Technology in Society最新文献_第9页

Understanding user susceptibility to risks in AI companionship applications 了解人工智能陪伴应用中用户对风险的敏感性

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103182

Adriaan Lombard , Stephen Flowerday , John Hale

The growing adoption of emotionally adaptive Artificial Intelligence (AI) companionship applications raises critical concerns about privacy, emotional dependency, and behavioural susceptibility. These systems provide affective gratification while relying on continuous data tracking, generating tension between intimacy and surveillance. This study investigates how users’ understanding of tracking mechanisms, perceived risks, and perceived benefits jointly shape susceptibility, which is behavioural susceptibility to AI influence. Integrating cognitive dissonance theory, cognitive adaptation theory, and the privacy paradox, the research develops and validates an affective-override privacy calculus that explains how emotional rationalisation mediates privacy decision-making. The study compares users and non-users of AI companionship apps using cross-sectional survey data (n = 698) and partial least squares structural equation modelling with multi-group analysis. Results show that tracking awareness is a cognitive safeguard for non-users but an emotional rationalisation tool for users, amplifying perceived benefits and engagement despite recognised risks. The model demonstrates that emotional attachment can invert conventional risk–behaviour relationships, reframing awareness as context-dependent. Findings inform the ethical design of emotional AI, highlighting the need for emotional transparency, privacy literacy, and regulatory attention to affective coercion.

情感适应性人工智能（AI）陪伴应用的日益普及引发了对隐私、情感依赖和行为易感性的严重担忧。这些系统提供情感上的满足，同时依赖于持续的数据跟踪，在亲密和监视之间产生紧张关系。本研究探讨了用户对跟踪机制、感知风险和感知利益的理解如何共同塑造易感性，即对人工智能影响的行为易感性。本研究整合认知失调理论、认知适应理论和隐私悖论，发展并验证了情感超越隐私演算，该演算解释了情感合理化如何中介隐私决策。该研究使用横断面调查数据（n = 698）和偏最小二乘结构方程模型以及多组分析，比较了人工智能陪伴应用程序的用户和非用户。结果表明，跟踪意识对非用户来说是一种认知保障，但对用户来说是一种情感合理化工具，尽管存在公认的风险，但仍能放大感知到的利益和参与度。该模型表明，情感依恋可以逆转传统的风险行为关系，将意识重构为情境依赖。研究结果为情感人工智能的伦理设计提供了信息，强调了情感透明度、隐私素养和对情感强制的监管关注的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of charismatic influencers on polarization online: An agent-based modeling approach 魅力型网红对网络极化的影响：基于主体的建模方法

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103179

John M. Betts , Ana-Maria Bliuc , Daniel S. Courtney

In the face of increasing online polarization, understanding the role of charismatic influencers in shaping public discourse is crucial for those developing mitigation strategies. This study investigates the impact of influencers on the dynamics of polarization in digital environments through agent-based modeling. We examine how an influencer’s charisma and the nature of their message (moderate vs. extremist) affect the ideological and affective dimensions of polarization. Our experiments simulated interactions within an artificial society, manipulating characteristics of the influencer and the society. The results indicate that charismatic influencers with extremist messages accelerate polarization, particularly in more open societies. By contrast, charismatic influencers with moderate messages can reduce the rate of polarization and promote the formation of clusters of moderate individuals in the society. This research highlights the complex role of influencers in either exacerbating or alleviating polarization, and the importance of strategic communication by those seeking to moderate extreme views to preserve democratic values in the digital age.

