Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2085116
Andrew J. Flanagin, Z. Lew
ABSTRACT Online information repositories increasingly serve as memory aids in people’s lives. Access to such information stores, however, can result in false perceived equivalencies between web-based information and personal knowledge, which can in turn influence judgments of oneself, of information search tasks, and of the Internet itself. Cognitive processing fluency, access to reliable web-based information, and actively searching for information are shown in a series of experiments to be associated with judgments related to metacognition and task performance. In the context of online information repositories accessed via web search activities, people are shown to (a) overemphasize the degree to which they find the web to be a ready source of relevant information, (b) overestimate their future task performance and the ease of tasks, and (c) inflate their own perceived cognitive and memory abilities. Results also show that those who are least competent in task completion overestimate their relative performance, whereas the most competent underestimate theirs, and that the availability of web-based information can inflate people’s estimated performance, particularly among the more competent. Collectively, three interrelated studies add considerable new insight regarding the impacts of near-ubiquitous access to contemporary information-saturated environments.
{"title":"Individual Inferences in Web-Based Information Environments: How Cognitive Processing Fluency, Information Access, Active Search Behaviors, and Task Competency Affect Metacognitive and Task Judgments","authors":"Andrew J. Flanagin, Z. Lew","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2085116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2085116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Online information repositories increasingly serve as memory aids in people’s lives. Access to such information stores, however, can result in false perceived equivalencies between web-based information and personal knowledge, which can in turn influence judgments of oneself, of information search tasks, and of the Internet itself. Cognitive processing fluency, access to reliable web-based information, and actively searching for information are shown in a series of experiments to be associated with judgments related to metacognition and task performance. In the context of online information repositories accessed via web search activities, people are shown to (a) overemphasize the degree to which they find the web to be a ready source of relevant information, (b) overestimate their future task performance and the ease of tasks, and (c) inflate their own perceived cognitive and memory abilities. Results also show that those who are least competent in task completion overestimate their relative performance, whereas the most competent underestimate theirs, and that the availability of web-based information can inflate people’s estimated performance, particularly among the more competent. Collectively, three interrelated studies add considerable new insight regarding the impacts of near-ubiquitous access to contemporary information-saturated environments.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46991254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2082982
Mingxuan Liu, Narine S. Yegiyan, M. H. Lai
ABSTRACT The efforts to promote healthy eating remain ineffective. The inability of these campaigns to counter the marketing resources of the mainstream fast-food chains is among the primary explanations for such failures. However, from the information processing perspective, the message’s features may also play a significant role. Cue reactivity research has shown the importance of evaluating visual and verbal cues to avoid undesirable addictive behavioral outcomes. Bridging the evaluative space model (ESM) and the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP), the goal of this experiment is to further explore how food-related visual and verbal cues elicit psychophysiological reactivity and how this reactivity in turn affects attitudes toward the promotion. Multilevel modeling results showed that healthy food images paired with encouragement words elicited an uncoupled pattern of the appetitive system activation and received a predominantly positive attitude from audiences (N = 180). Results suggested that thematic congruent messages are preferred in health communication settings. Junk food images, regardless of being paired with encouragement or discouragement verbal cues, should be avoided due to their automatic activation of the appetitive motivational system.
