Journal of International Management最新文献

英文中文

Technological complexity and the creation of impactful technologies: The role of inventors' international diversity and expertise 技术复杂性和有影响力的技术的创造：发明者的国际多样性和专业知识的作用

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101239

Mario Kafouros , Eva Mavroudi , Murod Aliyev , Junjie Hong

Given that highly impactful technologies can generate immense value and build competitive advantages for MNEs, it is crucial to understand how they can successfully create them. This study's overarching contribution lies in explaining how MNEs can assemble inventor teams and optimize their composition to overcome the challenges of technological complexity and create highly impactful technologies. Analyzing a sample of 2.3 million technologies created by 183,833 firms across 139 countries, the study reveals that MNEs with teams that are internationally diverse (multi-country) and possess greater technological expertise are better equipped to leverage complex knowledge in technology creation. Importantly, it also indicates that while international diversity is less effective in making teams more innovative across all levels of complexity, its value lies in delaying the point at which extreme complexity hinders technology creation. In contrast, technological expertise helps team create more impactful technologies at any level of complexity but is less effective in postponing the point where extreme complexity becomes overwhelming. These insights underscore that international diversity and technological expertise are complementary, supporting MNE teams in distinct but synergistic ways.

鉴于极具影响力的技术可以为跨国公司创造巨大的价值并建立竞争优势，了解它们如何成功地创造这些价值至关重要。本研究的主要贡献在于解释了跨国公司如何组建发明人团队并优化其组成，以克服技术复杂性的挑战，创造出具有高度影响力的技术。该研究分析了139个国家183,833家公司创造的230万项技术样本，结果表明，拥有国际多元化（多国）团队并拥有更多技术专长的跨国公司能够更好地利用技术创造中的复杂知识。重要的是，它还表明，虽然国际多样性在提高团队在所有复杂程度上的创新能力方面效果较差，但其价值在于推迟极端复杂性阻碍技术创造的那一点。相比之下，技术专业知识可以帮助团队在任何复杂级别上创建更有影响力的技术，但在延迟极端复杂性变得压倒性的点方面效果较差。这些见解强调，国际多样性和技术专长是互补的，以不同但协同的方式支持跨国公司团队。

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引用次数: 0

Corporate governance, board networks and firm performance 公司治理、董事会网络与公司绩效

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101261

Deeksha Singh

This study revisits the corporate governance–firm performance relationship using a multi-theoretic framework, drawing on agency theory and resource dependence theory (RDT). Focusing on emerging market firms in India, I argue that the benefits of board independence, traditionally emphasized for monitoring and resource access roles, are contingent upon other governance mechanisms and network structures. Using a longitudinal dataset of 2689 publicly listed firms in India, I find that board independence, separation of the CEO and board chair roles and family ownership positively influence firm performance. Additionally, firms with greater board network centrality perform better, accessing vital financial, institutional, and knowledge resources. Importantly, the findings reveal that the positive effects of board independence are diminished in the presence of high family ownership and strong board network ties, suggesting a contingency-based governance-performance relationship. This study contributes to corporate governance literature by highlighting the contextual nature of governance effectiveness in emerging markets.

本研究利用代理理论和资源依赖理论，运用多理论框架重新审视公司治理与公司绩效的关系。专注于印度的新兴市场公司，我认为董事会独立性的好处——传统上强调的是监督和资源获取角色——取决于其他治理机制和网络结构。利用印度2689家上市公司的纵向数据集，我发现董事会独立性、CEO和董事会主席角色的分离以及家族所有权对公司绩效有积极影响。此外，董事会网络中心性较高的公司表现更好，可以获得重要的财务、制度和知识资源。重要的是，研究结果表明，在高家族所有权和强董事会网络联系的情况下，董事会独立性的积极影响减弱，这表明存在一种基于权变的治理-绩效关系。本研究通过强调新兴市场公司治理有效性的背景性质，为公司治理文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 0

Role enactment of international human resource managers during the COVID-19 pandemic: New crisis management insights COVID-19大流行期间国际人力资源管理者的角色扮演：新的危机管理见解