面对日益加剧的网络两极分化，了解有魅力的影响者在塑造公共话语方面的作用，对于制定缓解战略至关重要。本研究通过基于智能体的模型研究影响者对数字环境中极化动态的影响。我们研究了影响者的魅力和他们的信息的性质（温和vs极端主义）如何影响两极分化的意识形态和情感维度。我们的实验模拟了人工社会中的互动，操纵影响者和社会的特征。研究结果表明，带有极端主义信息的有魅力的影响者加速了两极分化，特别是在更开放的社会中。而具有温和信息的魅力型网红能够降低社会极化率，促进社会中温和个体集群的形成。这项研究强调了影响者在加剧或缓解两极分化方面的复杂作用，以及那些寻求缓和极端观点以维护数字时代民主价值观的人的战略沟通的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Managing disasters with advanced technology solutions: Introduction to the special issue 用先进的技术解决方案管理灾难：特刊简介

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103180

Dilek Cetindamar , Kunio Shirahada , Yucel Saygin

This Special Issue explores how technology-based regenerative services can strengthen disaster management and foster resilient communities. Drawing on 11 peer-reviewed articles, the collection advances two interlinked themes: (1) regenerative services that move beyond short-term recovery to actively restore ecosystems, social systems, and livelihoods; and (2) technology management in disaster contexts, where tools such as AI must be adapted to unstable, resource-constrained environments. The contributions demonstrate that resilience is multi-dimensional—ecological, socio-technical, and economic—and that technology acts both as an enabler and a barrier, depending on its accessibility, adaptability, and governance. Across the studies, three insights emerge: resilience requires proactive and regenerative strategies, technology is a catalyst for coordination when effectively managed, and equity is central to sustaining resilience. Collectively, the Special Issue underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches that integrate environmental science, social sciences, and technology management to design inclusive, adaptive, and regenerative disaster responses.

本期特刊探讨了以技术为基础的再生服务如何加强灾害管理和培育具有复原力的社区。根据11篇同行评议的文章，该合集提出了两个相互关联的主题：(1)超越短期恢复，积极恢复生态系统、社会系统和生计的再生服务；(2)灾害环境下的技术管理，人工智能等工具必须适应不稳定、资源受限的环境。这些贡献表明，弹性是多维的——生态的、社会技术的和经济的——技术既可以作为推动者，也可以作为障碍，这取决于它的可及性、适应性和治理。通过这些研究，我们得出了三个结论：韧性需要前瞻性和可再生战略；技术在得到有效管理时是协调的催化剂；公平是维持韧性的核心。总的来说，本期特刊强调需要采用跨学科方法，将环境科学、社会科学和技术管理结合起来，设计包容性、适应性和可再生的灾害应对措施。

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引用次数: 0

Civil-military technology proximity and disclosure balance for the civilian Firm's Performance: A comparative study 军民技术接近与信息披露平衡对企业绩效影响的比较研究

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103178

Tariq H. Malik , Yanmei Wang , Yifan He

This study examines the civil-military technology proximity-disclosure (PD) fit and its impact on the performance of civilian firms, with a comparative focus on China and the United States. In light of the growing global prominence of civil-military links, this research addresses the strategic tensions between technological proximity (access to military technologies) and technological disclosure (transparency to external stakeholders) in influencing firm outcomes. Leveraging data from 2651 civilian firms across 82 countries, the analysis reveals distinct patterns between Chinese and American firms. Chinese firms, characterised by high proximity and lower disclosure, demonstrate superior performance when they maintain proximity to military technologies and increase their disclosure. Conversely, American firms perform better when they enhance proximity to military technologies while maintaining high disclosure levels. These findings suggest that national contexts significantly shape the optimal PD fit for firm performance, challenging universal approaches to civil-military collaboration in a single universal model. The study contributes to institutional theory by showing how different logics of conformance and legitimacy affect technological integration and firm outcomes in varied political and economic environments. One side of the logic and legitimacy is conformance to the military imperatives, and the other side is conformance to the market imperatives. Policymakers and firms can leverage these insights to craft context-specific strategies for navigating the complexities of civil-military alliances.

