Salud Publica De Mexico最新文献

Objective: To evaluate the identification and objective understanding of precautionary legends regarding non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) and caffeine in sweetened beverages (SBs).

Materials and methods: The labeling questionnaire from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2021 was administered to Mexican adults over 20 years old. Identification was assessed when the participants reported seeing the legend. Objective understanding was determined by correctly evaluating the nutritional quality of SBs. For this evaluation, 50% of the participants were presented with an image of a sugary drink displaying the precautionary legend, while the other 50% without the legend.

Results: For the NSS legend, the odds of correctly evaluating the nutritional quality of a SB were higher among participants who identified the NSS legend (OR: 1.62, 95%CI: 1.12,2.34) compared to those who did not. Similarly, the odds were higher when the product was presented with the legend compared to when it was not (OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.01,1.51). For the caffeine legend, the odds of correctly evaluating the nutritional quality of a SB were four times higher among participants who identified the legend compared to those who did not (OR: 3.97, 95%CI: 1.98,7.97).

Conclusion: Greater effectiveness was observed among participants who identified the legends. We recommend implementing strategies to enhance the identification of precautionary legends.

Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de una intervención educativa sobre salud sexual, reproductiva y menstrual para reducir prejuicios vinculados con la menstruación. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo cuasiexperimental con 351 adolescentes mujeres y hombres de secundaria de tres escuelas públicas en Morelos (225 control y 126 intervención). Se construyó un índice aditivo para identificar el cambio en percepción y prejuicios sobre la menstruación y se realizó un análisis de diferencias en diferencias para medir el impacto de la intervención en este indicador.

Resultados: Se identificaron diferencias significativas iniciales en variables sociodemográficas entre los grupos, mismas que fueron incluidas en el modelo final. La intervención mostró efecto en la disminución de percepciones negativas y prejuicios en torno a la menstruación, observando un mayor efecto en las mujeres. Conclusión. Abordar la menstruación de manera explícita y comprensiva facilita una visión natural y sin prejuicios del funcionamiento del cuerpo.

El proceso legislativo para la legalización del uso recreativo de cannabis en México se encuentra actualmente congelado, sin embargo, es factible que se reanude en un futuro cercano. Este ensayo identifica lecciones de salud pública que podrían discutirse ante una nueva propuesta de ley para el uso recreativo de cannabis en México. En este sentido, realizamos una revisión de la literatura científica para identificar estrategias de salud pública en el marco legal del uso recreativo de cannabis y las contrastamos con las provisiones incluidas en la propuesta de "Ley Federal para Regulación del Cannabis" realizada en 2021. Identificamos seis estrategias que podrían robustecer la propuesta desde un abordaje de salud pública: 1) Límites de densidad y ubicación de puntos de venta; 2) Regulación de horas de venta; 3) Aplicación de gravamen; 4) Regulación de precios; 5) Prohibir el uso de saborizantes en productos fumados y regular productos comestibles; y 6) Especificar la regulación de la presencia de contaminantes químicos y biológicos en los procedimientos de certificación.

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Objective: To report on the prevalence acute and chronic substance use among patients attending an emergency department (ED) in Mexico City because of a road traffic injury (RTI) and possible effect modifiers for the relationship between acute alcohol and cannabis use and RTI.

Materials and methods: Adult RTI patients, admitted to an ED (January to April 2022). Breath Alcohol Concentration and six types of drugs were assessed using a saliva screen test. Patients also self-reported their alcohol and drug use.

Results: 13.9% reported an alcohol use disorder in the last 12 months. Acute alcohol use was frequent, with 18.9% being positive. We found a large association between habitual and acute substance use. In a case-crossover analysis, there was no significant effect modification.

Conclusion: Patients positive for substance use at entry to the ED should have a comprehensive evaluation of their substance abuse habits and a referral to a mental health specialist.

Objective: To analyze antibiotic use in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico.

Materials and methods: We conducted two point prevalence surveys based on the World Health Organization methodology in a tertiary care hospital in Guadalajara, Mexico. We surveyed the clinical records of patients with active antibiotic prescriptions (APs) in medical (MED), surgical (SUR), medical-surgical (MIX) wards, and intensive care units (ICUs). Descriptive statistics were estimated using Stata software.

Results: We analyzed 929 APs from 403 patients. The prevalence of antibiotic use in the hospital was 47.5%. Antibiotics were more used in ICUs (59.5%) and MIX wards (54.8%). The main reasons for antibiotic use were community-acquired infections (45.2%), and preoperative prophylaxis (23.1%), mostly multidose and prolonged (89.3%). APs were mainly empirical (92.4%), administered parenterally (95.9%) and lacked subsequent review (30.3%). Bacterial culture testing was limited (30.5%). The most used antibiotics were ceftriaxone (18.9%), clindamycin (8.5%), and meropenem (8.2%). Most APs corresponded to Access (56.4%) and Watch antibiotics (35.6%) (AWaRe, WHO).

Conclusions: We revealed frequent prescribing patterns of broad-spectrum antibiotics and differences in their use possibly related to patients' clinical profiles.