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101262

Susan McGrath-Champ , Mihajla Gavin , Anthony Fee

International human resource (IHR) managers, those who manage expatriates, are vital to ensuring the well-being of expatriates and protecting organizational interests during crises. While researchers have developed normative frameworks describing the roles they enact during ‘typical’ crises, we examine enactment of their roles during the extreme crisis for global mobility created by the COVID-19 pandemic, extending theory on international human resource management (IHRM) responses to international crises. Grounded in role theory and based on interviews with IHR experts, this study provides theoretical and empirical insights into role enactment during crises, showing role prioritization shaped by exogenous crisis conditions, as well as heightened strategic role enactment and profile of the IHR function in crisis responses.

国际人力资源（IHR）经理，那些管理外籍人员，是至关重要的，以确保外籍人员的福祉，并在危机期间保护组织的利益。虽然研究人员已经制定了规范性框架来描述他们在“典型”危机中所扮演的角色，但我们研究了他们在COVID-19大流行造成的全球流动性极端危机中所扮演的角色，扩展了国际人力资源管理（IHRM）应对国际危机的理论。本研究以角色理论为基础，基于对《国际卫生条例》专家的访谈，对危机期间的角色设定提供了理论和实证见解，显示了由外源性危机条件塑造的角色优先次序，以及加强了战略角色设定和《国际卫生条例》在危机应对中的职能。

引用次数: 0

Identity work in longstanding subsidiaries during crisis: reinforcing, preserving and reconstructing subsidiary identity 长期子公司在危机中的身份认同工作：加强、保留和重建子公司身份

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101259

Henry Lopez-Vega , Fredrik Tell , Edward Gillmore

During a national crisis, longstanding subsidiaries' roles are placed under considerable pressure. At the same time, the connotation of longstanding subsidiaries implies that they have existed for a significant period of time, during which they would have developed legacies and identities related to these roles. However, there is limited understanding on how longstanding subsidiaries work with their legacies and identities to influence their roles in the MNE or in the local environment. This study examines how longstanding subsidiaries of Swedish MNEs in Brazil engage in identity work during an economic crisis. Drawing on a comparative case study of 16 competence-exploring and competence-exploiting subsidiaries, the findings reveal three distinct foci of identity work: reinforcing, preserving, and reconstructing. The study contributes to the emerging literature on subsidiary identity work by demonstrating how identity work relates to subsidiary roles over time. It also contributes to subsidiary evolution research by revealing how longstanding subsidiaries manage legacy in response to environmental turbulence.

在一场全国性的危机中，长期存在的子公司的角色会受到相当大的压力。同时，长期子公司的内涵意味着它们已经存在了相当长的一段时间，在此期间，它们将发展出与这些角色相关的遗产和身份。然而，对于长期子公司如何利用其遗产和身份影响其在跨国公司或当地环境中的角色，人们的理解有限。本研究考察了瑞典跨国公司在巴西的长期子公司在经济危机期间如何从事身份工作。通过对16家能力探索和能力开发子公司的比较案例研究，研究结果揭示了认同工作的三个不同重点：加强、保留和重建。该研究通过展示身份工作如何随着时间的推移与辅助角色相关，为辅助身份工作的新兴文献做出了贡献。它还通过揭示长期子公司如何管理遗产以应对环境动荡，有助于子公司进化研究。

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引用次数: 0

Building resilience amidst geopolitical tensions: The case of U.S. MNE subsidiaries in China 在地缘政治紧张局势中建立弹性：以美国跨国公司在华子公司为例

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101260

Jiang Yu , Yuanxin Fang , Yutong Bai , Feng Chen

This study investigates how foreign subsidiaries build resilience amid home-host geopolitical tensions. Drawing on resilience and geopolitical risk management literature, we conduct an in-depth qualitative analysis of four U.S. MNE subsidiaries in China. Building on our findings, we propose a model of subsidiary resilience as a capability-building process that unfolds across three stages: before, during, and after geopolitical disruptions. Our results reveal two distinct resilience trajectories. Subsidiaries that exhibit a transformative resilience cycle engage in promotive resistance before disruption, followed by proactive adaptation during disruption and deep-level learning afterward, enabling them to ‘bounce forward’ to a stronger state. In contrast, subsidiaries following a stabilizing resilience cycle adopt defensive resistance, reactive adaptation, and surface-level learning, resulting in a return to pre-crisis conditions (‘bouncing back’). These findings uncover the critical processes determining whether and how subsidiaries maintain resilience over time. The paper concludes with implications for both research and practice.