本研究考察了军民技术接近性披露（PD）契合度及其对民用企业绩效的影响，并以中国和美国为比较重点。鉴于军民联系在全球日益突出，本研究解决了技术接近（获得军事技术）和技术披露（对外部利益相关者的透明度）在影响企业成果方面的战略紧张关系。利用来自82个国家2651家民间企业的数据，分析揭示了中美企业之间的独特模式。中国企业具有高接近性和低披露性的特点，在保持军事技术接近性并增加军事技术的披露时，表现出优异的绩效。相反，当美国公司在保持高披露水平的同时加强对军事技术的接近时，它们的表现会更好。这些发现表明，国家背景在很大程度上影响了企业绩效的最佳PD匹配，挑战了单一通用模型中军民合作的通用方法。该研究通过展示不同的一致性和合法性逻辑如何影响不同政治和经济环境下的技术整合和企业成果，为制度理论做出了贡献。逻辑和合法性的一方面是符合军事要求，另一方面是符合市场要求。决策者和企业可以利用这些见解来制定针对具体情况的战略，以应对复杂的军民联盟。

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引用次数: 0

Grassroots digital humanitarianism and regenerative synergy in the 2023 Türkiye earthquake 2023年日本地震中的基层数字人道主义和再生协同

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103174

Deniz Tuncalp , Dilek Cetindamar

Large-scale disasters often reveal a structural disconnect between formal state agencies and agile grassroots humanitarian organizations. This study investigates how digital platforms can bridge this institutional gap. Employing a qualitative case study of the grassroots organization Ahbap during the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes, we thematically analyze 1577 X posts. Findings demonstrate that Ahbap leveraged social media not only for resource mobilization and community engagement but also for performing radical transparency and engaging in strategic coordination with formal state actors. Based on these findings, the study develops the "regenerative synergy" framework, which illustrates how digital platforms can facilitate a hybrid governance model that links the agility of grassroots actors with the scale of formal institutions. This study makes concrete theoretical contributions to disaster management literature and provides actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners on integrating grassroots digital practices into formal response strategies.

大规模的灾难往往暴露出正式的国家机构和敏捷的基层人道主义组织之间的结构性脱节。本研究探讨了数字平台如何弥合这一制度差距。本文以2023年基耶地震期间基层组织Ahbap为定性案例，对1577x条帖子进行了主题分析。调查结果表明，Ahbap不仅利用社交媒体调动资源和社区参与，而且还实现了彻底的透明度，并与正式的国家行为体进行战略协调。基于这些发现，该研究开发了“再生协同”框架，该框架说明了数字平台如何促进将基层行动者的敏捷性与正式机构的规模联系起来的混合治理模式。本研究对灾害管理文献做出了具体的理论贡献，并为政策制定者和实践者提供了将基层数字实践纳入正式应对策略的可操作性见解。

引用次数: 0

Teaching methods for building human capital for the twin transition: a skill-based approach 为双重转型建立人力资本的教学方法：以技能为基础的方法

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103172

Adriana Hofmann Trevisan , Iskra Dukovska-Popovska , Federica Acerbi , Sergio Terzi , Claudio Sassanelli

The growing demand for qualified professionals for the twin green and digital transition exceeds the supply of candidates, highlighting the urgency of effective educational methods for qualifying individuals in a circular economy (CE). However, despite the CE field having made several advances in terms of academic research and practical applications, teaching the CE has not received proper attention. Recently, the skills required in a twin transition have been defined, along with a framework identifying which of these skills should be fostered in new educational initiatives. However, it is still not clear which teaching methods are most suitable to support education in CE. This study, based on a systematic literature review, identifies 11 teaching methods, such as case studies, project-based learning, and gamification, that develop technical, digital and resilience skills. Given the continuous evolution and interdisciplinarity of the CE, particularly when combined with digital technologies, the delivery of knowledge necessitates appropriate and flexible approaches. By providing theoretical and practical implications, the study guides educators and policymakers in creating curricula aligned with market demands, promoting interdisciplinary education for the twin transition.

