experimental design is still lacking. In this article, we aim to determine whether individuals exhibit discrimination against women occupying the position of finance minister (FM), which presents an opportunity to assess the impact of stereotypes within one of the most ‘masculine’ cabinet portfolios. We implement a conjoint analysis in Spain to isolate the influence of appointees’ attributes on their selection. The results suggest that women are preferred for this post. In contrast to established knowledge derived from legislative studies, being single benefits female ministers more than it does their male counterparts in obtaining the position of FM, as agentic attributes can hold more value in these positions.
学者们的调查极大地推动了我们对领导角色中性别刻板印象的理解。然而,我们仍然缺乏通过实验设计来研究公民对部长个人和政治特征的评价。在本文中,我们旨在确定个人是否会对担任财政部长(FM)一职的女性表现出歧视,这为我们提供了一个机会来评估刻板印象对最 "男性化 "内阁职位之一的影响。我们在西班牙进行了联合分析,以区分被任命者的特质对其选择的影响。分析结果表明,女性更受青睐。与从立法研究中获得的既有知识不同,单身对女性部长获得部长职位的益处大于男性部长,因为代理属性在这些职位中更有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Improving referendums with deliberative democracy: A systematic literature review 用协商民主改进全民投票:系统文献综述
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/01925121231210048
Irene Witting, C. Wagenaar, Frank Hendriks
This article systematically reviews the literature on combining referendums and deliberative processes. With referendums being criticized for various reasons, including their deliberative deficit, and amid the deliberative turn in democracy, various hybrid combinations of referendums and deliberative processes have been practised or suggested. We bring together the hitherto scattered literature that focuses on assumed and observed strengthening effects of deliberation in light of ascribed referendum deficits. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, we reviewed and thematically analysed 55 publications. We show that, despite their different focal points, a clear overlap exists between perceived shortcomings of referendums and the added value of deliberation. Expectations of hybridization run high, with empirical evidence emerging that shows promising positive effects. Nevertheless, non-positive effects are both anticipated and observed, and these underscore the importance of ensuring appropriate connections between aggregative and deliberative processes and of systemic embedding.
本文系统地回顾了有关全民投票与审议程序相结合的文献。随着全民投票因其审议缺陷等各种原因受到批评,以及民主中的审议转向,各种全民投票与审议程序的混合组合已经得到实践或建议。我们汇集了迄今为止零散的文献,这些文献的重点是根据全民公决的缺陷来假设和观察商议的强化效果。按照《系统综述和元分析首选报告项目》的方法,我们对 55 篇出版物进行了综述和专题分析。我们发现,尽管两者的关注点不同,但全民公决的缺陷与审议的附加值之间存在明显的重叠。人们对混合的期望很高,出现的经验证据显示了积极的效果。然而,非积极的效果既有预期的,也有观察到的,这些都强调了确保综合进程与审议进程之间的适当联系以及系统嵌入的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative European legislative research in the age of large-scale computational text analysis: A review article 大规模计算文本分析时代的欧洲立法比较研究:评论文章
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1177/01925121231199904
Miklós Sebők, Sven-Oliver Proksch, Christian Rauh, Péter Visnovitz, Gergő Balázs, Jan Schwalbach
Advances in data accessibility and analytical methods opened new frontiers for comparative studies of European legislative activities. However, these advances still need to be fully harnessed by legislative scholars for multiple reasons. We provide an overview of extant research agendas to identify these reasons and explore the opportunities for tapping the potential of big data and quantitative text analysis. We present significant data collection efforts, such as ParlSpeech, the Comparative Agendas Project and CLARIN, and highlight their respective value for, primarily, large-N comparative research focusing on European Union member states and the European Union itself. Our review highlights the most consequential gaps in the literature and shortcomings of available data and analysis. These include the lack of extensive historical and geographical coverage, missing harmonisation and cross-linking between separate efforts, no unified speech and document (bill, law) databases, and the unavailability of good-quality full-text variables.
