Journal of Transport & Health最新文献_第3页

The effect of trust in neighbourhood on parents' decision to drive their children to school: Insights from a hybrid choice model 邻里信任对家长决定送孩子上学的影响：混合选择模型的启示

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101934

Azamsadat Hosseini Shoabjareh, Milad Ghasri

Introduction

The growing trend of children being driven to school has become a cause of concern in developed countries, with parents' perception of trust in neighbourhoods emerging as a key determinant. Previous research has mainly investigated the influence of either the mother's or the father's perception on children's school travel. While the contribution of each parent's perception to the final decision, and the factors affecting this contribution, remains unclear.

Methods

This study leverages data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) to examine the distinct roles of mothers' and fathers' perceptions of trust in the neighbourhood on their children's school travel mode. It proposes a hybrid choice model (HCM) to measure the contribution of each parent's perception as a function of their socio-economic status (SES) in the school travel mode decision.

Results

The results indicate that a higher parental perception of trust in the neighbourhood significantly reduces the likelihood of using private car to take children to school. The study also identifies several factors that influence parental perception of trust, highlighting differing impacts on mothers and fathers. Neighbourhood SES has a more pronounced positive impact on mothers’ perceptions of trust, whereas homeownership and urban residency exhibit stronger effects on fathers' perceptions. The analysis further delineates the contribution of individual parents to the overall parental perception of trust, demonstrating that higher levels of income decrease this contribution.

Conclusion

This study highlights the significant role of parental perception of neighbourhood trust in children's school travel mode, with both mothers' and fathers' perceptions playing crucial roles. Neighbourhood SES, homeownership, urban residence, and ethnic diversity shape parents' perceptions, with differing effects on mothers and fathers. Future policy initiatives should focus on fostering trust and social inclusion through community events, multicultural programs, and social activities to enhance neighbourhood cohesion and support sustainable school travel choices.

导言：在发达国家，儿童乘车上学的趋势日益明显，这已引起人们的关注，而家长对邻里信任度的看法则成为一个关键的决定因素。以往的研究主要调查母亲或父亲的观念对儿童上学的影响。本研究利用 "澳大利亚儿童纵向研究"（LSAC）的数据，研究了母亲和父亲对邻里信任的认知对子女上学方式的不同影响。研究提出了一个混合选择模型（HCM），以衡量父母双方的认知作为其社会经济地位（SES）函数在学校出行方式决策中的贡献。结果研究结果表明，父母对邻里信任度越高，使用私家车接送孩子上学的可能性就越低。研究还发现了影响父母信任感的几个因素，并强调了对母亲和父亲的不同影响。邻里社会经济地位对母亲的信任感有更明显的积极影响，而房屋所有权和城市居民身份对父亲的信任感有更强的影响。本研究强调了父母对邻里信任的认知对儿童上学方式的重要作用，其中母亲和父亲的认知起着至关重要的作用。邻里社会经济地位、房屋所有权、城市居住地和种族多样性影响着父母的看法，对母亲和父亲的影响各不相同。未来的政策措施应侧重于通过社区活动、多元文化项目和社会活动来促进信任和社会包容，从而增强邻里凝聚力，支持可持续的学校出行选择。

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引用次数: 0

Three pedestrian phasing with audible pedestrian signals configurations: Experience of blind or visually impaired persons in Quebec City (Canada) 三种行人相位与行人发声信号配置：加拿大魁北克市盲人或视障人士的体验

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101938

François Routhier , Josiane Lettre , Caroline Pigeon , Valérie Martel , René Binet , Véronique Vézina , Olivier Collomb d'Eyrames , E. Owen Waygood , Mir Abolfazl Mostafavi , Ernesto Morales

Objective

Audible pedestrian signals are strategically placed in some intersections to enhance safety, independence and accessibility for blind or visually impaired persons. This study appraised the sense and level of safety of blind or visually impaired persons with respect to three types of pedestrian phasing with audible pedestrian signals configurations that exist in Quebec City, Canada. These include: 1) exclusive phasing with non-directional audible pedestrian signals; 2) exclusive phasing with directional audible pedestrian signals; and 3) concurrent phasing with directional audible pedestrian signals.

