Journal of Anthropological Archaeology最新文献_第3页

Alternatives to interpretive binaries in archaeologies of migration 迁移考古学中解释性二进制的替代方法

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101709

Julia Jong-Haines , Erin P. Riggs

This issue critically considers the binary assumptions archaeologists typically rely on when examining materials and landscapes of migrant and diaspora communities. These assumptions typically involve the search for either migrant associated material culture versus local/host material culture ALSO the search for change versus continuity within migrant associated material cultures. While these ways of approaching migration contexts have long been critiqued in archaeology as both factually inaccurate and associated with political bigotry, they have remained persistent in practice. Speaking across the seven case studies presented in this issue, we consider why this is the case. Why is it so challenging to ‘see’ migration archaeologically without employing categorical thinking related to identity and identity construction? Each contributor to this issue highlights the contextual challenges different migrant groups faced and provides a different answer and solution to how to interpret coping strategies through the material record. Some seek to de-center identity categories as the theoretical entry-point of all archaeological considerations of migration. Others suggest that identity is central to how communities see themselves, but attempt to highlight the ways in which understandings of these categories are multifaceted, ever-in-flux, contended, and/or situated within complex ecological and material worlds. Ultimately, as a collection, we feel that these case studies illustrate the great irony of migration contexts: migration reveals spacio-cultural associations as malleable, while at the same time foregrounding the political import and impact of spaciocultural associations. As such, archaeologists working in contexts of migration must strive to challenge the perceived fixity of ethnoregional categories and cultural territories, while simultaneously illustrating the extent to which understandings of such categories and territories shape the wellbeing and goals of people-on-the-move.

这个问题批判性地考虑了考古学家在检查移民和散居社区的材料和景观时通常依赖的二元假设。这些假设通常涉及寻找与移民相关的物质文化与当地/东道国物质文化，以及寻找与移民相关的物质文化中的变化与连续性。虽然这些研究移民背景的方法长期以来在考古学中被批评为既不准确又与政治偏见有关，但它们在实践中仍然存在。通过本期提出的七个案例研究，我们考虑了为什么会出现这种情况。为什么在不使用与身份和身份建构相关的分类思维的情况下，从考古学角度“观察”移民如此具有挑战性？本问题的每位撰稿人都强调了不同移民群体面临的背景挑战，并就如何通过材料记录解读应对策略提供了不同的答案和解决方案。有些人试图去中心化身份范畴，将其作为所有迁移考古学考虑的理论切入点。其他人认为身份是社区如何看待自己的核心，但试图强调对这些类别的理解是多方面的，不断变化的，有争议的，和/或位于复杂的生态和物质世界中的方式。最终，作为一个集合，我们认为这些案例研究说明了移民背景的巨大讽刺：移民揭示了空间文化联系是可塑的，同时也突出了空间文化联系的政治重要性和影响。因此，在移民背景下工作的考古学家必须努力挑战人们对民族区域类别和文化领土的认知固定性，同时说明对这些类别和领土的理解在多大程度上塑造了流动人口的福祉和目标。

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引用次数: 0

Raised from the ashes: Geoarchaeological perspectives on house burning practices in an Iberian Iron Age village 从灰烬中升起：伊比利亚铁器时代村庄房屋焚烧实践的地质考古学观点

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101711

Laura Tomé , Antonio Blanco-González , Eneko Iriarte , Ángel Carrancho , Natalia García-Redondo , Santiago Sossa-Ríos , Alejandra Sánchez-Polo , María Martín-Seijo , Carolina Mallol

Burnt houses are a recurrent phenomenon in the prehistoric archaeological record, yet the specific processes behind their burning—likely varying across time and place—remain poorly understood. This study focuses on a thoroughly studied dwelling (House 1) from the Iberian Early Iron Age settlement of Cerro de San Vicente and investigates site formation processes associated with its burning. To achieve this, we applied a multi-proxy geoarchaeological approach, integrating archaeological soil micromorphology—including charcoal analysis on thin sections—, magnetic properties analyses, XRD, XRF, and GIS-based morphological and spatial analyses of mudbricks. Our results suggest that House 1 experienced a high temperature fire, reaching temperatures of up to ∼700 °C, which destroyed its roof, burnt its walls, and generated an ash deposit rich in combustion residues. Shortly thereafter, the house was deliberately infilled with burnt reused mudbricks, recycled both from its dismantled walls and potentially other buildings across the settlement. This practice likely served to raise the level of the house to compensate for midden accumulation in the surrounding transit areas while providing a foundation for new construction phases. These findings suggest that construction materials were reused over time according to context-specific cultural rationales, potentially reflecting elements of a prehistoric circular economy. This research enhances our understanding of settlement and socio-cultural dynamics at Cerro de San Vicente, while contributing to broader archaeological discussions on the roles of prehistoric house burning practices.

