Infant and Child Development最新文献

Children develop cooperative behaviours within culturally specific social environments from an early age. This exploratory study analysed cooperation between siblings in two different cultural contexts: Yurakaré Indigenous community in Bolivia (N = 22; M_age = 5.31 years; 59.1% female) and urban Poland (N = 24; M_age = 4.86 years; 45.8% female). Mixed-age sibling dyads participated in a tower-building task designed to evaluate cooperative behaviours, focusing on verbal communication, attention management, and cooperation dynamics. Yurakaré siblings more often engaged in complementary actions and jointly built tower levels, whereas Polish siblings tended to construct levels individually and used approximately three times more verbal communication. The groups also differed in their attention management characteristics. Across both groups, fewer attentional shifts during the task were associated with older age. Although the sample size is small, this study provides novel insights into culture-specific cooperation and proposes new research procedures and hypotheses for future investigation.

Motherhood represents a significant phenomenon in the lives of many women, exerting influence not only on their personal experiences but also on the developmental processes of their children. The perception and meaning of motherhood can vary widely across different cultural contexts. This study aims to investigate Turkish mothers' perspectives on the role of motherhood through a phenomenological approach. The research involved a study group of 40 mothers residing in the city centre of Ankara, Türkiye, with infants aged 0 to 36 months. Data were gathered via semi-structured interviews using interview forms developed by the researchers. The collected data were subjected to content analysis and categorised accordingly. Findings reveal that Turkish mothers experience both positive and negative emotions concurrently regarding motherhood. Mothers viewed motherhood as a source of happiness; conversely, a prevalent concern among the participants was the fear of losing their babies. The participants noted significant changes in their lives due to motherhood. Furthermore, it was observed that families played a crucial supportive role for mothers in adapting to these changes during both prenatal and postnatal periods. The study suggests that motherhood, a biologically inherent aspect specific to women, is often perceived as a role laden with societal pressures and challenges. This perception is influenced by societal expectations and the roles imposed on women. Therefore, it is essential to provide comprehensive support to mothers throughout the prenatal and postnatal periods to address these challenges effectively.

Historical events change the socio-cultural and political contexts that Latinx gay men live in, shaping generational differences in external support, comfort being out, experiences of stigma, and the impacts of and response to minority stress over time. The stigma Latinx gay fathers face is informed by racial and xenophobic prejudice they encounter as Latinx individuals and negative attitudes towards their parenting abilities as gay men. To better understand the lives of Latinx gay fathers, we employed a life course perspective to explore their pathways to parenthood, experiences and avoidance of stigma, helpfulness of social relationships, and their comfort being out. Eighty-six Latinx gay fathers (M_age = 46.03 years, SD = 10.50, range = 21–74) from 47 US states participated. Most identified as white, Hispanic (88.4%), while others identified as Black/African American and Hispanic (8.1%), Multiracial (2.3%), or Hispanic, non-white (1.2%). The average income level was approximately US $75,000–$80,000. Over half of participants' first and second children were genetically related to them. Participants reported low frequencies of sexuality-based stigma and even lower levels of stigma avoidance, as well as relatively high levels of comfort being publicly out and helpfulness of social relationships. Generational differences between Latinx gay fathers in the AIDS-1 (born 1950–1969) and AIDS-2 generations (born 1970–1980s) were salient, signifying the importance of historical context in understanding this population.

Theory suggests that attachment figures' regulation of child arousal during stress is central to the development of secure attachment, that is, trust in the attachment figure, and knowledge about care-related interactions, known as the Secure Base Script (SBS). The current study tested the hypothesis that hair cortisol concentration (HCC), reflecting cumulative cortisol production over time, would be associated with attachment development in middle childhood during the first COVID-19 lockdown. HCC was measured in 55 West-European children (56.4% girls) aged 9–11 years (M = 9.48, SD = 0.47) as a biomarker of chronic stress during the lockdown. SBS knowledge and self-reported trust in the attachment figure were measured both before and after the lockdown period to assess attachment development. The results supported the hypothesis that higher HCC was associated with a decrease in trust in the attachment figure $��\left(�{\eta }_{\text{partial}}^2�=�0.08�\right)�$. However, contrary to expectations, HCC did not moderate changes in SBS knowledge. Instead, all children showed an increase in SBS knowledge over time, regardless of HCC $��\left(�{\eta }_{\text{partial}}^2�=�0.954�\right)�$. These findings suggest that cognitive (i.e., SBS knowledge) and affective (i.e., trust) dimensions of attachment may be differentially affected by stress. Further research is needed to clarify the role of endocrinological processes in distinct dimensions of attachment development.

This study aims to investigate the dynamic development relationship between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, and resilience amongst early adolescents, and to explore the longitudinal protective effect of resilience in preventing suicidal behaviour. A survey was conducted on 970 students (52.89% boys; M_age = 12.36; SD = 0.52; Age range = 11–14 years old at T1) from two middle schools in Hunan Province, China, over a period of 12 months, with data collected at three time points (T1, T2, and T3), each separated by a six-month interval. The study employed latent growth models to analyse the trends in NSSI, suicidal ideation, and resilience amongst the participants. Additionally, a longitudinal moderating model was used to investigate the impact of resilience. The results showed that (1) NSSI and suicidal ideation showed a linear increasing trend, and resilience showed a linear decreasing trend; (2) the initial level of NSSI positively predicted the initial level of suicidal ideation, and negatively predicted its growth rate significantly. The growth rate of NSSI positively predicted the growth rate of suicidal ideation significantly. (3) The growth rate of resilience plays a negative moderating role in the relationship between the growth rate of NSSI and suicidal ideation, which means as the rate of decline in adolescents' resilience accelerates, the increase in NSSI shows stronger predictive power for the increase in suicidal ideation. The findings emphasise the dynamic interactions between NSSI, suicidal ideation, and resilience, highlighting resilience's potential protective role in preventing suicidal behaviour.