Methods

Experiments with 18 participants were conducted at six crossing corridors that were carefully selected by members of an advisory committee that included diverse stakeholders. In addition to the three possible pedestrian phasing with audible pedestrian signals configurations, situations involving short and long crossing distances were included. Each corridor was crossed three times by each participant. For each crossing, participants' trajectories were objectively determined using a satellite positioning system which uses a relative positioning mode. Participants’ sense of safety was also questioned after each crossing using a visual analog scale.

Results

The results obtained do not allow for the identification of an ideal configuration or even a configuration to avoid based on the level of safety. However, findings suggest that the exclusive phasing with directional audible pedestrian signals configuration is perceived to be the safest option by the participants.

Conclusion

This study may have practical implications on the design of intersections (e.g., selection of a type of pedestrian phasing with audible pedestrian signal) and the training of blind or visually impaired pedestrians.

目标在一些十字路口战略性地设置发声行人信号灯，以提高盲人或视障人士的安全性、独立性和无障碍性。本研究评估了加拿大魁北克市现有的三种带发声行人信号灯的行人相位配置对盲人或视障人士的影响和安全程度。这些配置包括方法在由不同利益相关者组成的咨询委员会成员精心挑选的六个过街通道进行了 18 人参加的实验。除了三种可能的行人信号灯相位配置外，还包括短距离和长距离的过街情况。每位参与者在每条走廊上都要过街三次。每次穿越时，参与者的轨迹都是通过使用相对定位模式的卫星定位系统客观测定的。每次穿越后，还使用视觉模拟量表对参与者的安全感进行了调查。结论这项研究可能对交叉路口的设计（例如，选择一种带有行人发声信号的行人相位）以及盲人或视障行人的培训具有实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest Statements in previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章中缺少 "竞争利益声明 "的勘误

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101914

引用次数: 0

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章中缺少 "竞争利益声明 "的勘误

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101900

引用次数: 0

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章中缺少 "竞争利益声明 "的勘误

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101916

引用次数: 0

20mph speed limits and zones for better public health: Meta-narrative evidence synthesis 每小时 20 英里的速度限制和区域可改善公众健康：元叙事证据综述

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101917

Carel-Peter L. van Erpecum , Anna Bornioli , Claire Cleland , Sarah Jones , Adrian Davis , Nicolette R. den Braver , Paul Pilkington

Background

Recently, twenty miles per hour (20mph/30kph) speed limit and zone interventions have been increasingly adopted in various European cities. These 20mph speed limits and zones do not only contribute to road safety but they may also be beneficial for public health outcomes such as active travel, physical activity, and air pollution. We aimed to provide an updated assessment of the evidence for potential health effects of 20mph speed limits and zones.

Methods

We searched four electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Transport Research Information Service and assessed the grey literature through keywords related to ‘20mph’ or ‘30kph’ and health outcomes.

Results

A total of 23 publications (13 academic and ten grey literature publications) were identified. Overall, 20mph speed limits and zones have clear effects on injuries, collisions, and casualties. The wider effects of 20mph speed limits and zones on public health outcomes such as active travel, physical activity, and air pollution need further evaluation. Several subgroup analyses suggested differential effects for age groups, gender, neighbourhood deprivation level, ethnic background, employment status, health status, and type of road user (e.g., cyclist). Additionally, methodological limitations of the evidence base were highlighted, including challenges regarding exposure and outcome measurement and description, and the difficulty of evaluating changes in public health variables over long follow-up periods when using natural experimental methods.

Conclusions

20mph speed limits and zones have the potential to improve road safety. Whilst the broader public health effects of 20mph remain poorly understood given difficulties in evaluating, the logic path through which 20mph speed limits and zones can benefit public health is clear. Future research should address this gap and consider the broader role that lower speed limits and zones can play in creating healthier cities.

