Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1177/10497315241284344
Hao Wen, Jiawen Cui, Husel Husile
Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the overall effects of self-regulation interventions for children living in poverty. Methods: The initial search identified 473 publications of randomized controlled trials, including 25 that met the inclusion criteria. We used a random effect meta-analysis with robust variance estimation to calculate the overall and subgroup effects. Meta-regression was used to examine the moderating effects of intervention approach, outcome category, measurement approach, and participant age. Results: A small to medium but significant overall impact was found ( g = 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.41]). Behavioral interventions had the greatest overall effect and greatest subgroup effects on behavioral outcomes and emotional outcomes. Age and measurement approach were found to have significant moderating effects. Conclusions: Behavioral interventions should be put more attention to during the self-regulation intervention on children living in poverty. In addition, inducing the intervention for children at younger ages might be more efficient.
{"title":"Self-Regulation Interventions for Children in Living Poverty in the United States: A Systematic Review","authors":"Hao Wen, Jiawen Cui, Husel Husile","doi":"10.1177/10497315241284344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241284344","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the overall effects of self-regulation interventions for children living in poverty. Methods: The initial search identified 473 publications of randomized controlled trials, including 25 that met the inclusion criteria. We used a random effect meta-analysis with robust variance estimation to calculate the overall and subgroup effects. Meta-regression was used to examine the moderating effects of intervention approach, outcome category, measurement approach, and participant age. Results: A small to medium but significant overall impact was found ( g = 0.35, 95% confidence interval = [0.29, 0.41]). Behavioral interventions had the greatest overall effect and greatest subgroup effects on behavioral outcomes and emotional outcomes. Age and measurement approach were found to have significant moderating effects. Conclusions: Behavioral interventions should be put more attention to during the self-regulation intervention on children living in poverty. In addition, inducing the intervention for children at younger ages might be more efficient.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1177/10497315241285886
Mark R. Hawes, Michael Park, Leopoldo J. Cabassa
Purpose: Over 50% of people with serious mental illness (SMI) smoke cigarettes. This study evaluated whether tobacco use impacted weight loss outcomes during a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention (PGLB) for people with SMI living in permanent supportive housing (PSH). Method: Data from an effectiveness trial of PGLB examined whether baseline tobacco use moderated the effectiveness of the intervention compared to usual care (UC) in helping participants lose weight. PGLB was conducted in three sites in two U.S. cities between 2015 and 2018. Results: 63% of participants were current cigarette smokers. Smoking did not moderate the effect of the intervention. However, baseline tobacco use predicted greater weight loss ( b = −4.1, p = .022) over the course of the trial, regardless of treatment group. Discussion: Tobacco use was a significant driver of weight loss for study participants. Findings have implications for offering tobacco cessation treatment during healthy lifestyle interventions for people with SMI.
{"title":"The Impact of Tobacco Use on Weight Loss During a Peer-Led Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for People With Serious Mental Illness Living in Permanent Supportive Housing","authors":"Mark R. Hawes, Michael Park, Leopoldo J. Cabassa","doi":"10.1177/10497315241285886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241285886","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Over 50% of people with serious mental illness (SMI) smoke cigarettes. This study evaluated whether tobacco use impacted weight loss outcomes during a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention (PGLB) for people with SMI living in permanent supportive housing (PSH). Method: Data from an effectiveness trial of PGLB examined whether baseline tobacco use moderated the effectiveness of the intervention compared to usual care (UC) in helping participants lose weight. PGLB was conducted in three sites in two U.S. cities between 2015 and 2018. Results: 63% of participants were current cigarette smokers. Smoking did not moderate the effect of the intervention. However, baseline tobacco use predicted greater weight loss ( b = −4.1, p = .022) over the course of the trial, regardless of treatment group. Discussion: Tobacco use was a significant driver of weight loss for study participants. Findings have implications for offering tobacco cessation treatment during healthy lifestyle interventions for people with SMI.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1177/10497315241265965
Eileen Gambrill
Unmentioned challenges to conducting valuable research in social work include the politicization of education and weakened educational standards at all levels. Discovery of what helps clients requires free speech and free inquiry, always a threat to those who prefer authoritarian approaches.
{"title":"Research Challenges: Unmentionables?","authors":"Eileen Gambrill","doi":"10.1177/10497315241265965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241265965","url":null,"abstract":"Unmentioned challenges to conducting valuable research in social work include the politicization of education and weakened educational standards at all levels. Discovery of what helps clients requires free speech and free inquiry, always a threat to those who prefer authoritarian approaches.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1177/10497315241280686
Brian E. Perron, Hui Luan, Bryan G. Victor, Oliver Hiltz-Perron, Joseph Ryan
Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in natural language tasks. However, their use in social work research is limited by confidentiality and security concerns when processing sensitive data. This study addresses these challenges by evaluating the performance of local LLMs (LocalLLMs) in classifying and extracting substance-related problems from unstructured child welfare investigation summaries. LocalLLMs allow researchers to analyze data on their own computers without transmitting information to external servers for processing. Methods: Four state-of-the-art LocalLLMs—Mistral-7b, Mixtral-8 × 7b, LLama3-8b, and Llama3-70b—were tested using zero-shot prompting on 2,956 manually coded summaries. Results: The LocalLLMs achieved exceptional results comparable to human experts in classification and extraction, demonstrating their potential to unlock valuable insights from confidential, unstructured child welfare data. Conclusions: This study highlights the feasibility of using LocalLLMs to efficiently analyze large amounts of textual data while addressing the confidentiality issues associated with proprietary LLMs.