绿色和数字化双重转型对合格专业人员的需求不断增长，超过了候选人的供应，这凸显了在循环经济（CE）中为合格个人提供有效教育方法的紧迫性。然而，尽管行政长官领域在学术研究和实际应用方面取得了一些进展，但行政长官教学却没有得到应有的重视。最近，对双重过渡所需的技能进行了定义，并确定了在新的教育活动中应培养哪些技能的框架。然而，目前仍不清楚哪种教学方法最适合支持CE教育。本研究在系统文献综述的基础上，确定了11种教学方法，如案例研究、基于项目的学习和游戏化，这些方法可以培养技术、数字和弹性技能。鉴于行政长官的不断发展和跨学科性，特别是在与数码科技相结合的情况下，知识的传递需要适当和灵活的方法。通过提供理论和实践意义，指导教育工作者和政策制定者制定符合市场需求的课程，促进跨学科教育的双重转型。

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引用次数: 0

Empirical analysis of the roles of dynamic sustainable capabilities and artificial intelligence in accelerating circular business model innovation: Insights from Chinese manufacturing firms 动态可持续能力和人工智能在加速循环商业模式创新中的作用的实证分析：来自中国制造企业的见解

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103176

Chen Renfei , Li Zhongwen

Despite increasing managerial focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) -enhanced environmental strategies, few studies have examined how dynamic sustainable capabilities (DSC) and AI-enabled circular business model innovation (CBMI) affect sustainability-oriented corporate performance (SOCP). Grounded in dynamic capabilities theory and dynamic managerial capabilities theory, this study develops a unified framework to investigate the mechanisms through which DSC fosters AI capabilities and CBMI, ultimately enhancing SOCP, while examining managerial cognition as a key moderator. This study empirically analyzes data from 289 questionnaires from 120 manufacturing companies through the PLS-SEM method. The findings reveal that DSC has a positive effect on AI capabilities, CBMI, and SOCP. AI capabilities and CBMI partially mediate the DSC-SOCP relationship. Managerial cognition positively contributes to the role of CBMI on SOCP, and AI capabilities have a positive effect on CBMI. This study advances the literature by elucidating the sequential pathways from DSC to AI-driven CBMI, highlighting micro-foundations for circular transitions. Moreover, this study extends managerial cognition to CBMI practices, revealing the synergies between managerial cognition and CBMI and its role in accelerating SOCP, contributing to clarifying the sources of performance differences in circular economy practices. This lays the foundation for future research agendas on AI integration in the circular economy.

尽管管理层越来越关注人工智能（AI）增强的环境战略，但很少有研究调查动态可持续能力（DSC）和人工智能支持的循环商业模式创新（CBMI）如何影响以可持续发展为导向的企业绩效（SOCP）。本研究以动态能力理论和动态管理能力理论为基础，构建了一个统一的框架来探讨DSC促进人工智能能力和CBMI的机制，并最终提高企业社会责任认知，同时考察管理认知是关键的调节因素。本研究采用PLS-SEM方法对120家制造企业的289份问卷数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明，DSC对人工智能能力、CBMI和SOCP有积极影响。AI能力和CBMI部分调解DSC-SOCP关系。管理认知正向促进CBMI对SOCP的作用，人工智能能力正向促进CBMI的作用。本研究通过阐明从DSC到人工智能驱动的CBMI的顺序途径来推进文献，强调了循环转变的微观基础。此外，本研究还将管理认知扩展到企业绩效绩效管理实践中，揭示了管理认知与企业绩效管理之间的协同效应及其对企业绩效管理的促进作用，有助于厘清循环经济实践中绩效差异的来源。这为人工智能与循环经济融合的未来研究议程奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Out of gratification or fears? A dual model to explore drivers of generative artificial intelligence adoption 出于满足还是恐惧？探索生成式人工智能采用驱动因素的双重模型

