Pub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101290
Vas Taras , Marketa Rickley , Ilan Alon , Longzhu Dong , Hilde Malmin
This study applies a dual-method analytical approach combining Automated Machine Learning (AML) and PLS-SEM to investigate the predictors of Cultural Intelligence (CQ), one of the most commonly used constructs in international business (IB) research. Our research seeks to (1) explore a wide range of potential CQ predictors, and (2) demonstrate how AML and PLS-SEM methodologies can complement each other in IB research. Using a large international sample of 58,784 participants from 160 countries, we find that while international experience and personality traits predict CQ as expected, English language proficiency and emotional intelligence also emerge as significant predictors. The methodological comparison confirms that AML excels in exploratory pattern detection and handling complex datasets, while PLS-SEM enables theory testing and structural validation. The integration of both methods yields richer insights than either method alone. Implications for practice and research are discussed, and guidelines for using AML and PLS-SEM in IB research are provided.
{"title":"Predictors of Cultural Intelligence: Automated Machine Learning vs. PLS-SEM","authors":"Vas Taras , Marketa Rickley , Ilan Alon , Longzhu Dong , Hilde Malmin","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study applies a dual-method analytical approach combining Automated Machine Learning (AML) and PLS-SEM to investigate the predictors of Cultural Intelligence (CQ), one of the most commonly used constructs in international business (IB) research. Our research seeks to (1) explore a wide range of potential CQ predictors, and (2) demonstrate how AML and PLS-SEM methodologies can complement each other in IB research. Using a large international sample of 58,784 participants from 160 countries, we find that while international experience and personality traits predict CQ as expected, English language proficiency and emotional intelligence also emerge as significant predictors. The methodological comparison confirms that AML excels in exploratory pattern detection and handling complex datasets, while PLS-SEM enables theory testing and structural validation. The integration of both methods yields richer insights than either method alone. Implications for practice and research are discussed, and guidelines for using AML and PLS-SEM in IB research are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101291
Daniel S. Andrews , Michael H. Wolfesberger , Laurenz Tinhof , Ajai Gaur
This study examines how multinational firms manage decision delegation in foreign subsidiaries amid varying intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. Analyzing data from 401 subsidiaries, we find that the relationship between institutional IPR differences and decision delegation is mediated by subsidiary strategic roles. In environments with weaker IPR protection, corporate parents position subsidiaries toward competence-exploiting roles, emphasizing non-local engagement and internal reliance on supplies. Conversely, in stronger IPR environments, subsidiaries adopt competence-creating roles with greater local knowledge engagement and external supply inflows. These strategic roles subsequently influence decision structures, with competence-creating roles requiring more autonomy and competence-exploiting roles facilitating centralization. This environment-strategy-structure alignment advances theory of how multinational firms design their organization to balance knowledge protection and creation globally.
{"title":"Knowledge governance in multinational firms: Subsidiary roles amid IPR differences","authors":"Daniel S. Andrews , Michael H. Wolfesberger , Laurenz Tinhof , Ajai Gaur","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how multinational firms manage decision delegation in foreign subsidiaries amid varying intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. Analyzing data from 401 subsidiaries, we find that the relationship between institutional IPR differences and decision delegation is mediated by subsidiary strategic roles. In environments with weaker IPR protection, corporate parents position subsidiaries toward competence-exploiting roles, emphasizing non-local engagement and internal reliance on supplies. Conversely, in stronger IPR environments, subsidiaries adopt competence-creating roles with greater local knowledge engagement and external supply inflows. These strategic roles subsequently influence decision structures, with competence-creating roles requiring more autonomy and competence-exploiting roles facilitating centralization. This environment-strategy-structure alignment advances theory of how multinational firms design their organization to balance knowledge protection and creation globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101281
Hasan Harmanci , Mahmoud Khalik , Jose Godinez
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets (EMs) are increasingly engaging in internationalization despite facing resource constraints and institutional barriers. However, there is limited understanding of how internationalization enablers influence internationalization patterns in these contexts. We investigate how networks, strategic entrepreneurship, and government support shape the speed, scope, and scale of internationalization among EM SMEs. Analyzing Turkish SMEs in the automotive supplier industry, we adopt a multiple case study approach to examine how they mobilize internal and external enablers under conditions of institutional duality and market volatility. Our findings reveal that institutional and business networks accelerate initial market entry and broaden geographic reach, while social networks play only a marginal role. Strategic entrepreneurship, particularly through frugal innovation, learning, and alliances, enables firms to expand and sustain international operations over time. Government support mechanisms, such as trade fair subsidies and export grants, play a critical role in reducing entry barriers and extending foreign market reach, although their effect on scale remains limited.