本研究探讨了外国子公司如何在本土地缘政治紧张局势中建立弹性。根据弹性和地缘政治风险管理文献，我们对四家美国跨国公司在中国的子公司进行了深入的定性分析。基于我们的研究结果，我们提出了一个附属弹性模型，作为一个能力建设过程，该过程分三个阶段展开：地缘政治中断之前、期间和之后。我们的研究结果揭示了两种不同的弹性轨迹。表现出变革弹性周期的子公司在颠覆之前会进行促进性抵抗，然后在颠覆期间进行主动适应，之后进行深度学习，使它们能够“向前弹跳”到更强大的状态。相比之下，在稳定弹性周期之后的子公司采取防御性抵抗、反应性适应和表面学习，从而恢复到危机前的状态（“反弹”）。这些发现揭示了决定子公司是否以及如何随时间保持弹性的关键过程。本文的结论对研究和实践都有启示。

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引用次数: 0

Insidious institutional challenges of mature MNE subsidiaries operating in weak institutional markets: Corporate governance to the rescue 在薄弱的制度市场中运营的成熟跨国公司子公司的潜在制度挑战：公司治理的拯救

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101258

Franklin Nakpodia , Folajimi Ashiru , Emmanuel Adegbite , Nikolina Koporcic

Insidious institutional challenges are unknown versions of known challenges that exist and persist even for mature multinational enterprises (MNEs) in host markets. Although the international business literature offers valuable insights into the significance of corporate governance mechanisms, institutions, and institutional environment relationships, a practical understanding of what insidious institutional challenges are and how they can be addressed using corporate governance mechanisms, especially in weak institutional environments, is less researched. Therefore, relying on institutional theorizing and qualitative evidence from 34 interviews with executives of mature MNE subsidiaries in Nigeria, this paper documents three insidious institutional challenges encountered by mature MNE subsidiaries: the organisational identity conundrum (‘us vs them’), limited attention to social capital discordance (‘bonding capital vs trust capital’), and persistent intention contradictions (‘elaborate politically correct rhetoric vs limited believable action’). The study also identifies three corporate governance-related themes that mature MNE subsidiaries can utilize to manage institutional challenges: enhanced local stakeholder engagement, elevated accountability drivers, and digital technology and innovation deployment. The study advances international business literature as it sheds theoretical as well as practical insights into how mature MNE subsidiaries operating in a weak institutional context can overcome insidious institutional challenges.

潜在的制度挑战是已知挑战的未知版本，即使对东道国市场的成熟跨国企业（MNEs）来说，这些挑战也存在并持续存在。尽管国际商业文献对公司治理机制、制度和制度环境关系的重要性提供了有价值的见解，但对什么是潜在的制度挑战以及如何利用公司治理机制解决这些挑战，特别是在薄弱的制度环境中，却鲜有研究。因此，本文依靠对尼日利亚成熟跨国公司子公司高管的34次访谈的制度理论和定性证据，记录了成熟跨国公司子公司遇到的三个潜在的制度挑战：组织身份难题（“我们vs他们”），对社会资本不协调的有限关注（“粘合资本vs信任资本”），以及持续的意图矛盾（“精心设计的政治正确的修辞vs有限的可信行动”）。该研究还确定了成熟的跨国公司子公司可以利用的三个公司治理相关主题来管理制度挑战：加强当地利益相关者的参与，提高问责驱动因素，以及数字技术和创新部署。该研究推动了国际商业文献的发展，因为它为在薄弱制度背景下运营的成熟跨国公司子公司如何克服潜在的制度挑战提供了理论和实践见解。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling de-globalization and its management strategies: A case study of the German automotive industry 揭示去全球化及其管理策略：以德国汽车工业为例