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103177

Chien-Hsiang Liao , Yu-Hui Fang , Chia-Ying Li

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a transformative force reshaping how individuals work, live, and interact with their environments. Despite its rapid diffusion, research has yet to clarify the psychological mechanisms driving individual-level GenAI adoption and resistance. This study addresses this critical gap by proposing a dual-path model grounded in Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) and an extended Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) framework. UGT explains the positive, need-fulfilling motivations for GenAI use, incorporating novel gratification constructs such as serendipity, perceived diagnosticity, tangibility, curiosity fulfillment, and enjoyment. In contrast, the enhanced PMT framework captures both traditional and extended pathways of perceived threats. By including fear of losing power (FLP) and fear of missing out (FoMO) as internal psychological mechanisms, this study offers a more comprehensive account of GenAI adoption and resistance. Trait competitiveness and AI self-efficacy are introduced as moderators, delineating how individual differences shape protective responses. Using data from a two-wave longitudinal survey of 1271 ChatGPT users, the findings reveal that UGT-related factors primarily drive adoption, while traditional and extended PMT factors explain resistance behaviors. Notably, FoMO functions as a dual-pathway factor, facilitating adoption and mitigating resistance. Trait competitiveness and AI self-efficacy demonstrate partial moderating effects, underscoring the role of personal dispositions in shaping user behavior. This study contributes theoretically by integrating positive gratification and protective aversion into a unified model of GenAI use. Practically, it provides actionable insights for designing adaptive, user-centered AI systems that enhance engagement while reducing resistance.

生成式人工智能（GenAI）已经成为一股变革力量，重塑了个人的工作、生活以及与环境的互动方式。尽管基因ai传播迅速，但研究尚未阐明驱动个体水平基因ai采用和抵制的心理机制。本研究通过提出基于使用和满足理论（UGT）和扩展保护动机理论（PMT）框架的双路径模型来解决这一关键差距。UGT解释了GenAI使用的积极的、满足需求的动机，结合了新奇的满足结构，如意外发现、感知诊断、有形、好奇心满足和享受。相比之下，增强的PMT框架捕获了感知威胁的传统途径和扩展途径。通过将失去权力的恐惧（FLP）和错过的恐惧（FoMO）作为内部心理机制，本研究提供了一个更全面的基因采用和抵抗的解释。引入特质竞争力和人工智能自我效能作为调节因子，描述个体差异如何塑造保护反应。利用对1271名ChatGPT用户的两波纵向调查数据，研究结果表明，与ugt相关的因素主要推动了采用，而传统和扩展的PMT因素解释了抵制行为。值得注意的是，FoMO起到了促进采用和减轻抵制的双重作用。特质竞争力和人工智能自我效能表现出部分调节效应，强调了个人性格在塑造用户行为中的作用。本研究通过将积极满足和保护性厌恶整合到GenAI使用的统一模型中，在理论上做出了贡献。实际上，它为设计自适应的、以用户为中心的人工智能系统提供了可行的见解，这些系统可以增强用户粘性，同时减少阻力。

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引用次数: 0

Peeling back acceptance: An onion model of AI humanoid robot adoption in homes 剥离接受度：人工智能类人机器人在家庭中的应用的洋葱模型

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103173

Bingqin Han , Diyi Liu

As AI humanoid robots increasingly enter domestic spaces, understanding the multifaceted drivers of user acceptance becomes crucial. However, existing technology acceptance models often overlook the unique contextual and emotional demands of home settings, the spaces characterized by intimacy, informality, and privacy sensitivity. This study proposes a novel “onion model” of AI humanoid robot acceptance in home settings, structured across three layers: technical, psychological, and social. Drawing on data from 1373 individuals in China, results reveal that technical performance, particularly reliability (β = 0.355) and usability (β = 0.341), serves as the foundational layer of acceptance, while customization (β = 0.230) and cost–benefit evaluation (β = 0.325) significantly enhance user attachment and rational justification. Perceived intrusiveness strongly deters acceptance (β = −0.101), reflecting heightened privacy sensitivities in home environments. For social factor, peer influence was also found to play a significant role (β = 0.207), highlighting the importance of collective norms in shaping individual decisions. The findings contribute both a contextually grounded and theoretically novel framework for understanding AI adoption, offering actionable insights for developers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to advance human–AI integration in everyday life.