数据获取和分析方法的进步为欧洲立法活动的比较研究开辟了新的领域。然而,由于多种原因,立法学者仍需充分利用这些进步。我们概述了现有的研究议程,以找出这些原因,并探索挖掘大数据和定量文本分析潜力的机会。我们介绍了重要的数据收集工作,如 ParlSpeech、比较议程项目和 CLARIN,并强调了它们各自的价值,主要是针对欧盟成员国和欧盟本身的大 N 比较研究。我们的综述强调了文献中最重要的空白以及现有数据和分析的不足之处。这些缺陷包括:缺乏广泛的历史和地理覆盖范围、不同工作之间缺乏协调和交叉链接、没有统一的言论和文件(法案、法律)数据库,以及无法获得高质量的全文变量。
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引用次数: 0
The penetration of Russian disinformation related to the war in Ukraine: Evidence from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia 与乌克兰战争有关的俄罗斯虚假信息的渗透:来自波兰、捷克共和国和斯洛伐克的证据
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/01925121231205259
Michał Wenzel, Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska, Veronika Macková, Kateřina Turková
This article novel research on disinformation conducted by the Central European Digital Media Observatory. We have identified Russian disinformation strategies related to the war in Ukraine and established the extent of their penetration in Central European countries. This international comparison shows that thecountries in question are susceptible to Russia-related disinformation efforts to a highly varying degree. Poland is largely immune to narratives about the Ukraine war and the Ukrainian state imposed by official and unofficial actors connected to the Russian authorities and their supporters. On the other hand, Slovak society is relatively receptive to such sentiments, while Czechs are somewhere between these poles. The use of social media as a source of news contributes to disinformation, but the effect is weak. In all three societies there is a strong, significant influence of individuals’ degree of education and material situation. Respondents with post-secondary education and those who consider themselves well off are less vulnerable to disinformation, regardless of their media consumption.
本文介绍了中欧数字媒体观察站对虚假信息进行的研究。我们确定了与乌克兰战争有关的俄罗斯虚假信息策略,并确定了这些策略在中欧国家的渗透程度。这一国际比较表明,这些国家在不同程度上容易受到与俄罗斯有关的虚假信息的影响。波兰基本上不受与俄罗斯当局及其支持者有关联的官方和非官方行为体所强加的有关乌克兰战争和乌克兰国家的言论的影响。另一方面,斯洛伐克社会相对容易接受这种情绪,而捷克人则介于两极之间。使用社交媒体作为新闻来源也会造成虚假信息,但影响较弱。在所有三个社会中,个人的教育程度和物质条件都会产生强烈而显著的影响。受过高等教育的受访者和自认为富裕的受访者,无论其媒体消费水平如何,都不太容易受到虚假信息的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Media skepticism and reactions to political scandals: An analysis of the Trump–Ukraine case 媒体对政治丑闻的怀疑和反应:特朗普-乌克兰事件分析
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211073005
Hugo Marcos-Marné, Pablo González-González, Homero Gil de Zúñiga
While the discussion on the individual level variables that affect responses to political scandals has focused mainly on variables such as partisan identity or political cynicism, we suggest that media skepticism could also moderate whether and how individuals respond to political scandals. To test this relationship, we rely on panel data from the United States gathered before and after the Trump–Ukraine scandal occurred (Wave 1 in June 2019, Wave 2 in October 2019). Our results show that individuals who rank higher on media skepticism hold comparatively more positive views of Trump after the scandal, even when previous evaluations and alternative explanations are controlled for. Conversely, we find no effect of media skepticism in trust toward the US political system and government. We believe our findings have significant consequences to understanding the relationship between the governed and those governing in times of widespread media skepticism.
关于影响对政治丑闻反应的个人层面变量的讨论主要集中在党派认同或政治愤世嫉俗等变量上,而我们认为,媒体怀疑论也可以调节个人是否以及如何对政治丑闻做出反应。为了检验这种关系,我们利用了在特朗普-乌克兰丑闻发生前后收集的美国面板数据(第 1 波在 2019 年 6 月,第 2 波在 2019 年 10 月)。我们的结果表明,在丑闻发生后,即使控制了之前的评价和替代解释,媒体怀疑论排名较高的个人对特朗普的看法也相对更积极。相反,我们发现媒体怀疑论对美国政治体系和政府的信任度没有影响。我们认为,我们的研究结果对于理解在媒体普遍持怀疑态度的时代,被治理者与治理者之间的关系具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Reciprocating to the bottom: Is there negative diffuse reciprocity in social economic human rights 互惠到底:社会经济人权中是否存在消极的扩散互惠?