{"title":"Appetitive Food, Aversive Warning: Interaction Effects of Visual and Verbal Cues on Psychophysiological and Attitudinal Responses to PSAs","authors":"Mingxuan Liu, Narine S. Yegiyan, M. H. Lai","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2082982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2082982","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The efforts to promote healthy eating remain ineffective. The inability of these campaigns to counter the marketing resources of the mainstream fast-food chains is among the primary explanations for such failures. However, from the information processing perspective, the message’s features may also play a significant role. Cue reactivity research has shown the importance of evaluating visual and verbal cues to avoid undesirable addictive behavioral outcomes. Bridging the evaluative space model (ESM) and the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP), the goal of this experiment is to further explore how food-related visual and verbal cues elicit psychophysiological reactivity and how this reactivity in turn affects attitudes toward the promotion. Multilevel modeling results showed that healthy food images paired with encouragement words elicited an uncoupled pattern of the appetitive system activation and received a predominantly positive attitude from audiences (N = 180). Results suggested that thematic congruent messages are preferred in health communication settings. Junk food images, regardless of being paired with encouragement or discouragement verbal cues, should be avoided due to their automatic activation of the appetitive motivational system.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49219606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2080710
Amber van der Wal, J Loes Pouwels, Jessica Taylor Piotrowski, Patti M Valkenburg
Humorous media entertainment frequently punctuates the everyday lives of adolescents. Theorists have suggested that this exposure may impact behavior, particularly real-life aggression. Specifically, exposure to prosocial (coping) humor in media entertainment is posited to decrease aggression, whereas the reverse has been argued for exposure to antisocial (disparaging and slapstick) humor. Despite these suppositions, little empirical evidence about this relationship exists. To fill this gap, this study employed a cohort-sequential design using latent growth curve models to estimate the (co-)development of adolescents' preferences for television shows featuring disparaging, slapstick, and coping humor and aggression from age 10 to 17. Results showed that at the onset of adolescence, especially boys had a higher preference for shows with disparaging and slapstick humor than with coping humor. However, over the course of adolescence, boys' and girls' preferences for shows with coping humor increased, while especially girls' preferences for shows with disparaging and slapstick humor decreased. These preferences were unrelated to adolescents' aggression. Our findings provide an important addition to the ongoing media effects debate. Taken together, they offer room for optimism and point toward an increased focus on the potential positive rather than the negative sides of humor in the lives of young people.
{"title":"Just a Joke? Adolescents' Preferences for Humor in Media Entertainment and Real-Life Aggression.","authors":"Amber van der Wal, J Loes Pouwels, Jessica Taylor Piotrowski, Patti M Valkenburg","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2080710","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2080710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humorous media entertainment frequently punctuates the everyday lives of adolescents. Theorists have suggested that this exposure may impact behavior, particularly real-life aggression. Specifically, exposure to prosocial (coping) humor in media entertainment is posited to decrease aggression, whereas the reverse has been argued for exposure to antisocial (disparaging and slapstick) humor. Despite these suppositions, little empirical evidence about this relationship exists. To fill this gap, this study employed a cohort-sequential design using latent growth curve models to estimate the (co-)development of adolescents' preferences for television shows featuring disparaging, slapstick, and coping humor and aggression from age 10 to 17. Results showed that at the onset of adolescence, especially boys had a higher preference for shows with disparaging and slapstick humor than with coping humor. However, over the course of adolescence, boys' and girls' preferences for shows with coping humor increased, while especially girls' preferences for shows with disparaging and slapstick humor decreased. These preferences were unrelated to adolescents' aggression. Our findings provide an important addition to the ongoing media effects debate. Taken together, they offer room for optimism and point toward an increased focus on the potential positive rather than the negative sides of humor in the lives of young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9621101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2084111
Z. Lew, J. Walther
ABSTRACT As artificial intelligence (AI) agents like chatbots play larger roles in daily life, questions arise regarding how people evaluate their communication. Perspectives applying communication scripts to human-AI interactions propose that outcomes are determined by messages and the embedded cues therein. The expectancy violations perspective posits that message characteristics are less important than whether they are expected or unexpected. A pilot study established baseline expectancies about humans’ and chatbots’ conversational contingency and response latencies. A 2 (contingency: more/less contingent responses) × 2 (latency: fast/slow responses) × 2 (communicator identity: human/chatbot) experiment then tested predictions derived from human-human communication scripts and expectancy violations using textual variations in an e-commerce chat. Communicators showing greater conversational contingency and faster responses were most credible, whether they were human or chatbots, but chatbots were consistently less socially attractive than humans. Results show that humans and chatbots are evaluated similarly regarding the functional, but not the relational aspects of communication. There was greater support for the communication script perspective than the expectancy violations perspective regarding interactions with chatbots.
