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Longitudinal associations between attachment representations coded in the adult attachment interview in late adolescence and perceptions of romantic relationship adjustment in adulthood 青少年晚期成人依恋访谈中编码的依恋表征与成年后对恋爱关系调整的看法之间的纵向联系
IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2512
Or Dagan, Marissa D. Nivison, Maria E. Bleil, Cathryn Booth-LaForce, Theodore E. A. Waters, Glenn I. Roisman

Increasingly, researchers have operationalized Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)-derived attachment representations as reflecting individual differences in secure base script knowledge (AAIsbs) – the degree to which individuals show awareness of the temporal-causal schema that summarizes the basic features of seeking and receiving effective support from caregivers when in distress. In a series of pre-registered analyses, we used AAI transcripts recently re-coded for AAIsbs and leveraged a new follow-up assessment of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development cohort at around age 30 years (479 currently partnered participants; 59% female; 82% White/non-Hispanic) to assess and compare the links between AAIsbs and traditional AAI coding measures at around age 18 years and self-reported romantic relationship quality in adulthood. Higher AAIsbs predicted better dyadic adjustment scores in adulthood (r = 0.17) and this association remained significant controlling for other AAI-derived coding measures, as well as sociodemographic and cognitive functioning covariates. Findings extend previous evidence pointing to the predictive significance of AAIsbs for multiple adult functioning domains.

越来越多的研究人员将成人依恋访谈(AAI)得出的依恋表征操作化,以反映安全基础脚本知识(AAIsbs)的个体差异,即个体对时间-因果图式的认识程度,该图式总结了个体在遇到困难时寻求和接受照顾者有效支持的基本特征。在一系列预先登记的分析中,我们使用了最近为 AAIsbs 重新编码的 AAI 成绩单,并利用对 30 岁左右的 NICHD 早期儿童保育和青少年发展研究(NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development)队列(479 名目前有伴侣的参与者;59% 为女性;82% 为白人/非西班牙裔)进行的新的后续评估,来评估和比较 18 岁左右 AAIsbs 与传统 AAI 编码测量之间的联系,以及成年后自我报告的恋爱关系质量。较高的 AAIsbs 预测了成年后较好的双向适应得分(r = 0.17),并且在控制其他 AAI 派生编码测量以及社会人口和认知功能协变量的情况下,这种关联仍然显著。研究结果扩展了之前的证据,表明 AAIsbs 对多个成人功能领域具有预测意义。
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引用次数: 0
Early risk for child externalising symptoms: Examining genetic, prenatal, temperamental and parental influences 儿童外部化症状的早期风险:研究遗传、产前、脾气和父母的影响因素
IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2508
Sohee Lee, Olivia C. Robertson, Kristine Marceau, Valerie S. Knopik, Misaki N. Natsuaki, Daniel S. Shaw, Leslie D. Leve, Jody M. Ganiban, Jenae M. Neiderhiser

This study utilised the Early Growth and Development Study (N = 561 adoptive children; 57.2% male, 55.3% White), a study of children adopted at birth, to examine heritable (birth parent psychopathology) and prenatal risk (prenatal maternal distress and smoking during pregnancy), infant negative affectivity, adoptive parent over-reactivity and warmth as independent predictors of childhood externalising symptoms. The current study evaluated if: (1) infant negative affectivity and over-reactive parenting are candidate mediators for the effects of heritable and prenatal risk on externalising symptoms and (2) parental warmth weakens the influence of heritable risk, prenatal risk, negative affectivity and over-reactive parenting on externalising symptoms. There were main effects of heritable risk, infant negative affectivity and over-reactive parenting on child externalising symptoms. The study found no support for the hypothesised mediation and moderation effects, suggesting that targeting parental over-reactivity rather than warmth would be more effective in reducing the risk for childhood externalising symptoms.