烧毁的房屋在史前考古记录中是一个反复出现的现象，然而它们燃烧背后的具体过程——可能随着时间和地点的不同而变化——仍然知之甚少。这项研究的重点是彻底研究了伊比利亚早期铁器时代Cerro de San Vicente定居点的住宅（House 1），并调查了与其燃烧相关的遗址形成过程。为了实现这一目标，我们采用了一种多代理地质考古方法，将考古土壤微形态（包括薄片上的木炭分析）、磁性分析、XRD、XRF和基于gis的泥砖形态和空间分析结合起来。我们的研究结果表明，1号房子经历了一场高温火灾，温度高达~ 700°C，破坏了屋顶，烧毁了墙壁，并产生了富含燃烧残留物的灰烬沉积物。此后不久，房屋被故意填充了燃烧过的再使用泥砖，这些泥砖是从拆除的墙壁和整个定居点的其他建筑物中回收的。这种做法可能有助于提高房屋的水平，以弥补周围交通区域的中间堆积，同时为新建筑阶段提供基础。这些发现表明，随着时间的推移，建筑材料会根据特定的文化原理进行再利用，这可能反映了史前循环经济的要素。这项研究增强了我们对Cerro de San Vicente定居点和社会文化动态的理解，同时有助于对史前房屋燃烧实践的作用进行更广泛的考古讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the “Luxury Food” Paradigm: Reassessing the social significance of rice in Late Neolithic (4500–4000 cal BP) Southeastern Shandong, China 超越“奢侈食品”范式：重新评估新石器时代晚期（4500-4000 cal BP）山东东南部水稻的社会意义

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101710

Xu Liu , Shuhan Zhang , Rubi Wu , Bingyan Wang , Haohong Cai , Yanbo Song , Anne P. Underhill , Xuexiang Chen

The role of food in hierarchical societies has been widely discussed, particularly for rice (Oryza sativa L.), a crop of great economic importance and symbolic significance in Asia. Previous studies have emphasized the role of rice as a luxury food and a status symbol in the middle and lower Yellow River during the Late Neolithic to Bronze Age, primarily based on its concentrated presence in large settlements in various areas. However, the “luxury food” hypothesis remains contested due to insufficient comparative analysis of rice utilization patterns across settlements of different sizes. This study examines the nature of rice farming practices and the social significance of rice during the Late Neolithic period through new archaeobotanical evidence from Sujiacun (4,500–4,000 cal BP) alongside material from contemporaneous sites in southeastern Shandong, China. The results suggest that rice processing and consumption at Sujiacun were organized at the household level, with cooperation among households for some activities. We argue that rice served as a staple food across settlements of different sizes in southeastern Shandong, a pattern that transcends the explanatory scope of the traditional “luxury food” paradigm. This widespread adoption was driven by improvements in rice cultivation techniques, supported by community cooperation and inter–household collaboration. The study reveals that the social significance of rice is dynamic in both time and space, influenced by the developmental trajectories of rice cultivation in different social and environmental contexts. This further underscores the importance of evaluating specific archaeological contexts in investigations about access to rice or to other hypothesized luxury foods.