{"title":"Social Scripts and Expectancy Violations: Evaluating Communication with Human or AI Chatbot Interactants","authors":"Z. Lew, J. Walther","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2084111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2084111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As artificial intelligence (AI) agents like chatbots play larger roles in daily life, questions arise regarding how people evaluate their communication. Perspectives applying communication scripts to human-AI interactions propose that outcomes are determined by messages and the embedded cues therein. The expectancy violations perspective posits that message characteristics are less important than whether they are expected or unexpected. A pilot study established baseline expectancies about humans’ and chatbots’ conversational contingency and response latencies. A 2 (contingency: more/less contingent responses) × 2 (latency: fast/slow responses) × 2 (communicator identity: human/chatbot) experiment then tested predictions derived from human-human communication scripts and expectancy violations using textual variations in an e-commerce chat. Communicators showing greater conversational contingency and faster responses were most credible, whether they were human or chatbots, but chatbots were consistently less socially attractive than humans. Results show that humans and chatbots are evaluated similarly regarding the functional, but not the relational aspects of communication. There was greater support for the communication script perspective than the expectancy violations perspective regarding interactions with chatbots.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45455263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2080711
Darian Harff, Charlotte Bollen, D. Schmuck
ABSTRACT In the current “infodemic,” surrounding the spread of false claims as well as conspiracy theories related to COVID-19, social media influencers, popular figures on platforms like Instagram, are a potential source of misinformation. As seemingly ordinary and trustworthy individuals, who can function as opinion leaders, influencers may impact perceptions of the virus and policies in place to minimize its threat. In this pre-registered online experiment (N = 148), we investigated factors such as parasocial relationships with the influencer, which potentially increase susceptibility to influencers’ claims. Second, we examined if media literacy and issue-specific knowledge act as protective factors diminishing the impact of misinformation. Although participants remained largely unaffected by the misinformation, it increased mistrust in official sources for respondents with high perceived influencer credibility, trust in influencer’s advice, and attitude homophily. Meanwhile, participants’ issue-specific knowledge was associated with weaker beliefs in misconceptions regarding COVID-19, irrespective of exposure to misinformation.
{"title":"Responses to Social Media Influencers’ Misinformation about COVID-19: A Pre-Registered Multiple-Exposure Experiment","authors":"Darian Harff, Charlotte Bollen, D. Schmuck","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2080711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2080711","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the current “infodemic,” surrounding the spread of false claims as well as conspiracy theories related to COVID-19, social media influencers, popular figures on platforms like Instagram, are a potential source of misinformation. As seemingly ordinary and trustworthy individuals, who can function as opinion leaders, influencers may impact perceptions of the virus and policies in place to minimize its threat. In this pre-registered online experiment (N = 148), we investigated factors such as parasocial relationships with the influencer, which potentially increase susceptibility to influencers’ claims. Second, we examined if media literacy and issue-specific knowledge act as protective factors diminishing the impact of misinformation. Although participants remained largely unaffected by the misinformation, it increased mistrust in official sources for respondents with high perceived influencer credibility, trust in influencer’s advice, and attitude homophily. Meanwhile, participants’ issue-specific knowledge was associated with weaker beliefs in misconceptions regarding COVID-19, irrespective of exposure to misinformation.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43525308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2078842
M. Ellithorpe, L. Holt, D. Ewoldsen
ABSTRACT Bounded Generalized Reciprocity (BGR) hypothesizes that expectations of reciprocity provide the foundation for ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. These expectations can be influenced by interaction with outgroup members, including vicarious interaction through media. This analysis examines how non-Black participants view helping behavior by Black individuals, and how their interpretations of helping scenarios influence intergroup attitudes. Participants (n= 211) were randomly assigned to view a news clip in which a Black or White hero saves someone White, or whose race was not portrayed. When viewing a clip with an ambiguous victim, participants were significantly more likely to report that the victim was not White when the hero was Black – indicating an expectation of helping behavior between Whites and Blacks. However, when a Black hero saved an unambiguously White victim, participants were more accurate in their recall. Victim race recall and hero race interacted to predict future reciprocity expectations, such that Black heroes saving a victim recalled as White (regardless of accuracy) resulted in increased positive reciprocity expectations. Positive reciprocity then predicted motivation to avoid prejudice and prejudiced attitudes. These results have implications for how media depictions of helping behaviors may impact intergroup beliefs and attitudes.