本研究利用 "早期成长与发展研究"(N = 561 名领养儿童;57.2% 为男性,55.3% 为白人)(一项针对出生时被领养儿童的研究),对遗传(亲生父母的精神病理学)、产前风险(产前母亲的痛苦和怀孕期间的吸烟)、婴儿的消极情绪、领养父母的过度反应和温暖作为儿童外化症状的独立预测因素进行了研究。本研究对以下因素进行了评估(1) 婴儿的负性情感和过度反应的养育方式是否是遗传风险和产前风险对外向化症状影响的候选中介,以及 (2) 父母的温暖是否会削弱遗传风险、产前风险、负性情感和过度反应的养育方式对外向化症状的影响。遗传风险、婴儿负性情感和过度反应的养育方式对儿童外化症状有主效应。研究发现,假设的中介效应和调节效应并不成立,这表明,针对父母的过度反应而非温情会更有效地降低儿童外化症状的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection in childhood and psychological (mal)adjustment predict forgiveness and vengeance 成年人对童年时期父母接受-拒绝的记忆和心理(不良)适应可预测宽恕和报复行为
IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2511
Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Ronald P. Rohner, Nour M. Zaki

This study investigated relations between emerging adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection during childhood and the adults' dispositions towards forgiveness and vengeance, as mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. South Asian (Pakistani) participants, including 242 (25.6%) men (Mage = 21.69, SD = 2.34) and 704 (74.4%) women (Mage = 21.14, SD = 2.09), responded to the short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaires, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Vengeance Scale and a Personal Information Form. Results revealed that memories of both maternal and paternal rejection were correlated with current psychological maladjustment. Paternal rejection amongst women and maternal rejection amongst men predicted the disposition towards vengeance. Maternal acceptance amongst both men and women predicted the disposition towards forgiveness. Paternal acceptance, however, did not predict the disposition towards forgiveness amongst either men or women. Psychological adjustment amongst both men and women mediated relations between maternal and paternal acceptance and the disposition towards forgiveness. However, psychological maladjustment was a significant mediator of the relation between maternal and paternal rejection and the disposition towards vengeance amongst men and women. Implications of the findings and future directions of research are discussed.

本研究调查了新成人对童年时期父母接受-拒绝的记忆与成人的宽恕和报复倾向之间的关系,以及这种关系在心理(不良)适应方面的中介作用。南亚(巴基斯坦)参与者包括 242 名男性(25.6%)(年龄=21.69,标准差=2.34)和 704 名女性(74.4%)(年龄=21.14,标准差=2.09),他们回答了母系和父系成人接受-拒绝问卷简表、成人人格评估问卷、心境宽恕量表、复仇量表和个人信息表。结果显示,母亲和父亲的拒绝记忆与当前的心理不适应相关。女性对父亲的排斥和男性对母亲的排斥预示着报复倾向。而男性和女性对母亲的接纳则预示着对宽恕的倾向。然而,父亲的接纳并不能预测男性或女性的宽恕倾向。男性和女性的心理调适在母亲和父亲的接纳与宽恕倾向之间起到了中介作用。然而,心理不适应则是母亲和父亲的拒绝与男性和女性的报复倾向之间关系的重要中介。本文讨论了研究结果的意义和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Do mother's socialization goals in early childhood predict children's later self? 母亲在幼儿期的社会化目标能否预测孩子日后的自我?
IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2513
Pirko Tõugu, Anni Tamm, Tiia Tulviste

In this study, maternal socialization goals in early childhood were linked to qualities of children's self in middle childhood, while also considering maternal education and child gender. Estonian mothers (N = 209; Mage = 33.6; 52.2% had university education) provided ratings of their socialization goals for children (52.2% girls; Mage = 6.2), children's self was gauged 4 years later. The more mothers endorsed social conformity-related socialization goals, the fewer different autonomy-related (β = −0.15) and relatedness-related qualities of self (β = −0.21) their children had in their descriptions of themselves and their autobiographical memories. Mothers' self-maximization socialization goals were not linked to the qualities of children's self. Mothers without a university degree endorsed social conformity-related socialization goals more than mothers with a university degree (β = −0.20). Girls referred to more relatedness-related qualities than boys (β = 0.23). The results show that maternal socialization goals do not always have a straightforward effect on different qualities of children's self. Yet, conformity-related goals by mothers predict the qualities of children's later self.

