Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.06.002
Smita Roy Trivedi, Saibal Ghosh
Transparent and consistent communication is integral for effective central bank policymaking. The challenge is more acute in emerging markets where the spectrum of audience is wide and significantly heterogenous, each with their own information needs. To cater to this diverse spectrum, several central banks publish the records on Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decision, detailing the minutes and voting by members. Whether such voting pattern by the members is consistent with their sentiments as embedded in the minutes of meetings remains an open question. To address this issue, we utilise data from Indian MPC, compute a sentiment index across member-meetings, and correlate it with their voting behaviour, after controlling for other confounding factors. Unlike prior studies, our analysis onboards a neutral sentiment, in addition to hawkishness and dovishness. The findings reveal that sentiments expressed by members in the MPC meetings is not always reflected in their voting behaviour, creating a chasm between deeds (voting) and words (sentiments). Robustness tests reinforce these findings, although there exist differential effects across internal versus external members. From a policy standpoint, the analysis suggests that MPCs need to ‘walk the talk' for effective inflation anchoring.
{"title":"Do deeds match words? India’s monetary policy needs to “walk the talk” for inflation anchoring","authors":"Smita Roy Trivedi, Saibal Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Transparent and consistent communication is integral for effective central bank policymaking. The challenge is more acute in emerging markets where the spectrum of audience is wide and significantly heterogenous, each with their own information needs. To cater to this diverse spectrum, several central banks publish the records on Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decision, detailing the minutes and voting by members. Whether such voting pattern by the members is consistent with their sentiments as embedded in the minutes of meetings remains an open question. To address this issue, we utilise data from Indian MPC, compute a sentiment index across member-meetings, and correlate it with their </span>voting behaviour<span>, after controlling for other confounding factors. Unlike prior studies, our analysis onboards a neutral sentiment, in addition to hawkishness and dovishness. The findings reveal that sentiments expressed by members in the MPC meetings is not always reflected in their voting behaviour, creating a chasm between deeds (voting) and words (sentiments). Robustness tests reinforce these findings, although there exist differential effects across internal versus external members. From a policy standpoint, the analysis suggests that MPCs need to ‘walk the talk' for effective inflation anchoring.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 662-680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.03.001
Friday Osemenshan Anetor
Most literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) establishes that FDI is beneficial to the welfare and growth of host countries. While this might largely be true, the question is, does all types of FDI produce similar benefits? As a result, this study examines the impact of greenfield FDI on poverty reduction and sustainable economic growth in 46 African countries between the periods 2003–2020 using the system generalized method of moments (System GMM), the fixed and random effect methods. The study found that greenfield FDI promotes poverty reduction in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries in Africa; however, its impact on sustainable economic growth is mostly insignificant. Based on these findings, this study provides some policy implication. These include the commitment of the government to the development of basic and productive infrastructures to attract greenfield investment in Africa. Policymakers should also design investment promotion policies, tools and processes such as corporate tax incentives, reduction of information asymmetries, and lower investment and administrative costs. This will make it easier for multinational firms to establish their businesses and expand their operations thereby improving the welfare of the citizenry.