{"title":"Would they save me, too? Victim race recall when the hero is Black vs. White and its influence on expectations of reciprocity","authors":"M. Ellithorpe, L. Holt, D. Ewoldsen","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2078842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2078842","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bounded Generalized Reciprocity (BGR) hypothesizes that expectations of reciprocity provide the foundation for ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. These expectations can be influenced by interaction with outgroup members, including vicarious interaction through media. This analysis examines how non-Black participants view helping behavior by Black individuals, and how their interpretations of helping scenarios influence intergroup attitudes. Participants (n= 211) were randomly assigned to view a news clip in which a Black or White hero saves someone White, or whose race was not portrayed. When viewing a clip with an ambiguous victim, participants were significantly more likely to report that the victim was not White when the hero was Black – indicating an expectation of helping behavior between Whites and Blacks. However, when a Black hero saved an unambiguously White victim, participants were more accurate in their recall. Victim race recall and hero race interacted to predict future reciprocity expectations, such that Black heroes saving a victim recalled as White (regardless of accuracy) resulted in increased positive reciprocity expectations. Positive reciprocity then predicted motivation to avoid prejudice and prejudiced attitudes. These results have implications for how media depictions of helping behaviors may impact intergroup beliefs and attitudes.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44110329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2067878
John M. Tchernev
ABSTRACT Popular narratives can have a significant cultural and persuasive impact. Audience identification with a protagonist and liking of the protagonist are two important types of audience engagement. The present study proposes that character motivations play a central role in the establishment of both identification and liking. Two typologies of motivations are tested (one from a hierarchy of psychological needs perspective, and the other from the professional field of screenwriting) as predictors of dynamic fluctuations in audience identification and liking. Three professional screenwriters served as “expert coders” of three randomly selected films and identified key moments that were of particular importance for establishing character motivation. N = 308 participants viewed the first 35 minutes of one of the three films and provided real-time ratings of either liking or identification. Results indicated that the establishment of character motivations does indeed have a major impact on shaping identification and liking in real time.
{"title":"Creating Character Identification and Liking in Narratives: The Impact of Protagonist Motivations on Real-Time Audience Responses","authors":"John M. Tchernev","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2067878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2067878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Popular narratives can have a significant cultural and persuasive impact. Audience identification with a protagonist and liking of the protagonist are two important types of audience engagement. The present study proposes that character motivations play a central role in the establishment of both identification and liking. Two typologies of motivations are tested (one from a hierarchy of psychological needs perspective, and the other from the professional field of screenwriting) as predictors of dynamic fluctuations in audience identification and liking. Three professional screenwriters served as “expert coders” of three randomly selected films and identified key moments that were of particular importance for establishing character motivation. N = 308 participants viewed the first 35 minutes of one of the three films and provided real-time ratings of either liking or identification. Results indicated that the establishment of character motivations does indeed have a major impact on shaping identification and liking in real time.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43422486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2070216
A. Schwabe, F. Lind, Lukas Kosch, H. Boomgaarden
ABSTRACT While some argue digital reading media may impair text comprehension, the empirical literature is ambiguous, in particular when it comes to the reading of narrative texts. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic meta-analysis of studies exploring the effect of screen reading media on reading comprehension of narrative texts was conducted (k = 32, N = 2239). Multimedia and interactive functions in general, the type of multimedia and interactive functions, the change in effect over time, and the type of digital reading device (computer, e-reader, and tablet) were explored as moderating variables. In general, the analyses did not reveal a significant impact of the reading medium (screen vs. paper) on the reading comprehension of a narrative text. Moreover, there does not seem to be a difference over time and between different types of digital reading devices. Also, the analysis of the subsample of studies using plain digital text without any additional functions in comparison to print showed no significant differences. In contrast, multimedia and interactive functions of digital texts affect reading comprehension positively, regardless of the type of additional function. In conclusion, the results do not suggest a negative effect of digital reading media on reading comprehension when reading narrative texts.