Highlights

  • Children's self is predicted by gender and earlier maternal socialization goals.
  • Mother's social conformity-related socialization goals predict children's later self.
  • Self-maximization related socialization goals are not linked to children's self.
在这项研究中,母亲在幼儿期的社会化目标与儿童在中年期的自我品质相关联,同时也考虑了母亲的教育和儿童的性别。爱沙尼亚母亲(人数 = 209;年龄 = 33.6;52.2% 接受过大学教育)对其子女(52.2% 为女孩;年龄 = 6.2)的社会化目标进行了评分,4 年后对子女的自我进行了测量。母亲越赞同与社会一致性相关的社会化目标,其子女在自我描述和自传记忆中与自主性(β = -0.15)和相关性(β = -0.21)相关的自我品质就越少。母亲的自我最大化社会化目标与子女的自我品质无关。没有大学学历的母亲比有大学学历的母亲更赞同与社会一致性相关的社会化目标(β = -0.20)。与男孩相比,女孩更多提及与相关性有关的品质(β = 0.23)。结果表明,母亲的社会化目标并不总是对儿童不同的自我品质产生直接影响。然而,母亲与顺应相关的目标却能预测儿童日后的自我特质。亮点 儿童的自我特质是由性别和母亲早期的社会化目标预测的。母亲与社会一致性相关的社会化目标可预测儿童日后的自我。与自我最大化相关的社会化目标与儿童的自我无关。
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引用次数: 0
Verification report: Egalitarianism in young children 核查报告:幼儿的平等主义
IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2505
Georgia Clift, Jennifer Beaudry, Sumie Leung, Jordy Kaufman

The present study sought to evaluate the reproducibility of prominent findings stated by Fehr et al. in their developmental resource allocation experiment "Egalitarianism in Young Children", published in 2008. The experiment involved children making decisions about distributing sweets between themselves and either an in-group or an out-group recipient. Fehr et al. found that (1) inequity aversion develops with age; (2) 3- to 4-year-old children are inclined toward self-advantageous allocations, whereas 7- to 8-year-olds distribute sweets more evenly in divisions, and (3) the influence of group status increases as children age. The original article stated that 229 Swiss school students aged 3 to 8 years (102 boys, 127 girls) participated in the study. However, no further demographics were reported. In our attempts to reproduce Fehr et al.'s original analyses and reanalyse the raw dataset, we found that one of the key variables was miscoded. After rectifying the miscoded variable, the reproduction results revealed only one ambiguously irreproducible result regarding a group status main effect in the sharing mini-game—with three other tests exhibiting either strong reproducibility or ambiguous reproducibility. Reanalysis results indicated that Fehr et al.'s conclusions are robust when tested with alternative analytical tests.