{"title":"Do greenfield foreign direct investments contribute to poverty reduction and economic growth in Africa?","authors":"Friday Osemenshan Anetor","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) establishes that FDI is beneficial to the welfare and growth of host countries. While this might largely be true, the question is, does all types of FDI produce similar benefits? As a result, this study examines the impact of greenfield FDI on poverty reduction and sustainable economic growth in 46 African countries between the periods 2003–2020 using the system generalized method of moments (System GMM), the fixed and random effect methods. The study found that greenfield FDI promotes poverty reduction in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries in Africa; however, its impact on sustainable economic growth is mostly insignificant. Based on these findings, this study provides some policy implication. These include the commitment of the government to the development of basic and productive infrastructures to attract greenfield investment in Africa. Policymakers should also design investment promotion policies, tools and processes such as corporate tax incentives, reduction of information asymmetries, and lower investment and administrative costs. This will make it easier for multinational firms to establish their businesses and expand their operations thereby improving the welfare of the citizenry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 633-644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.05.010
Giuliana De Luca , Michela Ponzo
This paper explores whether and to which extent employment condition and working hours influence individuals’ decision process in consuming primary care. The hypothesis is that the higher the workers’ opportunity cost in terms of earning forgone, the less the demand for General Practitioner (GP) visits. Using survey data provided by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), we estimate a negative binomial regression model of GP visits as a function of employment related variables, controlling for a rich set of individual demographic characteristics, socio-economic variables, health status, supply and geographical factors. We show that self-employed workers, managers and cadres use significantly less primary care services notwithstanding the access is free. We conclude that they have higher opportunity costs than white and blue collars since they suffer more from the loss of earnings related to the absence from work. Self-employed individuals often face barriers to accessing healthcare services, such as lack of employer-sponsored health insurance and concerns about lost income during time off for medical appointments. As a result, they may delay seeking healthcare until their condition becomes more severe, leading to poorer health outcomes. Managers and cadres, on the other hand, may have greater access to healthcare services due to higher income levels and better job benefits. However, they may still face challenges such as long working hours and job-related stress, which can impact their ability to prioritize their health and seek timely medical care.
From a policy perspective, our results suggest potential policy interventions aimed at addressing barriers to healthcare access for self-employed workers and promoting equitable healthcare utilization across different employment groups. Policy recommendations may include measures to enhance financial support (tax deductions for medical expenses, subsidies for health insurance premiums, or grants to cover the costs of healthcare-related absences from work), increase healthcare accessibility (enhancing the availability of mobile clinics, and extending operating hours for primary care facilities to accommodate the needs of working individuals) and raise awareness about preventive care among self-employed workers (workplace wellness programs, and incentives for regular health check-ups, screenings and healthy lifestyle choices, can encourage managers and self-employed workers to prioritize preventive measures). These policy implications are essential for ensuring equitable and universal access to healthcare services for all workers, regardless of their employment status.
{"title":"Occupation and demand for health services in Italy: Ways and means to reduce the opportunity costs imposed on patients","authors":"Giuliana De Luca , Michela Ponzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>This paper explores whether and to which extent employment condition and working hours influence individuals’ decision process in consuming primary care. The hypothesis is that the higher the workers’ opportunity cost in terms of earning forgone, the less the demand for General Practitioner (GP) visits. Using survey data provided by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), we estimate a negative binomial regression model of GP visits as a function of employment related variables, controlling for a rich set of individual demographic characteristics, socio-economic variables, health status<span>, supply and geographical factors. We show that self-employed workers, managers and cadres use significantly less primary care services notwithstanding the access is free. We conclude that they have higher opportunity costs than white and blue collars since they suffer more from the loss of earnings related to the </span></span>absence<span><span> from work. Self-employed individuals often face barriers to accessing healthcare services, such as lack of employer-sponsored </span>health insurance and concerns about lost income during time off for medical appointments. As a result, they may delay seeking healthcare until their condition becomes more severe, leading to poorer health outcomes. Managers and cadres, on the other hand, may have greater access to healthcare services due to higher income levels and better job benefits. However, they may still face challenges such as long working hours and job-related stress, which can impact their ability to prioritize their health and seek timely medical care.</span></div><div>From a policy perspective, our results suggest potential policy interventions aimed at addressing barriers to healthcare access for self-employed workers and promoting equitable healthcare utilization across different employment groups. Policy recommendations may include measures to enhance <em>financial support</em><span> (tax deductions for medical expenses, subsidies for health insurance premiums, or grants to cover the costs of healthcare-related absences from work), increase </span><em>healthcare accessibility</em> (enhancing the availability of mobile clinics, and extending operating hours for primary care facilities to accommodate the needs of working individuals) and raise awareness about <em>preventive care</em><span> among self-employed workers (workplace wellness programs, and incentives for regular health check-ups, screenings and healthy lifestyle choices, can encourage managers and self-employed workers to prioritize preventive measures). These policy implications are essential for ensuring equitable and universal access to healthcare services for all workers, regardless of their employment status.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 645-661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.01.007
Erez Yerushalmi , Sani Ziv
This paper examines the interplay between public and private healthcare in a system that internalizes non-marketed social value. We provide new estimates of the healthcare social value and highlight the importance of integrating it into national accounts for effective macroeconomic policy analysis. Traditional metrics often undervalue healthcare by neglecting these externalities, leading to a suboptimal allocation of healthcare services from a societal perspective. While both public and private healthcare generate social value, determining the optimal public-private mix is challenging because they do not necessarily produce the same type of value, and an unregulated mixed system can impose negative fiscal externalities on public provision. To address these issues, we develop a general equilibrium model with dual public-private healthcare services, calibrate the non-marketed social value, and simulate two market liberalization scenarios with optimal Pigouvian tax policies. A key finding with significant policy implications is that healthcare social value accounts for at least 28 % of public healthcare expenditure, or more.