背景最近，欧洲多个城市越来越多地采用了每小时 20 英里（20mph/30kph）的速度限制和区域干预措施。这些每小时 20 英里的限速和限行区不仅有助于道路安全，还可能对积极出行、体育锻炼和空气污染等公共健康结果有益。我们的目的是对 20mph 车速限制和限速区的潜在健康影响的证据进行最新评估。方法我们检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 Transport Research Information Service 四个电子数据库，并通过与 "20mph "或 "30kph "和健康结果相关的关键词对灰色文献进行了评估。总体而言，时速 20mph 限速和限速区对伤害、碰撞和伤亡有明显的影响。20mph 车速限制和限速区对积极出行、体育锻炼和空气污染等公共健康结果的广泛影响还需要进一步评估。一些分组分析表明，不同年龄组、性别、社区贫困程度、种族背景、就业状况、健康状况和道路使用者类型（如骑自行车者）会产生不同的影响。此外，还强调了证据基础在方法上的局限性，包括暴露和结果测量与描述方面的挑战，以及在使用自然实验方法时，评估长期随访期间公共健康变量变化的困难。虽然由于评估困难，人们对每小时 20 英里的车速对公众健康的广泛影响仍然知之甚少，但每小时 20 英里的车速限制和限速区可以使公众健康受益的逻辑路径是清晰的。未来的研究应弥补这一不足，并考虑更低的车速限制和区域在创建更健康的城市中所能发挥的更广泛作用。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding parental support for infrastructure and policy changes that encourage active travel among children 了解家长对鼓励儿童积极出行的基础设施和政策变革的支持情况

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101932

Shannon Sahlqvist , Karen Lim , Venurs Loh , Jenny Veitch , Jo Salmon , Anna Timperio

Introduction

Creating a safe environment for active travel is regarded as necessary to encourage greater uptake, particularly for children. Doing so, however, may be politically challenging due to perceived community opposition. This study explored parental support for active travel infrastructure and policy changes, and differences by socio-demographic characteristics and child travel characteristics.

Methods

Through an online survey, Victorian (Australia) parents (n = 917) of children in grades 3–6 reported their level of support for 11 policy and infrastructure initiatives, postcode (to determine area-level disadvantage and urbanicity), age, gender, highest level of education, household car ownership, child's active school travel, child's bike access, distance from home to school, and whether they spoke a language other than English at home and were born outside Australia (cultural and linguistic diversity (CaLD)). The proportion of parents indicating support for each initiative was calculated. Ordinal logistic regression examined differences in support by key characterises, with all socio-demographic and travel characteristics entered simultaneously.

Results

Almost all participants were female (88%), 20.3% lived in an area of most-disadvantage, 9.3% were CaLD and 32.4% had one or no household vehicle. Over 80% supported: additional road crossings around schools, more drop-off zones within walking distance of schools, wider footpaths allowing for a mix of users, and separated bike lanes. Initiatives that received the least support (less than 60%) related to changes in the roads around schools, including banning cars at drop-off and pick-up times and converting roads to shared streets or one-way traffic. Greater support for several key initiatives was found among respondents in areas of more disadvantage, who were CaLD, and who had one or no household vehicle.

Conclusion

Parents were supportive of the initiatives. The least supported initiatives were those that restricted car travel. These findings can inform future infrastructural changes to support active travel.

导言为积极出行创造安全的环境被认为是鼓励更多人，尤其是儿童积极出行的必要条件。然而，由于社区的反对，这样做在政治上可能具有挑战性。本研究探讨了父母对积极出行基础设施和政策变化的支持，以及不同社会人口特征和儿童出行特征的差异。方法通过在线调查，维多利亚州（澳大利亚）3-6年级儿童的家长（n = 917）报告了他们对11项政策和基础设施举措的支持程度、邮编（以确定地区层面的不利条件和城市化程度）、年龄、性别、最高教育水平、家庭汽车拥有量、儿童主动上学出行情况、儿童骑自行车出行情况、从家到学校的距离，以及他们是否在家中讲英语以外的语言和是否在澳大利亚以外出生（文化和语言多样性（CaLD））。我们计算了表示支持每项倡议的家长比例。结果几乎所有参与者都是女性（88%），20.3%生活在最贫困地区，9.3%是CaLD，32.4%有一辆或没有家用车。超过 80% 的人支持：在学校周围增设过街天桥，在学校步行距离内增设更多的落客区，拓宽人行道，允许混合使用，以及设置独立的自行车道。获得支持最少的倡议（不到 60%）与学校周边道路的改变有关，包括在上下学时间禁止车辆通行，以及将道路改为共用街道或单向交通。在一些关键措施中，条件较差地区的受访者、CaLD、有一辆或没有家用车的受访者的支持率较高。最不支持的措施是限制汽车出行的措施。这些发现可以为未来支持积极出行的基础设施改革提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Decision-making optimization for post-disaster restoration of multimodal transport networks in terms of resilience 从抗灾能力角度优化灾后多式联运网络修复决策

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101928

Sue Zhao , Mandi Jiang , Haibo Kuang , Min Wan

Introduction

Public health emergencies can have a ripple effect on the resilience of multimodal transport network, which will lead to problems such as route disruptions or blockages, route selection change and information transmission delay spreading to the whole network, further hindering the transportation planning and operational efficiency of the network.