Highlights

  • We evaluated the reproducibility of Fehr et al.'s (2008) highly cited developmental resource allocation findings.
  • After identifying an inversely coded variable, we found all tests—bar one probit regression not related to major findings—to be reproducible. Reanalysis confirmed the robustness of Fehr et al.'s conclusions when using alternate analytical methods.
  • Fehr et al.'s developmental resource allocation findings are reproducible and have theoretical implications for understanding inequity aversion and group status effects on resource allocation decisions in young children.
本研究旨在评估费尔等人在 2008 年发表的发展资源分配实验 "幼儿的平等主义 "中得出的重要结论的可重复性。实验中,儿童决定在自己和组内或组外接受者之间分配糖果。费尔等人发现:(1) 不公平厌恶会随着年龄的增长而发展;(2) 3 至 4 岁的儿童倾向于对自己有利的分配,而 7 至 8 岁的儿童在分配糖果时会更加平均;(3) 随着儿童年龄的增长,群体地位的影响也会增加。原文称,229 名 3 至 8 岁的瑞士小学生(102 名男孩,127 名女孩)参与了这项研究。但是,没有报告更多的人口统计数据。我们试图重现 Fehr 等人的原始分析并重新分析原始数据集,结果发现其中一个关键变量被误码。在纠正了误码变量后,重现结果只发现了一个关于分享小游戏中群体地位主效应的模糊不可再现结果,其他三个测试要么表现出很强的可再现性,要么表现出模糊的可再现性。重新分析的结果表明,Fehr 等人的结论在使用其他分析测试时是稳健的。亮点 我们评估了 Fehr 等人(2008 年)被高度引用的发展资源分配结论的可重复性。在确定了一个反向编码变量后,我们发现除了一个与主要发现无关的 probit 回归外,所有的检验结果都是可重复的。重新分析证实了 Fehr 等人的结论在使用其他分析方法时的稳健性。Fehr等人的发展性资源分配研究结果具有可重复性,对于理解不公平厌恶和群体地位对幼儿资源分配决策的影响具有理论意义。
{"title":"Verification report: Egalitarianism in young children","authors":"Georgia Clift,&nbsp;Jennifer Beaudry,&nbsp;Sumie Leung,&nbsp;Jordy Kaufman","doi":"10.1002/icd.2505","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2505","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study sought to evaluate the reproducibility of prominent findings stated by Fehr et al. in their developmental resource allocation experiment \"Egalitarianism in Young Children\", published in 2008. The experiment involved children making decisions about distributing sweets between themselves and either an in-group or an out-group recipient. Fehr et al. found that (1) inequity aversion develops with age; (2) 3- to 4-year-old children are inclined toward self-advantageous allocations, whereas 7- to 8-year-olds distribute sweets more evenly in divisions, and (3) the influence of group status increases as children age. The original article stated that 229 Swiss school students aged 3 to 8 years (102 boys, 127 girls) participated in the study. However, no further demographics were reported. In our attempts to reproduce Fehr et al.'s original analyses and reanalyse the raw dataset, we found that one of the key variables was miscoded. After rectifying the miscoded variable, the reproduction results revealed only one ambiguously irreproducible result regarding a group status main effect in the sharing mini-game—with three other tests exhibiting either strong reproducibility or ambiguous reproducibility. Reanalysis results indicated that Fehr et al.'s conclusions are robust when tested with alternative analytical tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We evaluated the reproducibility of Fehr et al.'s (2008) highly cited developmental resource allocation findings.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>After identifying an inversely coded variable, we found all tests—bar one probit regression not related to major findings—to be reproducible. Reanalysis confirmed the robustness of Fehr et al.'s conclusions when using alternate analytical methods.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Fehr et al.'s developmental resource allocation findings are reproducible and have theoretical implications for understanding inequity aversion and group status effects on resource allocation decisions in young children.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.2505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Registered Reports with secondary developmental data: Introduction to the special issue 使用二次开发数据的注册报告:特刊简介
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2506
Pamela E. Davis-Kean, Alexa Ellis, Moin Syed

Events of the past decade have revealed substantial limitations in our standard approach to evaluating manuscripts for publication. Preference for ‘positive results’ and findings that are surprising or novel has led to a substantial publication bias that casts doubt on large portions of the existing literature (Davis-Kean & Ellis, 2019; Scheel et al., 2021). Registered Reports represent a major initiative to combat these problems, as they shift the focus of evaluation from the nature of the findings to the strength of the conceptualization, research design and analytic plan (Chambers, 2013).

Contrary to the standard review process, with Registered Reports the process is split into two distinct stages. Authors initially submit a Stage 1 proposal consisting of the Introduction, Method and Planned Analysis sections prior to conducting the study. The Stage 1 proposal is sent for peer review, with an ultimate positive outcome of an ‘in principle acceptance,’ which is a guarantee that the journal will publish the full article, regardless of the results, providing the authors conduct the study as planned and do so competently. Following the in principle acceptance authors collect the data and/or conduct the analysis and then submit the Stage 2 report for final review. For more information, and answers to frequently asked questions about Registered Reports, see https://cos.io/rr/.

Registered Reports have been increasingly adopted in journals across the sciences in general, and psychology in particular. Although uptake had initially been slow amongst developmental journals, this has changed considerably in recent years (see Syed et al., 2023, for Registered Reports specifically and Silverstein et al., 2024, for open science and metascience more generally). Nevertheless, there remain many questions about how the format works for complex longitudinal designs and secondary data (van den Akker et al., 2021), both of which are common in developmental research (see also Syed & Donnellan, 2020).