{"title":"Moving Beyond ChatGPT: Local Large Language Models (LLMs) and the Secure Analysis of Confidential Unstructured Text Data in Social Work Research","authors":"Brian E. Perron, Hui Luan, Bryan G. Victor, Oliver Hiltz-Perron, Joseph Ryan","doi":"10.1177/10497315241280686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241280686","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in natural language tasks. However, their use in social work research is limited by confidentiality and security concerns when processing sensitive data. This study addresses these challenges by evaluating the performance of local LLMs (LocalLLMs) in classifying and extracting substance-related problems from unstructured child welfare investigation summaries. LocalLLMs allow researchers to analyze data on their own computers without transmitting information to external servers for processing. Methods: Four state-of-the-art LocalLLMs—Mistral-7b, Mixtral-8 × 7b, LLama3-8b, and Llama3-70b—were tested using zero-shot prompting on 2,956 manually coded summaries. Results: The LocalLLMs achieved exceptional results comparable to human experts in classification and extraction, demonstrating their potential to unlock valuable insights from confidential, unstructured child welfare data. Conclusions: This study highlights the feasibility of using LocalLLMs to efficiently analyze large amounts of textual data while addressing the confidentiality issues associated with proprietary LLMs.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1177/10497315241271405
Marilyn L. Flynn
{"title":"The Status of Social Work Research Infrastructure: A Commentary on an Analysis by Ronald Feldman","authors":"Marilyn L. Flynn","doi":"10.1177/10497315241271405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241271405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1177/10497315241283757
Fariz Eko Septiawan, Dearni Nurhasanah Sinaga
{"title":"Book Review: Research on Community-Centered Poverty-Alleviation Social Work by Wen, Jun and Wu, Yuefei","authors":"Fariz Eko Septiawan, Dearni Nurhasanah Sinaga","doi":"10.1177/10497315241283757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241283757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1177/10497315241283368
Bruce A. Thyer
Feldman's appraisal of the current status of social work research, using as its touchstone the 1991 Austin Report, is a frank and fair appraisal of how the discipline has come short of fulfilling its aspirations to become a more science-based profession. In many ways, Feldman has stood in the center of research developments within our field for the past 40 years or longer. He offers informed and thoughtful analyses of what we have accomplished and what is left undone. He asserts that part of the problem is the sluggish growth in the number of research doctorates being produced in our field. Obviously, without the production of highly trained social work researchers, the scholarly and science-based contributions to our field are limited. In this response, I contend that the burgeoning growth of the number of practice doctoral graduates, Doctor of Social Works (DSWs), may provide significant resources to augment the science of social work. In reality, the older generation of DSW graduates made highly important contributions to the science of social work, and the new generation stands poised to replicate this phenomenon.
{"title":"The DSW to the Rescue? A Response to Feldman","authors":"Bruce A. Thyer","doi":"10.1177/10497315241283368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241283368","url":null,"abstract":"Feldman's appraisal of the current status of social work research, using as its touchstone the 1991 Austin Report, is a frank and fair appraisal of how the discipline has come short of fulfilling its aspirations to become a more science-based profession. In many ways, Feldman has stood in the center of research developments within our field for the past 40 years or longer. He offers informed and thoughtful analyses of what we have accomplished and what is left undone. He asserts that part of the problem is the sluggish growth in the number of research doctorates being produced in our field. Obviously, without the production of highly trained social work researchers, the scholarly and science-based contributions to our field are limited. In this response, I contend that the burgeoning growth of the number of practice doctoral graduates, Doctor of Social Works (DSWs), may provide significant resources to augment the science of social work. In reality, the older generation of DSW graduates made highly important contributions to the science of social work, and the new generation stands poised to replicate this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/10497315241280547
Anam Khan, Michael Ungar
Purpose: This study explores the experiences of youth receiving Child Welfare Services (CWS) in Nova Scotia, Canada and their preferred relationships with different service providers and how these relationships may promote or hinder their resilience at different levels of risk exposure. Method: Qualitative interviews with 23 youth (aged 14–19) were analyzed using grounded theory. Results: The analysis revealed two core categories, relationship building and mentoring relationship as well as supporting themes that were modelled into a theoretical understanding of three distinct relationship patterns (parent-like, peer-like, and professional) that youth seek from their service providers. Findings discuss the category relationship building, comprising of two themes—youth mobility and multiple service providers; followed by a discussion on the three mentoring relationships. Conclusion: Implications address how salient features from these patterns of youth–worker relationships can be effectively integrated into service delivery.