Methods

This study constructs a multimodal transport route optimization model under uncertainty with the objective of the sum of transportation cost, transshipment cost, penalty cost and carbon emission cost. To enhance the computational efficiency of the model, a novel invasive weed optimization with memory and encoding value clustering capabilities is proposed. In addition, by fusing the Q-learning algorithm in reinforcement learning with the novel invasive weed algorithm, the action-value function table obtained from the training facilitates the selection of optimal routes. Based on empirical data, explore the sensitivity analysis of node disruptions, time windows, and fuzzy demand on route decision-making under public health emergencies.

Results

The transport network is affected by public health emergencies, which makes the optimal route deviate from the expected goal, resulting in an increase in the total cost. The proportion of total cost is determined by the position of nodes in the network, with critical nodes suffering more losses than ordinary nodes. Reasonable setting of time windows and fuzzy demand intervals is an effective way to improve the resilience and transportation efficiency of multimodal transport network.

Conclusions

This study provides more applicable decision-making references for enterprises to prevent the risk of supply chain disruptions caused by public health emergencies.

引言突发公共卫生事件会对多式联运网络的恢复能力产生连锁反应，导致线路中断或堵塞、线路选择改变、信息传输延迟等问题波及全网，进一步阻碍网络的运输规划和运营效率。方法本研究构建了不确定条件下的多式联运线路优化模型，目标为运输成本、转运成本、惩罚成本和碳排放成本之和。为提高模型的计算效率，提出了一种具有记忆和编码值聚类功能的新型入侵式杂草优化方法。此外，通过将强化学习中的 Q-learning 算法与新型入侵杂草算法相融合，训练得到的行动值函数表有助于选择最优路线。基于实证数据，探讨突发公共卫生事件下节点中断、时间窗和模糊需求对路线决策的敏感性分析。结果突发公共卫生事件影响交通网络，使最优路线偏离预期目标，导致总成本增加。总成本的比例由节点在网络中的位置决定，关键节点的损失大于普通节点。合理设置时间窗口和模糊需求区间是提高多式联运网络应变能力和运输效率的有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Examining the health effects of public transport use on older adults: A systematic review 研究使用公共交通对老年人健康的影响：系统回顾

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101931

Omer Dilian , Caroline Beckers , Frank Witlox , Nadav Davidovitch , Karel Martens

Background and aim

Public transport use has been linked to several health benefits in the general population and is crucial for older adults’ mobility, due to an age-related decline in physical and cognitive capacity and mobility, particularly the ability to use other modes of transport. The objective of this systematic review is to determine what is known about the physical and mental health outcomes of public transport use of older adults and to identify remaining gaps in the literature.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched in April 2023, and then updated in January 2024: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ageline and Transport Research International Documentation (TRID). Included were studies that were in English, contained a measure of public transport use as exposure, and any health outcome, including mental or physical health, physical or cognitive function, morbidity, or mortality, among people aged ≥60 years.

Results

Of a total of 2247 unique records that were screened, the full text of 20 was assessed for eligibility and 11 were identified as eligible. Citation search identified two additional studies, amounting to a total of 13 included studies. Significant health outcomes described in assessed studies were decreased obesity and depressive symptoms, and to a lesser extent increased gait speed and cognitive function.

Conclusions

Initial evidence suggests a positive impact of public transport use on obesity, depressive symptoms, gait and cognitive function, although available research was limited in context and methodology. Further research should focus on determining causality between public transport use and health, and be conducted in more diverse contexts. Transport and urban planners, as well as policymakers, should consider the implications of public transport on the health and independence of older adults.