The purpose of this Special Issue was to feature Registered Reports using secondary (pre-existing) data pertaining to developmental issues from the prenatal period through early adulthood. Secondary datasets refer to data collected by someone other than the primary user. Datasets used in the eight articles featured in the special issue covered wide ground. Two of the articles relied on the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, one to investigate how early caregiver interactions are related to educational attainment, income and employment (Duncan et al., 2024), and the other to compare relations between parental sensitivity and two different methods for assessing attachment (Nivison et al., 2024). Examining parenting from a different perspective, Wright and Jack

过去十年中发生的事件揭示了我们评估发表稿件的标准方法存在很大的局限性。对 "正面结果 "以及令人惊讶或新颖的发现的偏好导致了大量的出版偏见,使人们对大部分现有文献产生怀疑(Davis-Kean &amp; Ellis, 2019; Scheel et al.)注册报告是应对这些问题的一项重大举措,因为它们将评估重点从研究结果的性质转移到概念化、研究设计和分析计划的优势上(Chambers,2013)。在开展研究之前,作者首先要提交一份由引言、方法和计划分析部分组成的第 1 阶段建议书。第 1 阶段的建议书将送交同行评审,最终的肯定结果是 "原则上接受",这就保证了只要作者按计划进行研究,并能胜任,无论结果如何,期刊都会发表全文。原则上接受后,作者收集数据和/或进行分析,然后提交第二阶段报告供终审。有关注册报告的更多信息和常见问题的解答,请参阅 https://cos.io/rr/.Registered 报告已越来越多地被科学期刊采用,心理学期刊尤其如此。虽然发展类期刊最初采用报告的速度较慢,但近年来这种情况已大为改观(具体参见 Syed 等人,2023;Silverstein 等人,2024;开放科学和元科学)。然而,对于复杂的纵向设计和二手数据(van den Akker et al.,2021),这种格式如何发挥作用仍有许多问题,而这两种情况在发展研究中都很常见(另见 Syed &amp; Donnellan, 2020)。本特刊的目的是介绍使用与产前至成年早期发展问题有关的二手(已有)数据的注册报告。二级数据集是指由主要用户以外的其他人收集的数据。特刊中的八篇文章所使用的数据集覆盖面很广。其中两篇文章依赖于美国国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)的 "儿童早期保育与青少年发展研究"(Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development),一篇用于调查早期照料者之间的互动与教育程度、收入和就业之间的关系(Duncan et al.,2024),另一篇用于比较父母敏感性与两种不同的依恋评估方法之间的关系(Nivison et al.,2024)。Wright 和 Jackson(2024 年)从另一个角度研究了养育子女的问题,他们利用德国社会经济小组研究,测试了父母和子女的人格特质对各种青少年结果(如健康、教育、家庭和公民参与)的独立预测能力。有几项研究侧重于学校教育背景:Spiegler等人(2024年)利用 "欧洲四国移民子女纵向调查 "研究了同伴伤害与班级种族多样性和教师互动的关系;Kim和Sidney(2024年)利用 "国际数学和科学趋势研究 "研究了学生学业自我概念个体差异的影响来源;Zimmermann等人(2024年)利用 "2011年幼儿纵向研究幼儿园班级 "了解了学前班入学与进入和离开幼儿园期间社会发展指标的关系。最后,有两项研究考察了发展的生理方面:Chaku 和 Barry(2024 年)利用青少年大脑认知发展研究了解荷尔蒙特征与认知发展的关系,Woods 等人(2024 年)利用家庭未来和儿童福祉研究测试睡眠指标是否与认知和行为发展纵向相关。从本期特刊发表的文章中可以清楚地看出,对于那些使用现有数据集或二手数据集的人来说,注册报告是一个可行的选择,而且这些文章只是触及了可用数据集的表面,这些数据集可以很好地利用注册报告。二级数据集的其他一些例子包括但不限于:《监测未来》、《收入动态面板研究》、《国家纵向调查》、《英国队列研究》、《苏格兰的成长》等(有关评论,请参见 Davis-Kean &amp; Ellis, 2019,以及 Davis-Kean 等人,2015,有关如何访问这些数据集和其他数据集的更多详情)。 所有这些数据集以及更多数据集都有可能适用于注册报告,但注册报告格式却未得到充分利用。首先,审稿人有时会纠结于如何审阅那些不包含数据,只包含观点和方法的 "建议 "的论文。特别是对于二手数据,审稿人会因为已经收集了现有数据而无法就新的原始数据收集提出建议。正如 Davis-Kean 等人(2015 年)所指出的,使用二手数据回答什么问题往往受到限制。无法选择在现有数据的基础上增加数据或改变研究方法。审稿人往往会建议对这些论文进行这样的修改,但这是不可能的。因此,对今后的二手数据登记报告提出的一项建议是,应提供非常明确的审稿人信息,说明审稿人的作用,以及审稿人可向作者提出的要求的限制。基本上,研究的方法和数据结构一般都是已知的,审稿人的工作是确定问题是否与研究领域相关,以及所使用的方法和数据集是否适合回答所提出的问题。审稿人和作者之间的互动存在一个挑战,这在预注册和注册报告中都很明显,那就是经常需要进行稳健性检查,这些检查以前可能没有注册过,但对验证研究结果很重要。这些通常被视为探索性分析,但当评审人注意到数据集中有一个既可信又可检验的替代假说时,往往会合理地要求对研究结果的有效性进行检查。原始数据的收集可能会限制进行稳健性检验的变量的广度,而二手数据则不同,它通常拥有可用于检验的可用构造。我们建议作者和审稿人在第 1 阶段建议阶段就考虑增加可利用现有数据进行检验的替代规格或假设。不过,有时这种认识是在事后产生的,因此必须作为探索性分析添加到第二阶段稿件中。我们鼓励作者这样做,也鼓励编辑和审稿人为其提供便利,只要添加的内容得到透明的报告即可,因为我们总是希望确保我们的研究进行了最严格的测试。最后,在本特刊的最初送审稿中,有时提交的实际问题并不是该领域的主要问题,或者无法用提议的数据集进行充分测试。对二手数据的任何分析都可以进行,但重要的是我们都要考虑是否应该这样做。注册报告的主要目标之一是确保一项研究无论结果如何,都能为其研究问题提供信息。这一设计特点要求高质量的研究,尤其适合最复杂、最具争议性和最具变革性的研究,因为它对经常困扰发展研究的可疑研究实践和出版偏见提供了最明确的约束(Davis-Kean &amp; Ellis, 2019)。将这一格式提升到注册报告作者身份的格式,表明为获得研究结果而进行的极端谨慎和精心策划,这将有助于增强人们对婴幼儿发展研究的信心。