{"title":"Emerging market SMEs' internationalization enablers and their influence on internationalization patterns: The case of Turkish automotive suppliers","authors":"Hasan Harmanci , Mahmoud Khalik , Jose Godinez","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets (EMs) are increasingly engaging in internationalization<span><span> despite facing resource constraints and institutional barriers. However, there is limited understanding of how internationalization enablers influence internationalization patterns in these contexts. We investigate how networks, strategic entrepreneurship, and government support shape the speed, scope, and scale of internationalization among EM SMEs. Analyzing Turkish SMEs in the automotive supplier </span>industry, we adopt a multiple </span></span>case study<span> approach to examine how they mobilize internal and external enablers under conditions of institutional duality and market volatility. Our findings reveal that institutional and business networks accelerate initial market entry and broaden geographic reach, while social networks play only a marginal role. Strategic entrepreneurship, particularly through frugal innovation, learning, and alliances, enables firms to expand and sustain international operations over time. Government support mechanisms, such as trade fair subsidies and export grants, play a critical role in reducing entry barriers and extending foreign market reach, although their effect on scale remains limited.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101264
Tatiana Lukoianove , Andreea Mihalache-Okeef , Irem Demirkan , Crystal Jiang , Asda Chintakananda , George O. White III
This editorial introduces a special issue (SI) aimed at advancing research on socio-political risk (SPR) and its impact on international business (IB) through methodological innovations. To contextualize the contributions of this SI and shed light on how SPR research has evolved over time, we first examine recent methodological trends in the field. We conducted bibliometric analysis of 829 SPR-related papers published in top management journals between 2019 and 2023 to identify recent changes in the use of methodologies in SPR scholarship. This analysis demonstrates that SPR research had some methodological diversity, relying predominantly on regression analysis, followed by case studies, textual analysis, and discrete choice modeling. Certain methods were used more frequently than others for studying specific types of SPRs. Our findings also revealed dissatisfaction with aggregate measures of SPRs, leading to increased use of content analysis for improving the understanding of SPR's multidimensionality. To address some of these gaps and to take SPR scholarship to the next methodological level, we selected seven pioneering papers for this SI. Two SI papers explain the use of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for studying the multifaceted nature and subjectivity of SPR. The SI introduces two novel datasets: one on lobbying for the analyzing corporate political activities of foreign firms in the US and another on nightlights data for SPR analysis. Three innovative measures offered in the SI's papers are especially useful for measuring specific SPR aspects such as nationalistic political rhetoric, grassroots socio-political sentiments, and cross-national information distance. These contributions aim to extend our understanding of SPRs within international management domain by emphasizing the need for methodological pluralism and interdisciplinary approaches when studying SPR.
