Asyrofa Rahmi, Chia-chi Lu, Deron Liang, Ayu Nur Fadilah
Financial distress occurs when a company cannot meet its financial obligations within a specified timeframe, often owing to prolonged poor operational performance. While studies on financial distress prediction (FDP) use financial ratios (FRs) to forecast distress, they neglect to differentiate long-term (LT) attributes from FRs. To address this gap, our study introduces a novel model that distinguishes between LT and short-term (ST) accounting attributes in FRs. Using data from Taiwanese public companies (1991–2018), our proposed model employs a stacking ensemble classifier to split LT and ST Altman's ratios. This study addresses three key questions: (1) Do models involving split of LT and ST ratios outperform those that combine them? (2) How reliable and robust are these proposed models? (3) What is the proposed model's impact on distress prediction? The results show a significant outperformance of the existing solution, with higher accuracy, lower Type I and Type II errors, and reduced misclassification costs. These models are reliable in handling imbalanced data, proving suitable for real-market investigations. Diverse FR contexts from previous Taiwanese studies validate the distinction between LT and ST features, representing robust performance. This model identifies characteristics of correctly and incorrectly predicted distress in companies, providing nuanced insights into complex distress attributes. This study introduces a pioneering model demonstrating superior predictive accuracy, reliability, and robustness by considering the split between LT and ST accounting attributes. It lays a foundation for future studies to extend and refine the proposed model, offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of FDP.
当一家公司无法在规定时间内履行其财务义务时,就会出现财务困境,这通常是由于公司长期经营业绩不佳所致。虽然有关财务困境预测(FDP)的研究使用财务比率(FRs)来预测困境,但它们忽视了长期(LT)属性与财务比率的区别。为了弥补这一不足,我们的研究引入了一个新模型,区分财务比率中的长期(LT)和短期(ST)会计属性。利用台湾上市公司的数据(1991-2018 年),我们提出的模型采用堆叠集合分类器来区分 LT 和 ST Altman 比率。本研究探讨了三个关键问题:(1)将 LT 和 ST 比率拆分的模型优于将它们合并的模型吗?(2) 这些拟议模型的可靠性和稳健性如何?(3) 提议的模型对困境预测有什么影响?结果表明,这些模型的准确性更高、I 类和 II 类误差更小、误分类成本更低,明显优于现有的解决方案。这些模型在处理不平衡数据时非常可靠,证明适用于实际市场调查。之前台湾研究中的多种 FR 情境验证了 LT 和 ST 特征之间的区别,体现了强大的性能。该模型识别了正确预测和错误预测企业困境的特征,为复杂的困境属性提供了细致入微的见解。本研究引入了一个开创性的模型,通过考虑 LT 和 ST 会计属性之间的差异,展示了卓越的预测准确性、可靠性和稳健性。它为未来研究扩展和完善所提出的模型奠定了基础,为了解财务困境的复杂动态提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Splitting long-term and short-term financial ratios for improved financial distress prediction: Evidence from Taiwanese public companies","authors":"Asyrofa Rahmi, Chia-chi Lu, Deron Liang, Ayu Nur Fadilah","doi":"10.1002/for.3143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/for.3143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Financial distress occurs when a company cannot meet its financial obligations within a specified timeframe, often owing to prolonged poor operational performance. While studies on financial distress prediction (FDP) use financial ratios (FRs) to forecast distress, they neglect to differentiate long-term (LT) attributes from FRs. To address this gap, our study introduces a novel model that distinguishes between LT and short-term (ST) accounting attributes in FRs. Using data from Taiwanese public companies (1991–2018), our proposed model employs a stacking ensemble classifier to split LT and ST Altman's ratios. This study addresses three key questions: (1) Do models involving split of LT and ST ratios outperform those that combine them? (2) How reliable and robust are these proposed models? (3) What is the proposed model's impact on distress prediction? The results show a significant outperformance of the existing solution, with higher accuracy, lower Type I and Type II errors, and reduced misclassification costs. These models are reliable in handling imbalanced data, proving suitable for real-market investigations. Diverse FR contexts from previous Taiwanese studies validate the distinction between LT and ST features, representing robust performance. This model identifies characteristics of correctly and incorrectly predicted distress in companies, providing nuanced insights into complex distress attributes. This study introduces a pioneering model demonstrating superior predictive accuracy, reliability, and robustness by considering the split between LT and ST accounting attributes. It lays a foundation for future studies to extend and refine the proposed model, offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of FDP.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The federal funds target rate is commonly considered to be an important indicator of the state of the US economy and is of keen interest to individual investors, financial firms, and other economic agents. In this paper, we focus on the discrete changes in the federal funds target rate during the period from January 1994 to June 2022 and apply the ordinal forest model, a random forest-based prediction method for ordinal response variable. We examine the model's performance with 45 predictor variables which include macroeconomic and financial variables as well as forward-looking survey measures. For an accurate and honest measure of the model performance, we employ single-period-ahead out-of-sample forecasting accuracy instead of evaluating the in-sample fit. Our empirical results show the ordinal forest method significantly outperforms a benchmark that uses the most recent data among previous studies on federal funds target rate. We find that TB spread is the most informative from a forecasting perspective along with GDP, initial jobless claims, and survey measures.