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引用次数: 0
The affective, cognitive, and physiological effects of implementing antecedent‐focused emotion regulation strategies in childhood 在儿童期实施以前因后果为重点的情绪调节策略对情感、认知和生理的影响
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2509
Elizabeth L. Davis, Shannon M. Brady, Kasey Pankratz, Zariah Tolman, Parisa Parsafar, Emily W. Shih
Different components of emotional responding may be affected by using specific emotion regulation strategies that enable children's volitional self‐regulation. This study examined the affective, cognitive, and physiological effects of experimentally instructing children to deploy distraction or reappraisal to regulate negative emotion during an evocative film clip. One‐hundred eighty‐four 4‐ to 11‐year‐old children [M = 7.66 years; SD = 2.33 years; 94 girls; mixed race (36%), Latino/Latina (30%), European American (19%), African American (11%), Asian American (2%), or other (2%)] participated. Neither strategy affected observed distress or self‐reported negative emotion. Relative to a control condition, children instructed to use reappraisal reported attenuated rumination. Distraction also predicted attenuated rumination, as well as a pattern of parasympathetic reactivity indicative of disengagement that correlated with parents' reported use of minimizing and punitive emotion socialization practices. Findings underscore the utility of multi‐method approaches that examine parasympathetic activity in conjunction with volitional measures of self‐regulation.
通过使用特定的情绪调节策略来实现儿童的意志自我调节,可能会对情绪反应的不同组成部分产生影响。本研究考察了实验指导儿童在观看唤起性电影片段时,通过转移注意力或重新评价来调节负面情绪所产生的情感、认知和生理影响。184名4至11岁的儿童[中位数=7.66岁;标准差=2.33岁;94名女孩;混血(36%)、拉丁/拉美裔(30%)、欧美裔(19%)、非裔(11%)、亚裔(2%)或其他(2%)]参加了这项研究。这两种策略都不会影响观察到的痛苦或自我报告的负面情绪。与对照组相比,接受重新评估指导的儿童的反刍有所减少。分散注意力也预示着反刍的减弱,以及副交感神经反应的模式,这种模式表明脱离,与父母报告的使用最小化和惩罚性情绪社会化做法相关。研究结果凸显了结合自我调节的意志测量来检查副交感神经活动的多种方法的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Piloting a battery to evaluate parasympathetic reactivity and externalizing behaviours during early childhood in autism spectrum disorder 试用电池评估自闭症谱系障碍儿童早期的副交感神经反应性和外化行为
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2504
Yael Braverman, Madison Surmacz, Gina Schnur, Nasim Sheikhi, Susan Faja
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Reactivity (RSA‐R) correlates both positively and negatively with externalizing behaviour in autistic individuals. These inconsistencies may result from task‐based differences. This pilot study measured RSA‐R in 4‐to 6‐year‐olds, across two timepoints, using four validated tasks with matched baseline and challenge periods. Social, cognitive, sensory and emotional tasks were employed to evaluate the use of a domain‐specific approach in measuring RSA‐R in young autistic children. RSA and parent‐reported externalizing behaviour were collected from 16 children (Mage = 5.60 years; 13 male; 12 White/Caucasian; 15 non‐Hispanic/Latine). RSA‐R was measured by the difference score of the challenge task minus its corresponding comparison task. Correlations were computed to evaluate associations between RSA‐R and behaviour. RSA was reliably measured for 3/4 tasks (0.694 ≤ intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] ≤ 0.896). Only RSA‐R during a social task correlated with externalizing behaviour. These results support using a battery that measures a range of challenges, differing in social demands, to characterize how arousal contributes to emotion regulation demands among young autistic children.