食物在等级社会中的作用已经被广泛讨论，特别是水稻（Oryza sativa L.），一种在亚洲具有重要经济意义和象征意义的作物。先前的研究强调了新石器时代晚期至青铜时代黄河中下游地区大米作为奢侈食品和地位象征的作用，主要是基于大米集中存在于各个地区的大型定居点。然而，由于对不同规模聚落间水稻利用模式的比较分析不足，“奢侈食物”假说仍然存在争议。本研究通过来自苏家村（距今4500 - 4000 cal BP）的新考古植物证据，以及来自中国山东东南部同时期遗址的材料，考察了新石器时代晚期水稻种植实践的性质和水稻的社会意义。结果表明，苏家村水稻加工和消费以家庭为单位组织，部分活动由家庭合作进行。我们认为，在鲁东南不同规模的聚落中，大米是一种主食，这种模式超越了传统的“奢侈食品”范式的解释范围。水稻种植技术的改进推动了这种广泛采用，并得到了社区合作和家庭间合作的支持。研究表明，水稻的社会意义在时间和空间上都是动态的，受不同社会和环境背景下水稻种植发展轨迹的影响。这进一步强调了在调查获取大米或其他假设的奢侈食品时评估特定考古背景的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Complicated endings: Household-based foodways and the demise of Early Bronze Age urban society in the southern Levant 复杂的结局：以家庭为基础的食物方式和黎凡特南部早期青铜时代城市社会的消亡

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101687

Hanna Erftenbeck , Meredith S. Chesson

The end of the Early Bronze Age III (EB III, c. 2900–2500 BCE) period in the southern Levant (modern day Jordan, Israel, Palestine, southern Lebanon, and southern Syria) has traditionally been characterized as a time of wide-scale, total collapse. Recently, researchers have highlighted evidence for cultural continuity and slow transitions as people abandoned EB III urban settlements throughout the region to disperse into villages, hamlets, and farmsteads during the EB IV (c. 2500–2000 BCE). Focusing on the last occupations of EB III Numayra and Tall al-Handaquq South in Jordan, we examine household-based food practices as indicators of what everyday life was like for EB people living through the decline of their communities. Analyzing ceramic storage and serving vessel data, we found an overall continuity in serving and storage practices at both sites before their abandonment, suggesting that residents of both communities did not alter their daily food practices and likely maintained their social and economic networks despite approaching a ‘collapse’ of EB urbanism. However, significant decreases in platterbowl size and serving vessel decoration indicate smaller scales of food-sharing and possibly early hints of out-migration from Numayra and Tall al-Handaquq South. This research requires scholars to pursue a more nuanced understanding of EB urban abandonment, one that recognizes the continuity in foodways between terminal EB III and early EB IV settlements.

在黎凡特南部（今天的约旦、以色列、巴勒斯坦、黎巴嫩南部和叙利亚南部）的早期青铜时代III （EB III，公元前2900-2500年）末期，传统上被认为是一个大规模、全面崩溃的时期。最近，研究人员强调了文化连续性和缓慢过渡的证据，因为人们在EB IV（公元前2500-2000年）期间放弃了整个地区的EB III城市定居点，分散到村庄、小村庄和农场。以约旦EB III Numayra和Tall al-Handaquq South最后的职业为重点，我们研究了以家庭为基础的食物实践，作为EB人在社区衰落期间日常生活的指标。分析陶瓷储存和服务容器数据，我们发现在这两个地点被遗弃之前，服务和储存实践的总体连续性，这表明两个社区的居民并没有改变他们的日常饮食习惯，并且可能保持他们的社会和经济网络，尽管EB城市化接近“崩溃”。然而，拼盘碗大小和器皿装饰的显著减少表明，食物分享的规模较小，可能是努迈拉和塔尔阿尔汉达克南部向外迁移的早期迹象。这项研究要求学者们对EB城市遗弃进行更细致入微的理解，认识到EB III末期和EB IV早期定居点之间食物方式的连续性。

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引用次数: 0

Home, hearth, and housekeeping: Alternative methods for detecting migrants in the Wari Empire, Peru 家，壁炉和家务：在秘鲁瓦里帝国发现移民的不同方法

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101701

Donna J. Nash

The existence of a Wari Empire in Peru was debated for several decades. Despite shifts in settlement patterns and large-scale landscape transformations, researchers questioned Wari hegemony based on the prevalence and quality of “imperially branded” ceramics. These artifacts were predominantly from tombs and could be attributed to a network of prestige exchange or markers of political affiliation. In recent years, studies of archaeological households have reshaped perspectives on Wari expansion by allowing for different types of migrants: those originating in the core, those moving within regions or moving between provinces. In this paper I advocate for household archaeology, a focus on domestic assemblages, and attention to the tangible features of quotidian activities as the means to move beyond narratives posing the conquerors vs. the conquered and a reliance on diacritical goods, which may be limited to the elite and/or mask the regional origin of people participating in imperial projects. Household archaeology is in a better position to detect culture differences in Wari-affiliated colonial settlements, where locals and migrants from diverse cultural backgrounds interacted with each other, differentially participated in the polity as state agents, formed regionalized traditions, and changed some practices, while retaining others, over the course of several generations.