{"title":"Forecasting the direction of the Fed's monetary policy decisions using random forest","authors":"Jungyeon Yoon, Juanjuan Fan","doi":"10.1002/for.3144","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The federal funds target rate is commonly considered to be an important indicator of the state of the US economy and is of keen interest to individual investors, financial firms, and other economic agents. In this paper, we focus on the discrete changes in the federal funds target rate during the period from January 1994 to June 2022 and apply the ordinal forest model, a random forest-based prediction method for ordinal response variable. We examine the model's performance with 45 predictor variables which include macroeconomic and financial variables as well as forward-looking survey measures. For an accurate and honest measure of the model performance, we employ single-period-ahead out-of-sample forecasting accuracy instead of evaluating the in-sample fit. Our empirical results show the ordinal forest method significantly outperforms a benchmark that uses the most recent data among previous studies on federal funds target rate. We find that TB spread is the most informative from a forecasting perspective along with GDP, initial jobless claims, and survey measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/for.3144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesus Crespo Cuaresma, Ines Fortin, Jaroslava Hlouskova, Michael Obersteiner
We develop an econometric modelling framework to forecast commodity prices taking into account potentially different dynamics and linkages existing at different states of the world and using different performance measures to validate the predictions. We assess the extent to which the quality of the forecasts can be improved by entertaining different regime-dependent threshold models considering different threshold variables. We evaluate prediction quality using both loss minimization and profit maximization measures based on directional accuracy, directional value, the ability to predict turning points, and the returns implied by a simple trading strategy. Our analysis provides overwhelming evidence that allowing for regime-dependent dynamics leads to improvements in predictive ability for the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index, as well as for its five sub-indices (energy, industrial metals, precious metals, agriculture, and livestock). Our results suggest the existence of a trade-off between predictive ability based on loss and profit measures, which implies that the particular aim of the prediction exercise carried out plays a very important role in terms of defining which set of models is the best to use.
{"title":"Regime-dependent commodity price dynamics: A predictive analysis","authors":"Jesus Crespo Cuaresma, Ines Fortin, Jaroslava Hlouskova, Michael Obersteiner","doi":"10.1002/for.3152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop an econometric modelling framework to forecast commodity prices taking into account potentially different dynamics and linkages existing at different states of the world and using different performance measures to validate the predictions. We assess the extent to which the quality of the forecasts can be improved by entertaining different regime-dependent threshold models considering different threshold variables. We evaluate prediction quality using both loss minimization and profit maximization measures based on directional accuracy, directional value, the ability to predict turning points, and the returns implied by a simple trading strategy. Our analysis provides overwhelming evidence that allowing for regime-dependent dynamics leads to improvements in predictive ability for the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index, as well as for its five sub-indices (energy, industrial metals, precious metals, agriculture, and livestock). Our results suggest the existence of a trade-off between predictive ability based on loss and profit measures, which implies that the particular aim of the prediction exercise carried out plays a very important role in terms of defining which set of models is the best to use.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/for.3152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohang Ren, Wenting Jiang, Qiang Ji, Pengxiang Zhai
In this paper, we propose a novel imaging method to forecast the daily price data of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures. We use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for future price trend prediction and obtain higher prediction accuracy than other benchmark forecasting methods. The results show that images can contain more nonlinear information, which is beneficial for energy price forecasting. Nonlinear factors also have a strong influence during drastic fluctuations in crude oil prices. In the robustness tests, we find that the image-based CNN is the most stable approach and can be applied in various futures forecasting scenarios. In the prediction of low-frequency models for high-frequency data, the CNN method still retains considerable predictive power, indicating the possibility of transfer learning of our novel approach. By unleashing the power of the picture, we open up a whole new perspective for forecasting future energy trends.