虽然有些人认为数字阅读媒体可能会损害文本理解，但实证文献是模棱两可的，特别是在叙事文本的阅读方面。因此，我们对屏幕阅读媒介对叙事文本阅读理解影响的研究进行了全面系统的meta分析(k = 32, N = 2239)。一般的多媒体和交互功能、多媒体和交互功能的类型、随时间的变化以及数字阅读设备(计算机、电子阅读器和平板电脑)的类型作为调节变量进行了探索。总的来说，这些分析并没有揭示阅读媒介(屏幕和纸张)对叙事文本阅读理解的显著影响。此外，不同类型的数字阅读设备之间似乎没有随时间而变化的差异。此外，对使用无任何附加功能的纯数字文本的研究的子样本进行分析，与印刷文本相比，没有显着差异。相比之下，数字文本的多媒体和互动功能对阅读理解有积极的影响，而不管附加功能的类型如何。综上所述，在阅读叙事文本时，数字阅读媒体并未对阅读理解产生负面影响。
{"title":"No Negative Effects of Reading on Screen on Comprehension of Narrative Texts Compared to Print: A Meta-analysis","authors":"A. Schwabe, F. Lind, Lukas Kosch, H. Boomgaarden","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2070216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2070216","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While some argue digital reading media may impair text comprehension, the empirical literature is ambiguous, in particular when it comes to the reading of narrative texts. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic meta-analysis of studies exploring the effect of screen reading media on reading comprehension of narrative texts was conducted (k = 32, N = 2239). Multimedia and interactive functions in general, the type of multimedia and interactive functions, the change in effect over time, and the type of digital reading device (computer, e-reader, and tablet) were explored as moderating variables. In general, the analyses did not reveal a significant impact of the reading medium (screen vs. paper) on the reading comprehension of a narrative text. Moreover, there does not seem to be a difference over time and between different types of digital reading devices. Also, the analysis of the subsample of studies using plain digital text without any additional functions in comparison to print showed no significant differences. In contrast, multimedia and interactive functions of digital texts affect reading comprehension positively, regardless of the type of additional function. In conclusion, the results do not suggest a negative effect of digital reading media on reading comprehension when reading narrative texts.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2064877
J. Roden
ABSTRACT Amidst the rise of movements against sexual harassment and assault, there are questions as to whether men are likely to view such activism as a threat to their livelihoods and their status as men. This study explores how the reception of supportive #MeToo tweets might differ based on the social identities of the messenger. This online survey experiment of White men (N = 421) examines the effects of messenger gender (man or woman) and race (Black or White) on perceptions of the messenger and subsequent movement attitudes and behavior intentions. Results show that White men found women #MeToo advocates to be more sexist than men advocates, which reduced their #MeToo movement solidarity, collective action intentions, and bystander intervention intentions. This study demonstrates the important role of “reverse sexism” perceptions in feminist social movement messaging by highlighting the antecedents and consequences of holding such beliefs.
{"title":"#MeToo Movement Backlash: How Evaluations of Women Advocates as More “Sexist” Weaken Movement Support","authors":"J. Roden","doi":"10.1080/15213269.2022.2064877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2064877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Amidst the rise of movements against sexual harassment and assault, there are questions as to whether men are likely to view such activism as a threat to their livelihoods and their status as men. This study explores how the reception of supportive #MeToo tweets might differ based on the social identities of the messenger. This online survey experiment of White men (N = 421) examines the effects of messenger gender (man or woman) and race (Black or White) on perceptions of the messenger and subsequent movement attitudes and behavior intentions. Results show that White men found women #MeToo advocates to be more sexist than men advocates, which reduced their #MeToo movement solidarity, collective action intentions, and bystander intervention intentions. This study demonstrates the important role of “reverse sexism” perceptions in feminist social movement messaging by highlighting the antecedents and consequences of holding such beliefs.","PeriodicalId":47932,"journal":{"name":"Media Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46333888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-27DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2022.2034020
R. Frazer, Emily Moyer-Gusé, M. Grizzard
ABSTRACT The role of moral disengagement in evaluating narrative character behaviors has been a source of scholarly investigation for some time. Despite a theoretical interest in the process, little work has experimentally manipulated content features related to the mechanisms proposed by Bandura in his selective moral disengagement model. This paper presents the results of an experiment that manipulates the presence/absence of a victim of an immoral protagonist’s actions in an audio-visual narrative. We measure various narrative engagement variables including perspective-taking, approbation of behavior, and character liking. Thus, our study design tests content cues corresponding to Bandura’s selective moral disengagement hypotheses and links them to variables specified in Zillmann’s affective disposition theory. Findings indicate that perspective-taking with the immoral protagonist is enhanced when the victim is absent. Perspective-taking then has downstream effects on other narrative processing variables, such as character judgments, desires for specific story outcomes, and punitiveness toward similar real-world behaviors. The design of the current study thus provides a roadmap for future research, and we discuss the value of carefully manipulating narrative cues in order to encourage or discourage moral disengagement in viewers.
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