背景和目的在普通人群中，使用公共交通与多种健康益处有关，而且由于老年人的身体和认知能力以及行动能力，尤其是使用其他交通工具的能力会随着年龄的增长而下降，因此使用公共交通对老年人的行动能力至关重要。本系统性综述旨在确定有关老年人使用公共交通对身心健康影响的已知信息，并找出文献中尚存在的空白：方法于 2023 年 4 月检索了五个电子数据库，并于 2024 年 1 月进行了更新：Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science、Ageline 和 Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)。所纳入的研究均为英文研究，包含以公共交通使用情况作为暴露测量指标，以及任何健康结果，包括精神或身体健康、身体或认知功能、发病率或死亡率，研究对象为年龄≥60 岁的人群。结果在筛选出的共计 2247 条唯一记录中，对 20 条记录的全文进行了资格评估，确定 11 条符合条件。通过引文检索又发现了两项研究，总共纳入了 13 项研究。结论初步证据表明，使用公共交通对肥胖、抑郁症状、步态和认知功能有积极影响，但现有研究的背景和方法有限。进一步的研究应侧重于确定公共交通使用与健康之间的因果关系，并在更多样化的环境中进行。交通和城市规划者以及政策制定者应考虑公共交通对老年人健康和独立性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of a nonemergency private transportation program for low-income adults in a rural setting 针对农村地区低收入成年人的非紧急私人交通计划的评估和成本效益分析

IF 3.2 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101929

Alice R. Richman , Abby J. Schwartz , Haiyong Liu , Mallary Scott , Weyling White , Caroline Doherty

Background

Access to transportation can improve the health of communities. Since 2015, Project TRIP (Transporting Residents with Innovative Practices) has offered free nonemergency privately operated individualized transportation for low-income residents in rural eastern North Carolina. We sought to evaluate the impact of Project TRIP on health outcome and healthcare utilization measures and to conduct an economic evaluation of its cost benefit.

Methods

Key health outcome and healthcare utilization variables were compared across 101 Project TRIP users before and after TRIP participation via data obtained from electronic health records from 2017 to 2021. The cost-benefit analysis included a comparison of the costs of operating Project TRIP as compared to the savings of fewer hospital and emergency department admissions. Pre and post TRIP comparisons were analyzed on the following: A1C scores, no show/missed appointments, body weight, body mass index, and number of emergency room and hospital admissions.

Results

Over half (58%) of Project TRIP users were female with a mean age of 54. Most riders were Black (69%), either received Medicaid (32%) or Medicare (17%) or were uninsured (22%). All variables showed a decrease (improvement) post TRIP utilization. The average A1C level decreased by 0.52 post TRIP utilization (statistically significant at 10% level). The number of hospital admissions also decreased (statistically significant at 1% level) for TRIP users. Other key measures also improved for TRIP users but not at statistically significant levels. The estimated net savings of Project TRIP in hospital and emergency room visits alone after deducting operating costs in the past 5 years was $720,544.

Conclusions

This study found that access to a non-emergency medical transportation program was cost-effective in reducing emergency room and hospital expenditures. Project TRIP users demonstrated an improvement in health outcomes post TRIP utilization. Expanding model rural transit programs and policies are needed.

背景交通可以改善社区的健康状况。自 2015 年以来，TRIP 项目（以创新实践接送居民）为北卡罗来纳州东部农村地区的低收入居民提供了免费的非紧急私人个性化交通服务。我们试图评估 TRIP 项目对健康结果和医疗保健利用措施的影响，并对其成本效益进行经济评估。方法通过从 2017 年至 2021 年的电子健康记录中获取的数据，比较了 101 名 TRIP 项目用户在参与 TRIP 项目前后的主要健康结果和医疗保健利用变量。成本效益分析包括比较 TRIP 项目的运营成本与因减少住院和急诊入院而节省的费用。TRIP 项目前后的比较分析如下：结果超过一半（58%）的 TRIP 项目用户为女性，平均年龄为 54 岁。大多数使用者为黑人（69%），有的接受医疗补助（32%）或医疗保险（17%），有的没有保险（22%）。使用 TRIP 后，所有变量都有所下降（改善）。使用 TRIP 后，平均 A1C 水平下降了 0.52（在 10%的水平上具有统计学意义）。TRIP 使用者的入院次数也有所减少（在 1%的水平上有统计学意义）。TRIP 用户的其他关键指标也有所改善，但在统计上没有显著意义。在扣除过去 5 年的运营成本后，估计 TRIP 项目仅在医院和急诊室就诊方面就净节省了 720,544 美元。使用 TRIP 项目后，用户的健康状况有所改善。需要扩大示范性农村交通计划和政策。

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引用次数: 0