{"title":"Seeing is believing: Forecasting crude oil price trend from the perspective of images","authors":"Xiaohang Ren, Wenting Jiang, Qiang Ji, Pengxiang Zhai","doi":"10.1002/for.3149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we propose a novel imaging method to forecast the daily price data of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures. We use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for future price trend prediction and obtain higher prediction accuracy than other benchmark forecasting methods. The results show that images can contain more nonlinear information, which is beneficial for energy price forecasting. Nonlinear factors also have a strong influence during drastic fluctuations in crude oil prices. In the robustness tests, we find that the image-based CNN is the most stable approach and can be applied in various futures forecasting scenarios. In the prediction of low-frequency models for high-frequency data, the CNN method still retains considerable predictive power, indicating the possibility of transfer learning of our novel approach. By unleashing the power of the picture, we open up a whole new perspective for forecasting future energy trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Portfolio management is crucial for investors. We propose a dynamic portfolio management framework based on reinforcement learning using the proximal policy optimization algorithm. The two-part framework includes a feature extraction network and a full connected network. First, the majority of the previous research on portfolio management based on reinforcement learning has been dedicated to discrete action spaces. We propose a potential solution to the problem of a continuous action space with a constraint (i.e., the sum of the portfolio weights is equal to 1). Second, we explore different feature extraction networks (i.e., convolutional neural network [CNN], long short-term memory [LSTM] network, and convolutional LSTM network) combined with our system, and we conduct extensive experiments on the six kinds of assets, including 16 features. The empirical results show that the CNN performs best in the test set. Last, we discuss the effect of the trading frequency on our trading system and find that the monthly trading frequency has a higher Sharpe ratio in the test set than other trading frequencies.
{"title":"Portfolio management based on a reinforcement learning framework","authors":"Wu Junfeng, Li Yaoming, Tan Wenqing, Chen Yun","doi":"10.1002/for.3155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Portfolio management is crucial for investors. We propose a dynamic portfolio management framework based on reinforcement learning using the proximal policy optimization algorithm. The two-part framework includes a feature extraction network and a full connected network. First, the majority of the previous research on portfolio management based on reinforcement learning has been dedicated to discrete action spaces. We propose a potential solution to the problem of a continuous action space with a constraint (i.e., the sum of the portfolio weights is equal to 1). Second, we explore different feature extraction networks (i.e., convolutional neural network [CNN], long short-term memory [LSTM] network, and convolutional LSTM network) combined with our system, and we conduct extensive experiments on the six kinds of assets, including 16 features. The empirical results show that the CNN performs best in the test set. Last, we discuss the effect of the trading frequency on our trading system and find that the monthly trading frequency has a higher Sharpe ratio in the test set than other trading frequencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The challenges in citywide traffic flow are intricate, encompassing various factors like temporal and spatial dependencies, holidays, and weather. Despite the complexity, there are still research gaps in effectively incorporating these spatio-temporal relations through deep learning. Addressing these gaps is crucial for tackling issues such as traffic congestion, public safety, and efficient traffic management within cities. This paper underscores notable research gaps, including the development of models capable of handling both local and global traffic flow patterns, integrating multi-modal data sources, and effectively managing spatio-temporal dependencies. In this paper, we proposed a novel model named 3D spatial–temporal-based adaptive modeling graph convolutional network (3D(STAMGCN)) that addresses for traffic flow data in better periodicity modeling. In contrast to earlier studies, 3D(STAMGCN) approaches the task of traffic flow prediction as a periodic residual learning problem. This is achieved by capturing the input variation between historical time segments and the anticipated output for future time segments. Forecasting traffic flow, as opposed to a direct approach, is significantly simpler when focusing on learning more stationary deviations. This, in turn, aids in the training of the model. Nevertheless, the networks enable residual generation at each time interval through learned variations between future conditions and their corresponding weekly observations. Consequently, this significantly contributes to achieving more accurate forecasts for multiple steps ahead. We executed extensive experiments on two real-world datasets and compared the performance of our model to state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques.