{"title":"Internalizing social value in healthcare: Optimal policy in mixed public-private systems","authors":"Erez Yerushalmi , Sani Ziv","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the interplay between public and private healthcare in a system that internalizes non-marketed social value. We provide new estimates of the healthcare social value and highlight the importance of integrating it into national accounts for effective macroeconomic policy analysis. Traditional metrics often undervalue healthcare by neglecting these externalities, leading to a suboptimal allocation of healthcare services from a societal perspective. While both public and private healthcare generate social value, determining the optimal public-private mix is challenging because they do not necessarily produce the same type of value, and an unregulated mixed system can impose negative fiscal externalities on public provision. To address these issues, we develop a general equilibrium model with dual public-private healthcare services, calibrate the non-marketed social value, and simulate two market liberalization scenarios with optimal Pigouvian tax policies. A key finding with significant policy implications is that healthcare social value accounts for at least 28 % of public healthcare expenditure, or more.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 512-536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.08.001
Shaoying Wu, Yew Joe Ho
The nexus between economic growth and digitalization is increasingly intertwined. Challenges related to data availability and continuity have posed significant impediments to the development of viable measurements, such as the digital economy index and digital adoption index, for tracking the level of digitalization in emerging markets like the ASEAN-6. This paper introduces a proxy digital economy index that is both concise and adaptable to mitigate the current shortcomings. Employing a hierarchical equal-weighted method with China as the benchmark, a short series of the Digital Consumer Index was computed from 2017 to 2022. The findings of the paper suggests that ASEAN-6 nations must collectively intensify their efforts to bolster digital transformation. The proposed index establishes a foundational framework for future advancements. It facilitates a more immediate assessment of the digital economy's trajectory within ASEAN countries, allowing policymakers to make informed decisions while concurrently setting the stage for more comprehensive digital economy accounting practices in the future.
{"title":"Digital Consumption Index for ASEAN-6: A proxy developed with China as benchmark","authors":"Shaoying Wu, Yew Joe Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nexus between economic growth and digitalization is increasingly intertwined. Challenges related to data availability and continuity have posed significant impediments to the development of viable measurements, such as the digital economy index and digital adoption index, for tracking the level of digitalization in emerging markets like the ASEAN-6. This paper introduces a proxy digital economy index that is both concise and adaptable to mitigate the current shortcomings. Employing a hierarchical equal-weighted method with China as the benchmark, a short series of the Digital Consumer Index was computed from 2017 to 2022. The findings of the paper suggests that ASEAN-6 nations must collectively intensify their efforts to bolster digital transformation. The proposed index establishes a foundational framework for future advancements. It facilitates a more immediate assessment of the digital economy's trajectory within ASEAN countries, allowing policymakers to make informed decisions while concurrently setting the stage for more comprehensive digital economy accounting practices in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 551-568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.11.001
Gustavo Canavire-Bacarreza , Alejandro Puerta-Cuartas , Javier Beverinotti
A decline in poverty at the national level can mask regional disparities related to heterogeneous levels of efficiency among states that may limit the effectiveness of poverty reduction programs. To address this, we propose an empirical framework to unveil regional differences in poverty reduction and their drivers. Our method identifies the potential for poverty reduction and the factors crucial for designing place-based public policies. Applying this method to Bolivia for the period 2000–2021, we find that inefficiency in poverty reduction is largely persistent in specific states, underscoring the need for long-term strategies, especially those targeting informality and unemployment.