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211073325
Sara Kahn‐Nisser
Is reciprocity possible in human rights agreements? This article argues that human rights agreements can create negative diffuse reciprocity if there is reliable information about countries’ compliance levels. The article analyses the link between information on countries’ non-compliance with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the one hand, and countries’ efforts to protect social economic rights on the other. It finds that the more information is published on violations of rights, the lower the levels of countries’ efforts to protect these rights. This means that countries practice negative diffuse reciprocity with regard to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This is a notable finding since there are several factors working against the practice of reciprocity in human rights agreements. The article draws theoretical conclusions regarding the conditions for reciprocity in human rights agreements and sheds new light on the concept of reciprocity and its link with information.
人权协定中可能存在互惠吗?本文认为,如果有关于各国履约水平的可靠信息,人权协定可以产生消极的扩散互惠。文章分析了各国不遵守《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》的信息与各国保护社会经济权利的努力之间的联系。研究发现,公布的侵权信息越多,各国保护这些权利的努力程度就越低。这意味着各国在《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》方面实行的是消极的分散互惠。这是一个值得注意的发现,因为在人权协定中,有几个因素不利于互惠的实践。文章就人权协定中互惠的条件得出了理论结论,并对互惠概念及其与信息的联系作了新的阐释。
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引用次数: 0
From football stadium to revolution and war frontlines: Ukrainian ultras and the conversion of their capital 从足球场到革命和战争前线:乌克兰极端分子及其资本的转换
2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/01925121231202013
Olga Ruzhelnyk
The behaviour of football fans in Ukraine has often taken the form of public order offences. However, since Maidan, fans have enjoyed a more positive image, linked to their recognition by and assimilation into Ukrainian society through their social and political activities. Eventually becoming one of the driving forces of revolutionary events and contributing to regime change, football fans have taken an active part in hostilities in the east of the country since 2014. This article explores the links between football fans, their collective violent practices and their social transformation before Maidan, at the time of Maidan and in the post-Maidan period. The author presents the idea of the connection between the conversion of various types of capital and the application of different kinds of collective violent practices, which can affect the status of the group within society.
乌克兰球迷的行为经常以破坏公共秩序的形式出现。然而,自独立广场事件以来,粉丝们的形象变得更加正面,这与他们通过社会和政治活动被乌克兰社会认可和同化有关。自2014年以来,足球迷一直积极参与该国东部的敌对行动,最终成为革命事件的驱动力之一,并为政权更迭做出了贡献。本文探讨了足球迷之间的联系,他们的集体暴力行为和他们的社会转型在独立之前,独立时和独立后时期。作者提出了各种类型资本的转换与不同类型的集体暴力行为的应用之间的联系,这可以影响群体在社会中的地位。
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引用次数: 0
Does it pay to think about the future? Future orientation, ideology, age and vote earning among political candidates 考虑未来值得吗?政治候选人的未来取向、意识形态、年龄和得票情况
2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/01925121231200124
Annika Lindholm, Lauri Rapeli, Åsa von Schoultz
Solving societal problems often requires elected politicians to make uncertain investments, which only provide benefits in the future. However, research on future-oriented democratic policymaking has primarily focused on structural explanations and voter behaviour, paying less attention to politicians’ attitudes. In this study, we examine politicians’ future orientation and its potential link to electoral success. Using the latest Finnish data from the Comparative Candidate Survey, combined with voting-advice application data and register-level candidate information, we analyse how candidates’ future orientation correlates with their personal vote shares and ideological positions in the 2019 parliamentary elections. Our findings indicate that future-oriented political candidates, willing to invest in the future despite costs to present wellbeing, tend to be younger, more leftist and green-alternative-liberal. However, the relationship between future orientation and vote-winning is weak, suggesting that office-seeking politicians face neither punishment nor reward for their future-regarding stances.