{"title":"Traffic flow prediction: A 3D adaptive multi-module joint modeling approach integrating spatial-temporal patterns to capture global features","authors":"Zain Ul Abideen, Xiaodong Sun, Chao Sun","doi":"10.1002/for.3147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The challenges in citywide traffic flow are intricate, encompassing various factors like temporal and spatial dependencies, holidays, and weather. Despite the complexity, there are still research gaps in effectively incorporating these spatio-temporal relations through deep learning. Addressing these gaps is crucial for tackling issues such as traffic congestion, public safety, and efficient traffic management within cities. This paper underscores notable research gaps, including the development of models capable of handling both local and global traffic flow patterns, integrating multi-modal data sources, and effectively managing spatio-temporal dependencies. In this paper, we proposed a novel model named 3D spatial–temporal-based adaptive modeling graph convolutional network (3D(STAMGCN)) that addresses for traffic flow data in better periodicity modeling. In contrast to earlier studies, 3D(STAMGCN) approaches the task of traffic flow prediction as a periodic residual learning problem. This is achieved by capturing the input variation between historical time segments and the anticipated output for future time segments. Forecasting traffic flow, as opposed to a direct approach, is significantly simpler when focusing on learning more stationary deviations. This, in turn, aids in the training of the model. Nevertheless, the networks enable residual generation at each time interval through learned variations between future conditions and their corresponding weekly observations. Consequently, this significantly contributes to achieving more accurate forecasts for multiple steps ahead. We executed extensive experiments on two real-world datasets and compared the performance of our model to state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141063335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aggregated long and short trading risk positions of speculative assets over time are likely to be unequal. This may be because of irrational decisions of traders and investors as well as catastrophic events that lead to pronounce or salient market crashes. Returns of such assets are therefore more likely to have one polynomial tail and one exponential tail. The generalized hyperbolic (GH) skewed Student-t distribution is known to handle such situations quite well. In this paper, we use generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models to empirically show the superiority of the GH skewed Student-t distribution in forecasting the extreme tail risks of cryptocurrency returns in the presence of substantial skewness in comparison with some competing distributions. Furthermore, we show the practical significance of the GH skewed Student-t distribution-based risk forecasts in computing daily capital requirements. Evidence from the study suggests that the GH skewed Student-t distribution model tends to be superior in forecasting volatility and expected shortfall (ES) but not value-at-risk. In addition, the distribution yields higher value-at-risk (VaR) exceptions but surprisingly avoids the red zone of the Basel II accord penalty zones and produces lower but optimal daily capital requirements. Therefore, in the presence of substantially skewed returns having exponential-polynomial tails, we recommend the use of the GH skewed Student-t distribution for parametric GARCH models in forecasting extreme tail risk.
{"title":"Forecasting tail risk of skewed financial returns having exponential-polynomial tails","authors":"Albert Antwi, Emmanuel N. Gyamfi, Anokye M. Adam","doi":"10.1002/for.3154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aggregated long and short trading risk positions of speculative assets over time are likely to be unequal. This may be because of irrational decisions of traders and investors as well as catastrophic events that lead to pronounce or salient market crashes. Returns of such assets are therefore more likely to have one polynomial tail and one exponential tail. The generalized hyperbolic (GH) skewed Student-<i>t</i> distribution is known to handle such situations quite well. In this paper, we use generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models to empirically show the superiority of the GH skewed Student-<i>t</i> distribution in forecasting the extreme tail risks of cryptocurrency returns in the presence of substantial skewness in comparison with some competing distributions. Furthermore, we show the practical significance of the GH skewed Student-<i>t</i> distribution-based risk forecasts in computing daily capital requirements. Evidence from the study suggests that the GH skewed Student-<i>t</i> distribution model tends to be superior in forecasting volatility and expected shortfall (ES) but not value-at-risk. In addition, the distribution yields higher value-at-risk (VaR) exceptions but surprisingly avoids the red zone of the Basel II accord penalty zones and produces lower but optimal daily capital requirements. Therefore, in the presence of substantially skewed returns having exponential-polynomial tails, we recommend the use of the GH skewed Student-<i>t</i> distribution for parametric GARCH models in forecasting extreme tail risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/for.3154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most existing studies on volatility forecasting have focused on interday characteristics and ignored intraday characteristics of high-frequency data, especially the asymmetric impact of positive and negative jumps on volatility. In this paper, 5-min high-frequency data are used to construct realized volatility which is decomposed into continuous components and jump components with positive and negative directions. Then, this information is combined with the long short-term memory model for the realized volatility prediction. The empirical analysis demonstrates that negative jumps resulting from negative news have a more significant impact on market volatility than positive jumps. Additionally, the long short-term memory model, which incorporates positive and negative jump volatility, outperforms traditional econometric and machine learning models in predicting out-of-sample volatility. Furthermore, applying the prediction results to value at risk yields a better measurement effect than the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model.