随着人工智能人形机器人越来越多地进入家庭空间，了解用户接受度的多方面驱动因素变得至关重要。然而，现有的技术接受模式往往忽视了家庭环境的独特背景和情感需求，以及以亲密、非正式和隐私敏感性为特征的空间。本研究提出了一种新的人工智能类人机器人在家庭环境中接受度的“洋葱模型”，该模型横跨三个层面：技术、心理和社会。基于1373个中国个体的数据，研究结果表明，技术性能，特别是可靠性（β = 0.355）和可用性（β = 0.341）是用户接受度的基础，而定制（β = 0.230）和成本效益评估（β = 0.325）显著增强了用户的依恋和理性论证。感知到的侵入性强烈阻碍了接受（β = - 0.101），反映了家庭环境中隐私敏感性的提高。对于社会因素，同伴影响也发挥了重要作用（β = 0.207），突出了集体规范在塑造个人决策中的重要性。这些发现为理解人工智能的采用提供了一个基于背景和理论上新颖的框架，为寻求在日常生活中推进人类与人工智能融合的开发人员、政策制定者和研究人员提供了可行的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Technology, institutions, and migration: A fusional governance framework for mitigating state fragility 技术、制度和迁移：减轻国家脆弱性的融合治理框架

IF 12.5 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103175

Hafiz Syed Mohsin Abbas

State fragility is a complex challenge that demands multi-actor governance strategies. The New Public Governance framework offers an innovative approach by integrating technology, institutional reforms, and diaspora engagement to mitigate state fragility while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals. Using empirical evidence from GMM, this study demonstrates that networked e-participation and institutional liberalization are pivotal in reducing fragility, with technology-driven public engagement and rule-of-law governance playing critical roles across all development levels. We also find that low-income countries benefit significantly from diaspora contributions, enhancing labor mobility, socioeconomic stability, and expert knowledge compared to upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income nations. However, lower-middle-income economies exhibit weaker responsiveness to technological and institutional innovations, limiting their ability to harness migration advantages. The study advocates for mutually beneficial foreign policies that discourage brain drain while fostering tech-business collaborations between developed and developing nations. Policymakers must prioritize digital innovation through AI adoption and blockchain for transparent participation, enhance digital platforms for freelancers, and develop skills in struggling economies. The policymakers should also channel remittance systems and reduce taxation in struggling economies to promote economic liberties. For institutional liberation, they should strengthen institutions by building social cohesion. Additionally, poverty and unemployment reductions should boost economic growth and mitigate fragility. Regarding the diaspora effect, countries should ease their migration and refugee policies, providing appropriate rights and opportunities for integration into society, contributing to state development. They should also ensure joint ventures and institutional resilience to maintain political and economic sovereignty in fragile states.

国家脆弱性是一个复杂的挑战，需要多方参与的治理战略。新公共治理框架通过整合技术、制度改革和侨民参与，提供了一种创新方法，以减轻国家脆弱性，同时与可持续发展目标保持一致。利用GMM的经验证据，本研究表明，网络化的电子参与和制度自由化对于降低脆弱性至关重要，技术驱动的公众参与和法治治理在所有发展水平上都发挥着关键作用。我们还发现，与中高收入和中低收入国家相比，低收入国家从移民贡献中获益显著，增强了劳动力流动性、社会经济稳定性和专业知识。然而，中低收入经济体对技术和制度创新的响应能力较弱，限制了它们利用移民优势的能力。该研究倡导互惠互利的外交政策，在促进发达国家和发展中国家之间的科技商业合作的同时，阻止人才流失。政策制定者必须优先考虑通过采用人工智能和区块链实现透明参与的数字创新，加强自由职业者的数字平台，并在陷入困境的经济体中培养技能。政策制定者还应该疏通汇款系统，减少陷入困境的经济体的税收，以促进经济自由。为了制度解放，他们应该通过建立社会凝聚力来加强制度。此外，减少贫困和失业应能促进经济增长，减轻脆弱性。关于侨民效应，各国应放宽其移民和难民政策，为融入社会提供适当的权利和机会，促进国家发展。它们还应确保合资企业和制度弹性，以维护脆弱国家的政治和经济主权。

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引用次数: 0