Salud Publica De Mexico最新文献

Objetivo: Analizar la normatividad y disponibilidad de datos para valorar volumen, disposición final y costo de los medicamentos caducos (MC) en México. Material y métodos. Se describe el marco jurídico aplicable en función de un flujograma lógico. Para indagar en la disponibilidad de datos se consultaron las páginas del Gobierno de México relacionadas con el tema y se realizaron 46 solicitudes de información a instancias federales y estatales a través de la Plataforma Nacional de Transparencia. Adicionalmente, se buscaron en Compranet contratos relacionados con desecho de medicamentos (2019-2023).

Resultados: El manejo de MC como residuo peligroso está regulado por cinco leyes generales, siete normas y otros documentos oficiales; implica a dos secretarías, varios organismos de éstas y a las unidades con farmacia. No existen datos oficiales sobre MC, aunque su existencia está normada. Las respuestas más frecuentes por transparencia indican incompetencia o inexistencia de datos. En Compranet se identificó un solo contrato específico para disposición de MC en cinco años. Conclusión. No hay evidencia de cumplimiento de la normativa encontrada. La ausencia de registro y disponibilidad de datos sugiere un escaso control sobre las implicaciones económicas y medioambientales de los MC. Es necesario un manejo transparente y responsable con el medio ambiente, mecanismos de control y gestión integral.

Objective: This study evaluated fluoride content in table salts from participants' households of the Element project, comparing them with the Mexican standards of fluoride content in table salt (200 to 250 mg/kg).

Materials and methods: Salt samples were collected from households of mother-offspring pairs participating in Element. Salt samples were analyzed in duplicates using a combination fluoride ion-selective electrode and a pH/ISE meter.

Results: Among 657 samples from 14 brands, fluoride varied from 0.016 to 477.9 mg/kg with a median (IQR) of 142.5 (136.9). Of salts labeled as fluoridated or containing fluoride (n= 607), we found that 72.8% (n= 442) had fluoride content below the recommended range and 13.8% (n= 84) were above the Mexican norm. Only 81 salt samples (13.3%) fell within recommended limits.

Conclusion: Future studies with representative sampling are needed to evaluate table salt fluoride content, especially in high-fluoride areas, to inform potential adjustments to the current monitoring program.

The public sector includes social security institutions and institutions that provide services to the population without social security. The private sector includes private insurance companies and service providers working in private offices, clinics, and hospitals. Longer lifespans and exposure to risks associated with unhealthy lifestyles have transformed the leading causes of disease and death. Chronic non-communicable diseases and injuries are increasingly prevalent in the health profile. Health system coverage improved over the last two decades, from less than 50 million people with health insurance in 2000 to over 100 million in 2016. Healthcare in Mexico is financed with public and private resources. Public resources finance partially the institutions that serve the population with contributory health insurance and fully those that serve the population without this labor benefit. Health spending represents 5.5% of gross domestic product. There are 34 756 healthcare units in Mexico. The ratio of doctors per thousand inhabitants is 2.5. Healthcare regulation activities include accreditation of health sciences schools and faculties, licensing and certification of physicians and nurses, and certification of healthcare units. The Comisión Federal de Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios is responsible for health regulation.

Objective: To determine functional food consumption preferences in Culiacán, Mexico.

Materials and methods: A survey was designed, validated, and implemented to gather information on functional food consumption. Associations between health conditions and functional food consumption were evaluated. Using the Borda count methodology, the preference order of different functional foods was identified, seeking statistical differences between preferences.

Results: A validated questionnaire was obtained for the survey application. Association was found between having a diagnosed illness, undergoing medical treatment, and sex with awareness of functional foods; however, no association was observed between having a diagnosed illness and potential functional food consumption. The top three preferred foods were beverages, bars, and yogurt, with taste being the most important characteristic for functional food consumption.

Conclusions: There is low consumption of functional foods, which may be associated with various factors. In designing and developing functional foods, it is important to consider preferences such as beverages, bars, and yogurts, emphasizing consumer taste acceptance.

Objective: To characterize the migratory flow of Mexican men affiliated to Seguro Popular (SP) seeking medical care for prostate cancer (PC).

Materials and methods: The administrative base for the treatment of incident CP (5 526 men) funded by the SP (2012-2016) was used. Oncological risk at diagnosis (low, intermediate, high) was estimated based on prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, and clinical stage. Spatial network analysis and centrality measures were used to identify the health migratory flow.

Results: 1 369 men sought treatment outside their state of residence, all of them with a diagnosis of PC (25%), mainly <65 years of age, high-risk PC, and residents of highly marginalized municipalities. Throughout the study period, Mexico City (closeness-in=0.34) received the largest number of patients (importance-in=1 082) from 26 different states (degree-in=26). This flow was more evident in patients with a high-risk PC, mainly towards hospitals with a high degree of specialization in cancer.

Conclusions: A centralized migration (with two potential migration patterns) in search of treatment for PC was observed, mainly in men with high-risk PC.

Objective: Evaluate how conversations about health warning labels (HWLs) influence attempts to quit smoking (QAs) and sustained attempts to quit (SQAs) among in Mexican adult who smoke.

Materials and methods: Data were analyzed from a cohort of 2 164 participants surveyed every four months between November 2018 and March 2021. Multinomial models regressed the frequency of talking about HWLs on sociodemographics and smoking-related variables. Generalized Estimating Equations assessed whether the effect of HWL talking frequency on QAs and, separately, SQAs at follow-up was mediated by the topic of conversation.

Results: The majority reported having talked about HWLs (63.7%), regarding the harms of tobacco (73.3%), cessation benefits (58.5%), and lack of credibility/utility of HWLs (9.8%). At follow-up, 42.0% reported an QAs and 20.7% an SQAs. Conversations about HWLs were more frequent among younger participants, those with a university education, those who had recently attempted to quit smoking, and those intending to quit. Talking about HWLs was associated with a higher frequency of QAs and SQAs, mediated equally by discussions about cessation benefits and tobacco harms.

Conclusion: Conversation topics around HWL are mesassociated with more smoking cessation attempts. Mexican HWLs focus primarily on harms, more research is needed to evaluate the optimal mix of content.

No disponible.