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101253

Sidney Michael Pillich

This case study elucidates the understanding of so far conceptual knowledge on de-globalization and examines how multinational enterprises' management addresses this phenomenon. By taking a particular industry and geographic perspective, the case study unveils the respective underlying de-globalization drivers and the management strategies adopted by the German automotive industry. Within this industry, the primary de-globalization driver is predominantly shaped by a geopolitical force unfolding its negative effects, especially due to the global automotive value chain's opaqueness and fragility. De-globalization pressures are navigated through a de-risking approach that strategically balances diversification to enhance flexibility, while encapsulating independent regional ecosystems. In contrast to prevailing expectations, the de-globalization phenomenon, characterized as an inverse form of globalization, does not inherently lead to multinational firms' de-internationalization; rather, it surprisingly presents opportunities for heightened firm internationalization. This renders the terminology of de-globalization currently applied in the literature inherently ambiguous and inconclusive. Consequently, beyond the drivers and management strategies of de-globalization, this study refines terminological clarity, elucidating the puzzling disparity between the prevailing de-globalization narrative and absence of multinational enterprises' discernible de-internationalization responses, proposing that the phenomenon is better labeled as re-globalization.

本案例研究阐明了对迄今为止关于去全球化的概念性知识的理解，并探讨了跨国企业的管理如何处理这一现象。本案例研究从特定的行业和地理角度出发，揭示了德国汽车行业各自潜在的去全球化驱动因素和管理策略。在这个行业中，主要的去全球化驱动因素主要是地缘政治力量的负面影响，特别是由于全球汽车价值链的不透明性和脆弱性。去全球化的压力是通过一种去风险的方法来应对的，这种方法在战略上平衡了多样化以增强灵活性，同时封装了独立的区域生态系统。与普遍的预期相反，以逆全球化为特征的去全球化现象并不必然导致跨国公司的去国际化；相反，它出人意料地为企业国际化提供了机会。这使得目前在文献中应用的去全球化术语本质上是模糊和不确定的。因此，除了去全球化的驱动因素和管理策略之外，本研究还提炼了术语的清晰度，阐明了流行的去全球化叙事与跨国企业缺乏明显的去国际化反应之间令人困惑的差异，并提出将这种现象更好地称为再全球化。

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引用次数: 0

Positive deviance: Income inequality and entrepreneurs' pursuit of innovative entrepreneurship 正向偏差：收入不平等与企业家追求创新创业

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101257

Shihao Wei , Zhan Wu , Pekka Stenholm , Zhongfeng Su

Drawing on anomie theory, this study examines the impact of income inequality on entrepreneurs' pursuit of innovative entrepreneurship and how this impact varies according to entrepreneurs' financial capital, government size, and governance quality. Utilizing a sample of 56,281 observations across 55 countries, this study finds that income inequality has a positive effect on entrepreneurs' pursuit of innovative entrepreneurship, and this effect is mitigated by government size and governance quality. Moreover, the positive effect of income inequality on innovative entrepreneurship is greater for entrepreneurs in the middle-income class than those in lower- and higher-income brackets. This study extends the implications of income inequality to innovative entrepreneurship and advances our knowledge of the boundary conditions of this relationship. Moreover, it contributes to the comparative international entrepreneurship literature by clarifying the crucial role of income inequality in explaining variations in innovative entrepreneurship across countries.

本文运用失范理论，考察了收入不平等对企业家创新创业的影响，以及这种影响如何随企业家的金融资本、政府规模和治理质量而变化。本研究利用55个国家的56,281个观察样本发现，收入不平等对企业家追求创新创业有积极影响，而这种影响被政府规模和治理质量所缓解。此外，收入不平等对创新创业的积极影响对中等收入阶层的企业家比对低收入和高收入阶层的企业家更大。本研究将收入不平等的影响扩展到创新创业，并提高了我们对这种关系的边界条件的认识。此外，它通过澄清收入不平等在解释各国创新创业差异中的关键作用，为比较国际创业文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 0

When power shifts towards women or lesbian and gay coworkers: Effects on trust in coworkers and the role of firm international proactiveness 当权力向女性或同性恋同事转移：对同事信任的影响和公司国际主动性的作用