呼吸窦性心律失常反应性(RSA-R)与自闭症患者的外化行为既有正相关也有负相关。这些不一致可能是基于任务的差异造成的。这项试验性研究使用四种经过验证的任务,在两个时间点测量了 4-6 岁儿童的 RSA-R,并匹配了基线期和挑战期。研究采用了社交、认知、感官和情绪任务,以评估在测量自闭症幼儿的 RSA-R 时使用特定领域方法的效果。从 16 名儿童(年龄=5.60 岁;13 名男性;12 名白人/高加索人;15 名非西班牙裔/拉丁裔)中收集了 RSA 和家长报告的外化行为。RSA-R 以挑战任务得分减去相应对比任务得分的差值来衡量。计算相关性以评估 RSA-R 与行为之间的关联。3/4项任务的RSA测量结果可靠(0.694≤类内相关系数[ICC]≤0.896)。只有社交任务中的 RSA-R 与外化行为相关。这些结果支持使用测量一系列社会需求不同的挑战的电池来描述唤醒如何促进自闭症幼儿的情绪调节需求。
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引用次数: 0
Preschool children's high-frequency heart rate variability during low and high emotional challenge in relation to their self-regulation 学龄前儿童在低情绪挑战和高情绪挑战时的高频心率变异性与自我调节的关系
IF 2.2 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2507
Caron A. C. Clark, Patricia Cardellini de Almeida, Keyoor Joshi
High-frequency heart rate variability (hf-HRV) theoretically provides a biomarker for self-regulation, although studies with young children offer mixed findings regarding the relevance of emotional demands in this link. We aimed to describe variation in children's hf-HRV during tasks with relatively high and low emotional load and to determine the relation of hf-HRV during these tasks to different behavioural measures of children's self-regulation. Electrocardiograms were recorded in 80 3–5-year-olds (M = 57 months; 54% male, 47% female; 87% White, 8% mixed/other race, 2% African American/Black, 1% were Asian and 1% Hispanic/Latinx) whilst they completed a Go/No-go task with low emotional load and an emotionally challenging Delay Frustration task. Mean hf-HRV was similar across these tasks, although it increased during a between-task rest interval. Accounting for age, gender and caregiver education, hf-HRV during the Go/No-go task correlated with task performance, whereas hf-HRV during the emotional task correlated with caregiver-reported regulation (Psuedo R2 = 03–0.05). Greater hf-HRV withdrawal during the tasks correlated with weaker Go/No performance and increased behavioural frustration (Psuedo R2 = 0.08–0.13). Children's maintenance of hf-HRV during emotional and cognitive challenges may support their effective self-regulation.
理论上,高频心率变异性(hf-HRV)可作为自我调节的生物标志物,但对幼儿进行的研究对情绪要求在这一环节中的相关性给出了不同的结论。我们的目的是描述儿童在完成情绪负荷相对较高和较低的任务时 hf-HRV 的变化,并确定这些任务中 hf-HRV 与儿童自我调节的不同行为测量之间的关系。研究记录了 80 名 3-5 岁儿童(男=57 个月;54% 为男性,47% 为女性;87% 为白人,8% 为混血/其他种族,2% 为非裔美国人/黑人,1% 为亚裔,1% 为西班牙裔/拉丁裔)在完成低情绪负荷的 "走/不走 "任务和具有情绪挑战性的 "延迟挫败 "任务时的心电图。在这些任务中,平均 hf-HRV 值相似,但在任务间歇休息期间有所增加。考虑到年龄、性别和照顾者的教育程度,在 "走/停 "任务中,hf-HRV 与任务表现相关,而在情绪任务中,hf-HRV 与照顾者报告的调节相关(Psuedo R2 = 03-0.05)。在任务过程中,hf-HRV 的退缩程度越大,则 Go/No 的表现越弱,行为挫折感越强(Psuedo R2 = 0.08-0.13)。儿童在情绪和认知挑战中保持 hf-HRV 可能有助于他们进行有效的自我调节。
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引用次数: 0
Infant sleep and anxiety disorders in early childhood: Findings from an Australian pregnancy cohort study 婴儿睡眠与幼儿期焦虑症:澳大利亚妊娠队列研究的结果
IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2501
Kelli K. MacMillan, Declan Bourke, Stuart J. Watson, Andrew J. Lewis, Douglas M. Teti, Helen L. Ball, Megan Galbally