{"title":"Emerging methodologies in socio-political risk research: An introduction","authors":"Tatiana Lukoianove , Andreea Mihalache-Okeef , Irem Demirkan , Crystal Jiang , Asda Chintakananda , George O. White III","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This editorial introduces a special issue (SI) aimed at advancing research on socio-political risk (SPR) and its impact on international business (IB) through methodological innovations. To contextualize the contributions of this SI and shed light on how SPR research has evolved over time, we first examine recent methodological trends in the field. We conducted bibliometric analysis of 829 SPR-related papers published in top management journals between 2019 and 2023 to identify recent changes in the use of methodologies in SPR scholarship. This analysis demonstrates that SPR research had some methodological diversity, relying predominantly on regression analysis, followed by case studies<span><span>, textual analysis, and discrete choice modeling<span>. Certain methods were used more frequently than others for studying specific types of SPRs. Our findings also revealed dissatisfaction with aggregate measures of SPRs, leading to increased use of content analysis for improving the understanding of SPR's multidimensionality. To address some of these gaps and to take SPR scholarship to the next methodological level, we selected seven pioneering papers for this SI. Two SI papers explain the use of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for studying the multifaceted nature and subjectivity of SPR. The SI introduces two novel datasets: one on lobbying for the analyzing corporate political activities of foreign firms in the US and another on nightlights data for SPR analysis. Three innovative measures offered in the SI's papers are especially useful for measuring specific SPR aspects such as nationalistic political rhetoric, grassroots socio-political sentiments, and cross-national information distance. These contributions aim to extend our understanding of SPRs within international management domain by emphasizing the need for </span></span>methodological pluralism and interdisciplinary approaches when studying SPR.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101283
Revti Raman Sharma
The role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in tackling environmental sustainability challenges is contested. Some MNEs lead and champion environmental sustainability initiatives, while others use greenwashing and exploit pollution havens. We describe these approaches towards environmental sustainability as different ‘shades of green.’ Based on a systematic literature review of 77 articles from 13 international business and strategy journals, we present a dynamic typology and profiles of MNEs' environmental strategic role orientations (ESROs). These ESROs (leader, champion, masquerader, and exploiter) depend on various configurations of green resources and capabilities, and institutional pressures. The developed profiles relate to ESROs' environmental strategy, performance, and disclosures. We also suggest future research opportunities.
{"title":"Environmental strategic role orientations of multinational enterprises: Different shades of green","authors":"Revti Raman Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in tackling environmental sustainability challenges is contested. Some MNEs lead and champion environmental sustainability initiatives, while others use greenwashing and exploit pollution havens. We describe these approaches towards environmental sustainability as different ‘shades of green.’ Based on a systematic literature review of 77 articles from 13 international business and strategy journals, we present a dynamic typology and profiles of MNEs' environmental strategic role orientations (ESROs). These ESROs (leader, champion, masquerader, and exploiter) depend on various configurations of green resources and capabilities, and institutional pressures. The developed profiles relate to ESROs' environmental strategy, performance, and disclosures. We also suggest future research opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101282
Angela da Rocha , Luíza Neves Marques da Fonseca , Clarice Secches Kogut
This study examines how extant literature has addressed the phenomena of near-shoring and friend-shoring. Through a systematic literature review of 51 papers published since the term's first appearance in academic literature to October 2024, it provides (i) an overview of the current state of academic research on the topics, compiling key themes and relevant findings; (ii) a conceptual framework organizing these themes; and (iii) a detailed examination of research gaps and future directions, mainly from an International Business perspective. Therefore, the study's primary contribution is to stimulate scholarly interest in these increasingly significant phenomena, which merit further academic attention.
{"title":"Deciphering relocation paths: A systematic literature review of near-shoring and friend-shoring","authors":"Angela da Rocha , Luíza Neves Marques da Fonseca , Clarice Secches Kogut","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how extant literature has addressed the phenomena of near-shoring and friend-shoring. Through a systematic literature review of 51 papers published since the term's first appearance in academic literature to October 2024, it provides (i) an overview of the current state of academic research on the topics, compiling key themes and relevant findings; (ii) a conceptual framework organizing these themes; and (iii) a detailed examination of research gaps and future directions, mainly from an International Business perspective. Therefore, the study's primary contribution is to stimulate scholarly interest in these increasingly significant phenomena, which merit further academic attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101280
Snehal Awate , Ram Mudambi , Vittoria G. Scalera , Andreas P.J. Schotter
Global connectivity represents a critical enabler of progress as it contributes to the exchange of goods, knowledge, and ideas across organizational and national borders. Technology- and human-based networks are the prime drivers of connectivity. The development of information and communication technologies, together with the movement of people across borders, has dramatically accelerated collaboration on a global scale, fostering innovation, cultural exchange, and economic prosperity. Yet, connectivity is a double-edged sword. The increasing interconnectedness of our world also uncovers the liability of global connections, which renders countries and organizations more vulnerable to disruptions, particularly under certain conditions. We discuss how different forms of connectivity face distinct threats when disruptions occur, depending on the source and predictability of such disruptions. A key pillar of our analysis is the focus on the complex interplay between human and technological factors in shaping our interconnected world and the implications for firms, especially multinational enterprises (MNEs). Carefully analyzing the composite portfolio of connectivity by balancing the technological and human factors is a core strategic requisite to ensure resilience and renewal for MNEs in a complex, interconnected world. We provide a more comprehensive perspective on global connectivity in the international business context to understand the complexities of disruptions. Building on a rich foundation, we offer an agenda outlining new avenues for future research to improve our collective understanding of global connectivity in a world of disruptions.
