This study constructs a Chinese lottery index (LI) based on six popular lottery preference variables by using the partial least squares method and examines the relationship between the LI and future stock market returns during the period from January 2000 to December 2021. We find that the LI can negatively predict stock market excess returns in-sample and out-of-sample. In addition, the LI can generate a large economic gain for a mean–variance investor. Finally, the predictive sources of the LI stem from a cash flow channel and can be explained by the positive volume–volatility relationship and investor attention.
{"title":"Forecasting stock market returns with a lottery index: Evidence from China","authors":"Yaojie Zhang, Qingxiang Han, Mengxi He","doi":"10.1002/for.3100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/for.3100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study constructs a Chinese lottery index (LI) based on six popular lottery preference variables by using the partial least squares method and examines the relationship between the LI and future stock market returns during the period from January 2000 to December 2021. We find that the LI can negatively predict stock market excess returns in-sample and out-of-sample. In addition, the LI can generate a large economic gain for a mean–variance investor. Finally, the predictive sources of the LI stem from a cash flow channel and can be explained by the positive volume–volatility relationship and investor attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper applies three robust approaches, namely, the MM estimation, the Theil–Sen estimation, and the quantile regression, to generate earnings forecasts in Chinese financial market and evaluates the forecast accuracy of these three methods based on three forecasting criteria. We examine six forecasting models where the predicted variables include earnings per share, net income, and three profitability measures. We show that the three robust methods significantly outperform the OLS method. Moreover, the MM estimation and the quantile regression have better forecast accuracy than the Theil–Sen approach.
本文采用 MM 估计、Theil-Sen 估计和量子回归三种稳健方法生成中国金融市场的盈利预测,并根据三种预测标准评估了这三种方法的预测准确性。我们研究了六个预测模型,预测变量包括每股收益、净利润和三个盈利能力指标。我们发现,这三种稳健方法的预测结果明显优于 OLS 方法。此外,MM 估计法和量化回归法的预测准确性也优于 Theil-Sen 方法。
{"title":"Robust approach to earnings forecast: A comparison","authors":"Xiaojian Yu, Xiaoqian Zhang, Donald Lien","doi":"10.1002/for.3085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper applies three robust approaches, namely, the MM estimation, the Theil–Sen estimation, and the quantile regression, to generate earnings forecasts in Chinese financial market and evaluates the forecast accuracy of these three methods based on three forecasting criteria. We examine six forecasting models where the predicted variables include earnings per share, net income, and three profitability measures. We show that the three robust methods significantly outperform the OLS method. Moreover, the MM estimation and the quantile regression have better forecast accuracy than the Theil–Sen approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a dynamic analysis framework called autoregressive conditional extreme value (AEV), designed for modeling the daily maximum drawdowns of commodity futures markets, using steel rebar futures as an illustrative example. The research demonstrates that AEV outperforms AR or generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH)-type benchmark models in terms of in-sample fitting and out-of-sample forecasting accuracy. Notably, AEV's time-varying shape parameter (tail index) sensitively captures the clustering nature of tail risk and differentiates between long- and short-side markets. The study also presents theoretical findings regarding AEV-based value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES), and empirically measures and predicts the tail risk of the steel rebar futures market. Moreover, the research extends the methodology to create a dynamic margin model for Chinese commodity futures, showing that the AEV-based model effectively achieves the specified risk coverage targets and significantly reduces current exchange margin requirements.
本研究以螺纹钢期货为例,提出了一种名为自回归条件极值(AEV)的动态分析框架,旨在对商品期货市场的每日最大跌幅进行建模。研究表明,就样本内拟合和样本外预测精度而言,AEV 优于 AR 或广义自回归条件异方差(GARCH)型基准模型。值得注意的是,AEV 的时变形状参数(尾部指数)能灵敏地捕捉尾部风险的聚类性质,并区分多头和空头市场。研究还提出了基于 AEV 的风险值(VaR)和预期缺口(ES)的理论结论,并对螺纹钢期货市场的尾部风险进行了实证测量和预测。此外,研究还扩展了方法论,创建了中国商品期货的动态保证金模型,表明基于 AEV 的模型能有效实现指定的风险覆盖目标,并显著降低当前的交易所保证金要求。
{"title":"Tail risk forecasting and its application to margin requirements in the commodity futures market","authors":"Yun Feng, Weijie Hou, Yuping Song","doi":"10.1002/for.3094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/for.3094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a dynamic analysis framework called autoregressive conditional extreme value (AEV), designed for modeling the daily maximum drawdowns of commodity futures markets, using steel rebar futures as an illustrative example. The research demonstrates that AEV outperforms AR or generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH)-type benchmark models in terms of in-sample fitting and out-of-sample forecasting accuracy. Notably, AEV's time-varying shape parameter (tail index) sensitively captures the clustering nature of tail risk and differentiates between long- and short-side markets. The study also presents theoretical findings regarding AEV-based value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES), and empirically measures and predicts the tail risk of the steel rebar futures market. Moreover, the research extends the methodology to create a dynamic margin model for Chinese commodity futures, showing that the AEV-based model effectively achieves the specified risk coverage targets and significantly reduces current exchange margin requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research incorporates realized volatility and overnight information into risk models, wherein the overnight return often contributes significantly to the total return volatility. Extending a semiparametric regression model based on asymmetric Laplace distribution, we propose a family of RES-CAViaR-oc models by adding overnight return and realized measures as a nowcasting technique for simultaneously forecasting Value-at-Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). We utilize Bayesian methods to estimate unknown parameters and forecast VaR and ES jointly for the proposed model family. We also conduct extensive backtests based on joint elicitability of the pair of VaR and ES during the out-of-sample period. Our empirical study on four international stock indices confirms that overnight return and realized volatility are vital in tail risk forecasting.
本研究将已实现波动率和隔夜信息纳入风险模型,其中隔夜回报往往对总回报波动率有重大影响。我们扩展了基于非对称拉普拉斯分布的半参数回归模型,提出了一个 RES-CAViaR-oc 模型系列,通过添加隔夜收益和已实现指标作为同时预测风险值(VaR)和预期缺口(ES)的现时预测技术。我们利用贝叶斯方法来估计未知参数,并联合预测拟议模型系列的风险价值和 ES。我们还根据样本外期间 VaR 和 ES 的联合可求性进行了广泛的回溯测试。我们对四个国际股票指数的实证研究证实,隔夜收益率和实现波动率在尾部风险预测中至关重要。
{"title":"Tail risk forecasting with semiparametric regression models by incorporating overnight information","authors":"Cathy W. S. Chen, Takaaki Koike, Wei-Hsuan Shau","doi":"10.1002/for.3090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research incorporates realized volatility and overnight information into risk models, wherein the overnight return often contributes significantly to the total return volatility. Extending a semiparametric regression model based on asymmetric Laplace distribution, we propose a family of RES-CAViaR-oc models by adding overnight return and realized measures as a nowcasting technique for simultaneously forecasting Value-at-Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). We utilize Bayesian methods to estimate unknown parameters and forecast VaR and ES jointly for the proposed model family. We also conduct extensive backtests based on joint elicitability of the pair of VaR and ES during the out-of-sample period. Our empirical study on four international stock indices confirms that overnight return and realized volatility are vital in tail risk forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139953516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}