{"title":"Volatility forecasting incorporating intraday positive and negative jumps based on deep learning model","authors":"Yilun Zhang, Yuping Song, Ying Peng, Hanchao Wang","doi":"10.1002/for.3146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most existing studies on volatility forecasting have focused on interday characteristics and ignored intraday characteristics of high-frequency data, especially the asymmetric impact of positive and negative jumps on volatility. In this paper, 5-min high-frequency data are used to construct realized volatility which is decomposed into continuous components and jump components with positive and negative directions. Then, this information is combined with the long short-term memory model for the realized volatility prediction. The empirical analysis demonstrates that negative jumps resulting from negative news have a more significant impact on market volatility than positive jumps. Additionally, the long short-term memory model, which incorporates positive and negative jump volatility, outperforms traditional econometric and machine learning models in predicting out-of-sample volatility. Furthermore, applying the prediction results to value at risk yields a better measurement effect than the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional linear models struggle to capture the intricate relationship between dynamic container throughput and its complex interplay with economic fluctuations. This study introduces a novel, deep learning-based multivariate framework for precision in demanding landscapes. The framework consistently outperforms eight established benchmark models by employing vital economic indicators like GDP and port tonnage, identified through rigorous predictor importance analysis of an initial set of four variables, including imports and exports. Statistical significance is demonstrably achieved through the Diebold–Mariano and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Utilizing the Port of Singapore as a case study, the framework offers agile adaptability for the ever-evolving global supply chain. Comprehensive analyses ensure robustness, decoding intricate throughput dynamics. Incorporating noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) for nonlinear decomposition and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) for time series dependencies, this innovative approach holds promise for revolutionizing container throughput forecasting and enhancing competitiveness in the global market through optimized resource allocation and streamlined operations.
传统的线性模型难以捕捉集装箱动态吞吐量之间错综复杂的关系及其与经济波动之间复杂的相互作用。本研究介绍了一种新颖的、基于深度学习的多变量框架,可在要求苛刻的环境中实现精确性。该框架采用了 GDP 和港口吨位等重要经济指标,通过对包括进出口在内的初始四组变量进行严格的预测重要性分析,确定了这些指标,其性能始终优于八个既定的基准模型。通过 Diebold-Mariano 和 Wilcoxon 秩和检验,统计意义明显。以新加坡港为案例,该框架为不断变化的全球供应链提供了灵活的适应性。综合分析确保了稳健性,解码了错综复杂的吞吐量动态。这种创新方法结合了用于非线性分解的噪声辅助多变量经验模式分解(NA-MEMD)和用于时间序列依赖性的双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM),有望彻底改变集装箱吞吐量预测,并通过优化资源配置和简化操作提高在全球市场的竞争力。
{"title":"A deep learning-based multivariate decomposition and ensemble framework for container throughput forecasting","authors":"Anurag Kulshrestha, Abhishek Yadav, Himanshu Sharma, Shikha Suman","doi":"10.1002/for.3151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditional linear models struggle to capture the intricate relationship between dynamic container throughput and its complex interplay with economic fluctuations. This study introduces a novel, deep learning-based multivariate framework for precision in demanding landscapes. The framework consistently outperforms eight established benchmark models by employing vital economic indicators like GDP and port tonnage, identified through rigorous predictor importance analysis of an initial set of four variables, including imports and exports. Statistical significance is demonstrably achieved through the Diebold–Mariano and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Utilizing the Port of Singapore as a case study, the framework offers agile adaptability for the ever-evolving global supply chain. Comprehensive analyses ensure robustness, decoding intricate throughput dynamics. Incorporating noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) for nonlinear decomposition and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) for time series dependencies, this innovative approach holds promise for revolutionizing container throughput forecasting and enhancing competitiveness in the global market through optimized resource allocation and streamlined operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we show that industry volatility concentration is a strong predictor for aggregate stock market returns. Our monthly industry volatility concentration (IVC) index displays significant predictive ability, with in-sample and out-of-sample R2 statistics of 0.686% and 0.712%, respectively, which outperforms a host of prevailing return predictors. Moreover, the IVC index can generate high utility gains of 143.8 basis points above the historical average benchmark for mean–variance investors. We find that the IVC index is countercyclical. Furthermore, the predictive source of the IVC index not only stems from the cash flow and discount rate channels but is also explained by the channels of investor attention and sentiment. The predictive ability of our IVC index also remains significant under a broad range of robustness tests.
{"title":"Forecasting stock returns with industry volatility concentration","authors":"Yaojie Zhang, Mengxi He, Zhikai Zhang","doi":"10.1002/for.3150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/for.3150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we show that industry volatility concentration is a strong predictor for aggregate stock market returns. Our monthly industry volatility concentration (IVC) index displays significant predictive ability, with in-sample and out-of-sample <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> statistics of 0.686% and 0.712%, respectively, which outperforms a host of prevailing return predictors. Moreover, the IVC index can generate high utility gains of 143.8 basis points above the historical average benchmark for mean–variance investors. We find that the IVC index is countercyclical. Furthermore, the predictive source of the IVC index not only stems from the cash flow and discount rate channels but is also explained by the channels of investor attention and sentiment. The predictive ability of our IVC index also remains significant under a broad range of robustness tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":47835,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forecasting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}