关于秘鲁是否存在瓦里帝国的争论持续了几十年。尽管定居模式发生了变化，大规模的景观发生了变化，但研究人员还是质疑瓦里人的霸权地位，因为“帝王烙印”陶瓷的流行和质量。这些文物主要来自坟墓，可以归因于声望交换网络或政治派别的标志。近年来，对考古家庭的研究通过考虑不同类型的移民，重塑了对瓦里扩张的看法：那些来自核心地区的人，那些在地区内移动的人，或者在省与省之间移动的人。在本文中，我提倡家庭考古学，关注家庭集合，关注日常活动的有形特征，作为超越征服者与被征服者的叙述和对可变物品的依赖的手段，这可能仅限于精英和/或掩盖参与帝国项目的人的地区起源。家庭考古学能够更好地发现与战争有关的殖民定居点的文化差异，在那里，来自不同文化背景的当地人和移民彼此互动，以不同的方式作为国家代理人参与政治，形成区域化的传统，并在几代人的过程中改变了一些做法，同时保留了其他做法。

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引用次数: 0

Problematizing ‘alliance’ in anthropological archaeology 人类学考古学中的“联盟”问题

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101706

Elizabeth Arkush, Paul Roscoe, Jennifer Birch, Ben Raffield

Alliances are critical components of human sociality, often essential to social existence itself. It is no surprise therefore that alliance crops up everywhere in anthropological and archaeological discourse. Yet scholarship on alliance consists largely of case studies rather than analytical discussion of the phenomenon itself. While alliances can be difficult to identify with confidence in the archaeological record, they are too important in human affairs to ignore. Motivated by our belief that anthropological archaeology cannot fully address competition and conflict without a better understanding of alliances, we survey here various dimensions of alliance that we hope can be useful in advancing the field. We focus primarily on military and political aspects of alliances – i.e., alliances intended to increase non-lethal and lethal collective strength and power. Our investigation draws from the ethnographic and historical record of premodern societies to identify both the common characteristics of alliances and their dimensions of variability. We offer thoughts on how some of this variation might be explained, and we conclude with some hypotheses and suggestions for future research.

联盟是人类社会的重要组成部分，往往对社会存在本身至关重要。因此，在人类学和考古学的论述中，联盟随处可见也就不足为奇了。然而，关于联盟的学术研究主要是案例研究，而不是对这一现象本身的分析讨论。虽然在考古记录中很难确定联盟，但它们在人类事务中太重要了，不容忽视。我们相信，如果没有更好地理解联盟，人类学考古学就不能完全解决竞争和冲突，我们在这里调查了联盟的各个方面，我们希望这些方面可以对推进这一领域有所帮助。我们主要关注联盟的军事和政治方面，即旨在增加非致命性和致命性集体力量和权力的联盟。我们的调查借鉴了前现代社会的人种学和历史记录，以确定联盟的共同特征及其变化的维度。我们提供了一些关于如何解释这种差异的想法，并对未来的研究提出了一些假设和建议。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting strategies: Social organization and interaction in the Early Bronze Age of northwestern Scandinavia 对比策略：斯堪的纳维亚西北部青铜时代早期的社会组织与互动

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101708

Knut Ivar Austvoll , Mikael Fauvelle , Johan Ling

The transition to the Nordic Bronze Age included new technological innovations, social institutions and sociopolitical structures pushed by extensive long-distance exchange of metals and other exotica. However, traditional views often oversimplify this as a simple two-way trade system, failing to adequately explain the complex interactions in and between the regions like Scandinavia in which the societies organised themselves based on varied strategies tied to local resource potentials. Recent research, involving methods such as isotopic analysis and genomic sequencing, has provided solid evidence of movement and interaction. Despite this progress, the evidence at hand often lacks well-founded interpretations grounded in thorough theoretical frameworks. This study addresses interpretive challenges by employing an innovative framework grounded in collective action theory, integrating other aspects of social complexity and supported by regional datasets to achieve a more nuanced understanding of social dynamics. This approach informs us about the complex and contrasting organizational strategies and trade networks across northwestern Scandinavia (i.e. modern-day Norway up to the borders of Troms), illustrating further how local societies contributed to broader European networks. The study aims to offer a nuanced understanding of the region’s social dynamics, highlighting the interplay between coercive and cooperative strategies within the overarching Nordic Bronze Age system.