{"title":"Global connectivity in a world of disruptions","authors":"Snehal Awate , Ram Mudambi , Vittoria G. Scalera , Andreas P.J. Schotter","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global connectivity represents a critical enabler of progress as it contributes to the exchange of goods, knowledge, and ideas across organizational and national borders. Technology- and human-based networks are the prime drivers of connectivity. The development of information and communication technologies, together with the movement of people across borders, has dramatically accelerated collaboration on a global scale, fostering innovation, cultural exchange, and economic prosperity. Yet, connectivity is a double-edged sword. The increasing interconnectedness of our world also uncovers the <em>liability of global connections</em><span>, which renders countries and organizations more vulnerable to disruptions, particularly under certain conditions. We discuss how different forms of connectivity face distinct threats when disruptions occur, depending on the source and predictability of such disruptions. A key pillar of our analysis is the focus on the complex interplay between human and technological factors in shaping our interconnected world and the implications for firms, especially multinational enterprises (MNEs). Carefully analyzing the composite portfolio of connectivity by balancing the technological and human factors is a core strategic requisite to ensure resilience and renewal for MNEs in a complex, interconnected world. We provide a more comprehensive perspective on global connectivity in the international business context to understand the complexities of disruptions. Building on a rich foundation, we offer an agenda outlining new avenues for future research to improve our collective understanding of global connectivity in a world of disruptions.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101277
Ana Botella Andreu , Katiuscia Lavoratori
This study examines the relationship between the complexity of the international activities of European multinational corporations (MNCs) and the regional dispersion of their headquarters (HQ) systems within their home region. To explore this, we assess both external complexity (related to MNC’ exposure to different markets) and internal complexity (the nature of the value chain and activities carried out by the MNC) and analyze their effects on headquarters dispersion.
Theoretically, we draw on Information Processing Theory, which recognizes that higher value-added activities (e.g., R&D, marketing) are inherently more complex to manage. As a result, strategic responses to this complexity influence the structure of the headquarters system. Our hypotheses are tested using a sample of 554 new foreign HQ investments by European companies. The findings suggest that the level of complexity drives the regional dispersion of headquarters systems.
From an academic standpoint, we operationalize the complexity of multinational corporations, particularly focusing on internal complexity by considering the characteristics of the value chain and subsidiary activities. Additionally, we connect both internal and external complexity at the regional level to the strategic response of headquarters dispersion from an empirical perspective. Finally, our study suggests that following the regionalization of value chains, headquarters may be reorganized geographically, which is also a topic of interest for policymakers.