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101255

William Newburry , Marcelo J. Alvarado-Vargas , Michel Hermans

We explore the effects of perceived shifts of power towards minority groups on trust in coworkers. Drawing on intergroup threat theory (ITT), we argue that while the realistic threat of loss of power is similar across minority groups, differences in the extent to which groups are stigmatized and the application of social norms regarding equal opportunity and fairness explain different effects of threat perceptions on trust. We differentiate between gender, a surface-level diversity type, and sexual orientation, a deep-level diversity type to test whether differences between these groups explain differential effects on perceptions of threat resulting from power shifts. Additionally, we argue that suppression of local stereotypes by global social norms regarding equal opportunity and fairness is more likely to occur when individuals perceive a need to adhere to international behavioral frames. Hence, we examine firm international proactiveness as a moderator of associations between threat perceptions and trust in coworkers. Within a sample of 841 respondents across ten Latin American countries, and controlling for country-level characteristics, we find that diversity type matters, and that social norms regarding equal opportunity and fairness become more relevant to the extent that a firm is perceived to be more oriented towards global markets. Our findings suggest that organizations may increase trust among coworkers –an indicator of inclusion– by increasing awareness of concerns of less visible minority groups and by emphasizing supra-national social norms.

我们探讨了感知到的权力向少数群体转移对同事信任的影响。利用群体间威胁理论（ITT），我们认为，虽然少数群体对权力丧失的现实威胁是相似的，但群体被污名化的程度以及对平等机会和公平的社会规范的应用差异解释了威胁感知对信任的不同影响。我们区分了表层多样性类型的性别和深层多样性类型的性取向，以测试这些群体之间的差异是否解释了权力转移对威胁感知的不同影响。此外，我们认为，当个体认为需要遵守国际行为框架时，关于平等机会和公平的全球社会规范更有可能抑制当地刻板印象。因此，我们研究了公司的国际主动性作为威胁感知和同事信任之间关系的调节因子。在10个拉丁美洲国家的841名受访者的样本中，在控制国家层面的特征后，我们发现多样性类型很重要，关于平等机会和公平的社会规范在企业被认为更面向全球市场的程度上变得更加相关。我们的研究结果表明，组织可以通过提高对不太显眼的少数群体的关注意识和强调超国家社会规范来增加同事之间的信任——这是包容性的一个指标。

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引用次数: 0

A microscope on de-risking 降低风险的显微镜

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Journal of International Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101231

Yadong Luo

This study critiques the pervasive yet vaguely defined concept and policy of “de-risking” adopted by many nation-states and its implications for international business. The de-risking policy is a key driver of friend-shoring, re-shoring, and near-shoring. By examining the underlying properties of de-risking and its multiplex impacts, we advocate for a more thoughtful, precise, and nuanced understanding of the concept. A common consequence, perhaps to some extent unintended, of de-risking policies is the increase in the complexities and costs associated with internationalizing and internalizing for multinationals. We further explore how companies navigate the intricate interplays of emerging risks and de-risk regulations. Finally, we highlight how international businesses can manage geopolitical and geo-economic risks shaped by de-risking policies and fractured globalization more broadly, emphasizing corporate efforts such as a risk mindset, managerial foresight, and corporate orchestration to mitigate and manage new international business risks.

本研究批评了许多民族国家所采用的普遍但定义模糊的“去风险”概念和政策，以及它对国际商业的影响。降低风险的政策是“友岸”、“再岸”和“近岸”的关键驱动力。通过研究降低风险的潜在特性及其多重影响，我们提倡对这一概念进行更周到、更精确和更细致的理解。降低风险政策的一个共同后果，也许在某种程度上是无意的，是增加了跨国公司国际化和内部化的复杂性和成本。我们将进一步探讨公司如何应对新兴风险和去风险监管之间错综复杂的相互作用。最后，我们强调国际企业如何管理由去风险政策和更广泛的全球化所形成的地缘政治和地缘经济风险，强调企业的努力，如风险思维、管理远见和企业协调，以减轻和管理新的国际商业风险。

引用次数: 0

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