{"title":"Youth Receiving Child Welfare Services and their Preferred Relationships With Their Service Providers","authors":"Anam Khan, Michael Ungar","doi":"10.1177/10497315241280547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241280547","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study explores the experiences of youth receiving Child Welfare Services (CWS) in Nova Scotia, Canada and their preferred relationships with different service providers and how these relationships may promote or hinder their resilience at different levels of risk exposure. Method: Qualitative interviews with 23 youth (aged 14–19) were analyzed using grounded theory. Results: The analysis revealed two core categories, relationship building and mentoring relationship as well as supporting themes that were modelled into a theoretical understanding of three distinct relationship patterns (parent-like, peer-like, and professional) that youth seek from their service providers. Findings discuss the category relationship building, comprising of two themes—youth mobility and multiple service providers; followed by a discussion on the three mentoring relationships. Conclusion: Implications address how salient features from these patterns of youth–worker relationships can be effectively integrated into service delivery.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1177/10497315241271983
Douglas C. Smith, Ebonie M. Epinger, Shahana Begum, Rachel C. Garthe, Allison Carrington, Lisa Jacobs
Purpose: This study delves into the effects of labels, specifically crime-first language, on public attitudes toward adolescent girls within the juvenile legal system. Examining fictional vignettes depicting family conflict, the research explores whether the use of language influences the endorsement of punitive responses and if this effect varies across racial and ethnic lines. Method: A large online, statewide sample of adults ( n = 1,791) was randomized to one of six vignettes. Results: Findings reveal that crime-first language, “accused of domestic battery,” is significantly associated with more punitive attitudes. We found no interaction effects between race and label. Although effect sizes were small, the study emphasizes the need to reconsider language choices to avoid perpetuating negative stereotypes and stigmatization. Discussion: Identifying and disseminating person-first language may be an important form of social work practice that can enhance current efforts on the Social Work Grand Challenge of promoting smart decarceration.
{"title":"Crime-First Labels and Public Attitudes Toward Adolescent Girls in the Juvenile Legal System","authors":"Douglas C. Smith, Ebonie M. Epinger, Shahana Begum, Rachel C. Garthe, Allison Carrington, Lisa Jacobs","doi":"10.1177/10497315241271983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241271983","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study delves into the effects of labels, specifically crime-first language, on public attitudes toward adolescent girls within the juvenile legal system. Examining fictional vignettes depicting family conflict, the research explores whether the use of language influences the endorsement of punitive responses and if this effect varies across racial and ethnic lines. Method: A large online, statewide sample of adults ( n = 1,791) was randomized to one of six vignettes. Results: Findings reveal that crime-first language, “accused of domestic battery,” is significantly associated with more punitive attitudes. We found no interaction effects between race and label. Although effect sizes were small, the study emphasizes the need to reconsider language choices to avoid perpetuating negative stereotypes and stigmatization. Discussion: Identifying and disseminating person-first language may be an important form of social work practice that can enhance current efforts on the Social Work Grand Challenge of promoting smart decarceration.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/10497315241266830
Lynn Videka
The paper replies to three issues that Fedlman raises in his assessment research since the 1991 National Institute of Mental Health Social Work Task Force Report. Three topics are addressed, the need to expand and better prepare the social work research workforce, the profession's current research infrastructure, and improving research- to-practice research translation. Ideas for workforce growth include attracting more students with articulation of social work's social justice and research missions, increasing doctoral education rigor, and peer review of doctoral education programs as a tool for program improvement. The Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education has contributed to research education progress with its program standards, but not all programs meet these standards. Research to practice can be aided by the creation of AI-based tools. The profession needs better data on research productivity and infrastructure in research-intensive schools in order to raise needed resources for research.
本文回答了 Fedlman 自 1991 年国家心理健康研究所社会工作特别工作组报告以来在其评估研究中提出的三个问题。本文讨论了三个主题，即需要扩大和更好地培养社会研究人才队伍、该专业目前的研究基础设施以及改善从研究到实践的研究转化。关于劳动力增长的想法包括：吸引更多的学生，明确社会工作的社会正义和研究使命，提高博士教育的严谨性，以及将博士教育项目的同行评审作为改进项目的工具。博士教育促进会（Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education）的项目标准促进了研究教育的发展，但并非所有项目都符合这些标准。创建基于人工智能的工具有助于从研究到实践的转变。该行业需要有关研究密集型学校的研究生产率和基础设施的更好数据，以便为研究工作筹集所需的资源。
{"title":"Moving Forward: Reply to Feldman","authors":"Lynn Videka","doi":"10.1177/10497315241266830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241266830","url":null,"abstract":"The paper replies to three issues that Fedlman raises in his assessment research since the 1991 National Institute of Mental Health Social Work Task Force Report. Three topics are addressed, the need to expand and better prepare the social work research workforce, the profession's current research infrastructure, and improving research- to-practice research translation. Ideas for workforce growth include attracting more students with articulation of social work's social justice and research missions, increasing doctoral education rigor, and peer review of doctoral education programs as a tool for program improvement. The Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education has contributed to research education progress with its program standards, but not all programs meet these standards. Research to practice can be aided by the creation of AI-based tools. The profession needs better data on research productivity and infrastructure in research-intensive schools in order to raise needed resources for research.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"345 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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