{"title":"Two heads are better than one: Determinants of European MNC's headquarters dispersion in their home region","authors":"Ana Botella Andreu , Katiuscia Lavoratori","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between the complexity of the international activities of European multinational corporations (MNCs) and the regional dispersion of their headquarters (HQ) systems within their home region. To explore this, we assess both external complexity (related to MNC’ exposure to different markets) and internal complexity (the nature of the value chain and activities carried out by the MNC) and analyze their effects on headquarters dispersion.</div><div>Theoretically, we draw on Information Processing Theory, which recognizes that higher value-added activities (e.g., R&D, marketing) are inherently more complex to manage. As a result, strategic responses to this complexity influence the structure of the headquarters system. Our hypotheses are tested using a sample of 554 new foreign HQ investments by European companies. The findings suggest that the level of complexity drives the regional dispersion of headquarters systems.</div><div>From an academic standpoint, we operationalize the complexity of multinational corporations, particularly focusing on internal complexity by considering the characteristics of the value chain and subsidiary activities. Additionally, we connect both internal and external complexity at the regional level to the strategic response of headquarters dispersion from an empirical perspective. Finally, our study suggests that following the regionalization of value chains, headquarters may be reorganized geographically, which is also a topic of interest for policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101276
Limin Zhu , Jing Zhao , Jane W. Lu
While scholars have highlighted the significant role of institutions in cross-border acquisition—a key yet high-risk activities in economic globalization, the influence of home country government, particularly the governmental officials, remains less explored. Governmental officials can wield their influence on firms to align corporate actions with their political incentives, which vary according to their career stage. We propose that officials at the end of their terms are more risk-averse and, therefore, tend to discourage high-risk business. Focusing on cross-border acquisitions by Chinese firms, we found that during the one-year period before political turnover, these acquisitions manifest in lower stake sought. Additional analyses suggest that the reduction in the risk level of cross-border acquisitions during political turnover periods varies according to the politician's risk-taking propensity and firms' vulnerability to the politician's influence in their jurisdictions. By highlighting officials' political incentives associated with political turnover, this study provides novel insights into research on cross-border acquisitions in emerging markets.
{"title":"Politicians' risk aversion and stake-sought in cross-border acquisitions","authors":"Limin Zhu , Jing Zhao , Jane W. Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While scholars have highlighted the significant role of institutions in cross-border acquisition—a key yet high-risk activities in economic globalization, the influence of home country government, particularly the governmental officials, remains less explored. Governmental officials can wield their influence on firms to align corporate actions with their political incentives, which vary according to their career stage. We propose that officials at the end of their terms are more risk-averse and, therefore, tend to discourage high-risk business. Focusing on cross-border acquisitions by Chinese firms, we found that during the one-year period before political turnover, these acquisitions manifest in lower stake sought. Additional analyses suggest that the reduction in the risk level of cross-border acquisitions during political turnover periods varies according to the politician's risk-taking propensity and firms' vulnerability to the politician's influence in their jurisdictions. By highlighting officials' political incentives associated with political turnover, this study provides novel insights into research on cross-border acquisitions in emerging markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2025.101275
Rachida Aïssaoui , Norbert Sipos , Frances Fabian
This study advances a culturally contingent approach to the resource-based view (RBV) by theorizing how national culture may affect the ways SMEs evaluate their resource endowments before deciding to internationalize. Comparing 1060 SMEs from 4 advanced and 11 emerging and developing economies, and accounting for the SME's national culture, our study departs from universalistic assumptions about the role of resources as a barrier to SME internationalization. SME internationalization research has often emphasized nations' economic status to explain why and when firms expand globally; we demonstrate that its effects are conflated with culture, obscuring critical dynamics in the process. Our findings extend RBV theory by introducing “cultural resource valuation” as a key mechanism, highlighting, for instance, a more nuanced role for networking capabilities in supporting the successful internationalization of SMEs than previously argued. We conclude that both managers and policymakers must recognize this cultural contingency, as Western-derived generalizations may misalign with domestic trade imperatives in diverse contexts. Doing so offers both theoretical nuance and practical guidance for SME internationalization.
{"title":"A culturally contingent view of the RBV in SMES internationalization","authors":"Rachida Aïssaoui , Norbert Sipos , Frances Fabian","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study advances a culturally contingent approach to the resource-based view (RBV) by theorizing how national culture may affect the ways SMEs evaluate their resource endowments before deciding to internationalize. Comparing 1060 SMEs from 4 advanced and 11 emerging and developing economies, and accounting for the SME's national culture, our study departs from universalistic assumptions about the role of resources as a barrier to SME internationalization. SME internationalization research has often emphasized nations' economic status to explain why and when firms expand globally; we demonstrate that its effects are conflated with culture, obscuring critical dynamics in the process. Our findings extend RBV theory by introducing “<em>cultural resource valuation</em>” as a key mechanism, highlighting, for instance, a more nuanced role for networking capabilities in supporting the successful internationalization of SMEs than previously argued. We conclude that both managers and policymakers must recognize this cultural contingency, as Western-derived generalizations may misalign with domestic trade imperatives in diverse contexts. Doing so offers both theoretical nuance and practical guidance for SME internationalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 101275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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