解决社会问题往往需要当选的政治家进行不确定的投资,这些投资只会在未来带来好处。然而,对面向未来的民主决策的研究主要集中在结构性解释和选民行为上,很少关注政治家的态度。在这项研究中,我们考察了政治家的未来取向及其与选举成功的潜在联系。利用来自比较候选人调查的最新芬兰数据,结合投票建议申请数据和登记级候选人信息,我们分析了2019年议会选举中候选人的未来取向如何与他们的个人选票份额和意识形态立场相关。我们的研究结果表明,以未来为导向的政治候选人倾向于更年轻、更左派和绿色替代自由主义者,他们愿意为未来投资,而不顾当前的福利成本。然而,未来取向与得票之间的关系很弱,这表明寻求职位的政治家既不会因为他们的未来立场而受到惩罚,也不会因为他们的未来立场而受到奖励。
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引用次数: 0
‘Tilting’ the balance? An evaluation of Britain’s strategic approach to the Indo-Pacific “倾斜”平衡?英国对印太战略方针的评价
2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/01925121231195605
Thomas Wilkins
Notwithstanding its exit from the European Union itself, the United Kingdom still remains an influential European power with significant interests and equities in the Indo-Pacific region. This article probes the substance of London’s engagement with the region through a distillation of relevant policy documents/statements appertaining to the Indo-Pacific. It reconciles this material within a three-tiered analytical framework that encompasses British ‘aims’; the ‘assets’ it holds; and then ‘assesses’ its performance and prospects. Like the other European actors considered in this Symposium, it reveals the strong confluence of economic, security and normative elements that define its regional strategic outlook. While there are many synergies with the approaches of the other European powers, what makes the United Kingdom case distinctive is a more prolific set of regional partnerships alongside multilateral engagement (‘networks and grids’), and a greater accent on hard power capabilities. The latter however are placed in service of the former – Britain has no aspirations to shift the regional balance of power independently.
尽管英国退出了欧盟,但它仍然是一个有影响力的欧洲大国,在印太地区拥有重要的利益和权益。本文通过对印度-太平洋地区相关政策文件/声明的提炼,探讨了伦敦与该地区接触的实质。它在一个包含英国“目标”的三层分析框架中协调了这些材料;它持有的“资产”;然后“评估”它的表现和前景。同本次专题讨论会审议的其他欧洲行动者一样,它显示了经济、安全和规范因素的强烈融合,这些因素决定了它的区域战略前景。虽然与其他欧洲大国的方法有许多协同作用,但使英国案例与众不同的是,除了多边参与(“网络和网格”)之外,英国还拥有更丰富的区域伙伴关系,并且更加强调硬实力能力。然而,后者是为前者服务的——英国无意独立改变地区力量平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Europe in the Indo-Pacific: Economic, security, and normative engagement 欧洲在印太:经济、安全和规范接触
2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1177/01925121231202694
Gabriele Abbondanza, Thomas Wilkins
The Indo-Pacific has rapidly become the world’s geopolitical and geo-economic epicentre. Consequently, much scholarly attention has been focused on Sino–United States superpower competition and on the policies of the region’s great and middle powers. However, since Europe has engaged late with the Indo-Pacific, its policies remain under-examined. This Special Issue fills a lacuna in our knowledge through a dedicated appraisal of German, British, Italian, and European Union approaches to the Indo-Pacific. This introductory article provides an analytical survey of the impetus for Europe’s new awareness of the Indo-Pacific’s importance. It then sheds light on the European approach based on a tripartite framework comprising economy, security, and norms, which is adopted by all the articles in this Special Issue to draw out comparative insights. This research thus contributes to the literature on both European and Indo-Pacific strategic landscapes by examining an understudied development under a novel joint assessment.
印太地区迅速成为世界地缘政治和地缘经济的震中。因此,许多学者的注意力都集中在中美超级大国的竞争以及该地区大国和中等大国的政策上。然而,由于欧洲与印太地区的接触较晚,其政策仍未得到充分审视。本期特刊通过对德国、英国、意大利和欧盟在印太问题上的做法的专门评估,填补了我们知识上的空白。这篇介绍性文章分析了欧洲对印太重要性新认识的动力。然后,它阐明了基于经济、安全和规范三方框架的欧洲方法,这是本期特刊所有文章所采用的,以得出比较的见解。因此,本研究通过在一种新的联合评估下研究一个未被充分研究的发展,为欧洲和印度-太平洋战略格局的文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
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International Political Science Review
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