向北欧青铜时代的过渡包括新的技术创新、社会制度和社会政治结构，这些都是由金属和其他外来物品的广泛远距离交换所推动的。然而，传统观点往往将其过度简化为简单的双向贸易体系，未能充分解释斯堪的纳维亚等地区内部和之间复杂的相互作用，在这些地区中，社会根据与当地资源潜力相关的各种策略组织起来。最近的研究，包括同位素分析和基因组测序等方法，已经提供了运动和相互作用的确凿证据。尽管取得了这些进展，但手头的证据往往缺乏基于彻底理论框架的有充分根据的解释。本研究采用以集体行动理论为基础的创新框架，整合社会复杂性的其他方面，并以区域数据集为支持，以实现对社会动态的更细致的理解，从而解决了解释方面的挑战。这种方法让我们了解了斯堪的纳维亚半岛西北部（即现代挪威到特罗姆斯边境）复杂而鲜明的组织战略和贸易网络，进一步说明了当地社会如何为更广泛的欧洲网络做出贡献。该研究旨在对该地区的社会动态提供细致的理解，强调北欧青铜时代总体体系中强制与合作战略之间的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Materiality of forager food insecurity in the archaeological record: A case study from the central Canadian Boreal Forest, ∼1100–1300 CE 考古记录中觅食者粮食不安全的重要性：来自加拿大中部北方森林的案例研究，约1100-1300年

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101707

M. Boyd

Food insecurity is a highly disruptive force at the individual and group levels, particularly when scarce resources are culturally important. Due to the close connection between food and material culture, periods of cultural food insecurity in the past may be associated with changes in the materiality (the physical and relational manifestations of the preparation, presentation, and consumption) of these foods. In the central Canadian Boreal Forest, pottery was traditionally used to cook aquatic foods as evidenced by wild rice (manoomin, Zizania spp.) microbotanical remains in carbonized food residues on cooking pots. This paper explores the connection between periods of aquatic ecosystem instability driven by climate change and the disruption of material and social traditions linked to wild rice consumption and cooperative harvesting. This connection provides an alternative explanation for sudden stylistic transformations that occurred in pottery throughout this region approximately 800 years ago.

在个人和群体层面，粮食不安全是一种极具破坏性的力量，特别是当稀缺资源在文化上具有重要意义时。由于食物与物质文化之间的密切联系，过去的文化粮食不安全时期可能与这些食物的物质性（准备、呈现和消费的物理和关系表现）的变化有关。在加拿大北部森林中部，陶器传统上被用来烹饪水生食物，这可以从烹饪锅上碳化食物残渣中的野生稻（manoomin, Zizania spp.）微生物残留物中得到证明。本文探讨了气候变化驱动的水生生态系统不稳定时期与野生水稻消费和合作收获相关的物质和社会传统中断之间的联系。这种联系为大约800年前该地区陶器的突然风格转变提供了另一种解释。

引用次数: 0

A crossroads between the Mediterranean and the Alps: Lithic technology, raw material procurement, and mobility in the Aurignacian of Riparo Bombrini 地中海和阿尔卑斯山之间的十字路口：里帕罗邦布里尼奥里尼亚纪的石器技术、原材料采购和流动性

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101705

Armando Falcucci , Stefano Bertola , Martina Parise , Matteo Del Rio , Julien Riel-Salvatore , Fabio Negrino

Riparo Bombrini is a collapsed rockshelter within the Balzi Rossi site complex, located at the intersection of the Maritime Alps, Northern Apennines, and Ligurian Sea. This unique environmental setting served as a crucial biogeographical corridor for human mobility along the Liguro-Provençal Arc during the Paleolithic. Multidisciplinary research at Bombrini identified three archaeological layers (i.e., A2, A1, and A0) overlying a semi-sterile Mousterian level. This paper explores the internal variability of the Protoaurignacian by analyzing lithic assemblages from layers A2 and A1, as well as a previously undescribed Early Aurignacian assemblage from layer A0. An analysis of assemblage integrity, lithic technology, and raw material procurement reveals distinct mobility and land-use strategies, despite technological uniformity. Remarkably, lithic production and use in both Protoaurignacian and Early Aurignacian layers frequently involved exogenous materials sourced from distances exceeding 150 km, with some reaching up to 450 km, spanning from the Rhône Valley to the Central Apennines. Variability in the procurement distance of discarded lithics and their changing reduction intensities highlight distinct patterns of logistical and residential mobility. Comparative analysis with regional sites indicates that foragers possessed sophisticated territorial knowledge, challenging the traditional view of the Protoaurignacian as the outcome of pioneering groups entering unfamiliar landscapes.