Emphasis on continuous infant sleep overnight may be driven by parental concern of risk to child mental health outcomes. The Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study (MPEWS) examined whether infant sleep at 6 and 12 months postpartum predicts anxiety disorders at 2–4 years, and whether this is moderated by maternal depression, active physical comforting (APC) or maternal cognitions about infant sleep. Data included 349 women and infants. Infant sleep was measured using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire and child anxiety disorders by the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. The risk of developing generalised anxiety or social phobia disorders at 3–4 years was reduced by 42% (p = 0.001) and 31% (p = 0.001), respectively, for a one standard deviation increase in total sleep at 12 months. No other infant sleep outcomes were associated. Maternal depression, APC and cognitions about infant sleep did not significantly moderate these relationships. Focus may need to be on total infant sleep, rather than when sleep is achieved.

Highlights

  • To assess whether infant sleep outcomes (i.e., frequency of nocturnal wakes; nocturnal wakefulness and total sleep per day) at 6 and 12 months predict early childhood anxiety disorders at 3–4 years of age.
  • Maternally reported infant sleep outcomes were not associated with the risk of developing early childhood anxiety disorders at 3–4 years.
  • It may be total infant sleep, irrespective of when sleep occurs or night waking and, independently, active physical comforting that requires further investigation.
强调婴儿整夜连续睡眠可能是由于父母担心儿童心理健康会受到影响。美慈妊娠与情感幸福研究(MPEWS)考察了产后6个月和12个月的婴儿睡眠是否会预测2-4岁时的焦虑症,以及这是否会受到产妇抑郁、积极的身体安慰(APC)或产妇对婴儿睡眠的认知的影响。数据包括 349 名妇女和婴儿。婴儿睡眠采用婴儿睡眠简明问卷进行测量,儿童焦虑症则采用学龄前精神病学评估进行测量。12个月时总睡眠时间每增加一个标准差,3-4岁时患广泛性焦虑症或社交恐惧症的风险就会分别降低42%(p = 0.001)和31%(p = 0.001)。其他婴儿睡眠结果均无关联。母亲抑郁、APC 和对婴儿睡眠的认知并没有明显缓和这些关系。重点 评估婴儿 6 个月和 12 个月时的睡眠结果(即夜醒频率、夜醒次数和每天的总睡眠时间)是否能预测 3-4 岁儿童早期焦虑症。母亲报告的婴儿睡眠结果与3-4岁时罹患幼儿焦虑症的风险无关。需要进一步研究的可能是婴儿的总睡眠时间,而与睡眠时间或夜间唤醒无关,也与积极的身体安慰有关。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Infant and Child Development
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