Riparo Bombrini是Balzi Rossi遗址综合体内的一个崩塌的岩石掩体，位于滨海阿尔卑斯山脉、亚平宁山脉北部和利古里亚海的交汇处。在旧石器时代，这一独特的环境是人类沿着liguro - provenalal弧流动的重要生物地理走廊。Bombrini的多学科研究确定了三个考古层（即A2， A1和A0）覆盖在半无菌的Mousterian水平上。本文通过分析A2和A1层的岩屑组合，以及先前描述的A0层的早奥震旦系组合，探讨了原奥震旦系的内部变异性。对组合完整性、岩屑技术和原材料采购的分析揭示了不同的流动性和土地利用策略，尽管技术统一。值得注意的是，在原奥日震期和早奥日震期地层中，岩石的生产和使用经常涉及来自距离超过150公里的外源物质，有些甚至达到450公里，从Rhône山谷到亚平宁山脉中部。废弃岩石的采购距离的变化及其减少强度的变化突出了后勤和住宅流动的不同模式。与区域遗址的比较分析表明，采集者拥有复杂的领土知识，挑战了传统的观点，即原aurignacian是拓荒者进入陌生景观的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Who made the Oldowan? Reviewing African hominin fossils and archaeological sites from 3.5 million years ago 谁造了奥尔当？回顾350万年前的非洲古人类化石和考古遗址

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101704

Eleanor M. Williams , Alastair Key , Ignacio de la Torre , Bernard Wood

The question of which African hominin taxon/taxa was responsible for producing Oldowan stone tools has persisted for nearly a century. Homo habilis, Paranthropus boisei, Homo erectus, Australopithecus garhi, and Australopithecus africanus, among others, have been proposed as candidates, but we have never had a definitive answer to ‘who made the Oldowan’. We review the hominin taxa that overlap temporally with the Oldowan, and use optimal linear estimation modeling to estimate first and last appearance dates for each taxon and the Oldowan. These modeled temporal trends suggest the Oldowan emerged c. 3.25 Ma lasting until either 1.6 or 1.2 Ma, a time span that would make the Oldowan the longest-lived human cultural tradition. The modeled emergence of the Homo genus and extinction of early Homo coincide well with the first and last appearance dates of the Oldowan, but there is also considerable temporal overlap between the Oldowan and other hominin taxa, particularly Paranthropus boisei. Early members of the Homo genus remain the principal candidate for making and using the Oldowan throughout its shorter modeled temporal range (c. 3.25–1.6 Ma), and, if the Oldowan was produced until 1.2 Ma, P. boisei is the prime candidate for producing these later artifacts.

关于哪个非洲人族分类群负责生产奥尔多瓦石器的问题持续了近一个世纪。能人、boisei副人、直立人、南方古猿garhi和非洲南方古猿等被认为是候选物种，但我们从来没有一个明确的答案来回答“谁制造了Oldowan”。我们回顾了与Oldowan在时间上重叠的古人类分类群，并使用最优线性估计模型来估计每个分类群和Oldowan的首次和最后出现日期。这些模拟的时间趋势表明，奥尔多瓦人出现于约3.25 Ma，持续到1.6或1.2 Ma，这一时间跨度将使奥尔多瓦人成为最长寿的人类文化传统。人属的出现和早期人属的灭绝与奥尔多瓦人最早和最后出现的时间吻合得很好，但奥尔多瓦人与其他古人类类群，特别是傍人（Paranthropus boisei）之间也有相当大的时间重叠。在较短的模拟时间范围内（约3.25-1.6 Ma），人属的早期成员仍然是制造和使用Oldowan的主要候选者，如果Oldowan直到1.2 Ma才产生，那么P. boisei就是制造这些后期人工制品的主要候选者。

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引用次数: 0