{"title":"Efficiency in poverty reduction in Bolivia","authors":"Gustavo Canavire-Bacarreza , Alejandro Puerta-Cuartas , Javier Beverinotti","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A decline in poverty at the national level can mask regional disparities related to heterogeneous levels of efficiency among states that may limit the effectiveness of poverty reduction programs. To address this, we propose an empirical framework to unveil regional differences in poverty reduction and their drivers. Our method identifies the potential for poverty reduction and the factors crucial for designing place-based public policies. Applying this method to Bolivia for the period 2000–2021, we find that inefficiency in poverty reduction is largely persistent in specific states, underscoring the need for long-term strategies, especially those targeting informality and unemployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 569-587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.01.008
Sugata Marjit , Gouranga G. Das , Mausumi Kar
We propose a model of “trade” between high-income and low-income groups where the rich, fearing the spread of infection hires the poor for exposure-intensive outdoor activities as workers in the household industry. The greater the inequality, with social distancing and herd-immunity during Covid-19 pandemic, the more would be such inter-personal exchanges increasing demand for top-skilled and gig activities. The general equilibrium model and econometric estimation support this view offering policymakers insights to assess the impact of such gainful exchanges for improving wage inequality in the developing nations where informal sectors cushioned the income-inequality effects unlike the developed countries without informalization.
{"title":"Immunity-driven comparative advantage and its palliative effect on social health and inequality","authors":"Sugata Marjit , Gouranga G. Das , Mausumi Kar","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a model of “trade” between high-income and low-income groups where the rich, fearing the spread of infection hires the poor for exposure-intensive outdoor activities as workers in the household industry. The greater the inequality, with social distancing and herd-immunity during Covid-19 pandemic, the more would be such inter-personal exchanges increasing demand for top-skilled and gig activities. The general equilibrium model and econometric estimation support this view offering policymakers insights to assess the impact of such gainful exchanges for improving wage inequality in the developing nations where informal sectors cushioned the income-inequality effects unlike the developed countries without informalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 607-632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.02.001
Knut L. Seip , Dan Zhang
The study compares the recessions in 2008 and the recession in 2020 using the Taylor rule, Okun’s law and the Phillips curve. We propose measures to forecast recessions and guide policy responses to mitigate their impact: i) Sharp “spikes” in the 21-month moving average of Okun’s law and Phillips curve variables indicate that shifts in their lead-lag relations could serve as early warning signals for impending recessions; ii) A more balanced increase in monetary supply could potentially shorten recession durations without accelerating inflation during the post-recession recovery; iii) deviations from the Taylor rule did not worsen the economy.
{"title":"A tale of the two recessions 2008 and 2020: What do the Taylor rule, the Phillips curve and Okun's law tell?","authors":"Knut L. Seip , Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study compares the recessions in 2008 and the recession in 2020 using the Taylor rule, Okun’s law and the Phillips curve. We propose measures to forecast recessions and guide policy responses to mitigate their impact: i) Sharp “spikes” in the 21-month moving average of Okun’s law and Phillips curve variables indicate that shifts in their lead-lag relations could serve as early warning signals for impending recessions; ii) A more balanced increase in monetary supply could potentially shorten recession durations without accelerating inflation during the post-recession recovery; iii) deviations from the Taylor rule did not worsen the economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 681-701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.06.005
Made Adi Widyatmika, Nomesh B. Bolia
The responsibility of the garbage collector officer towards the environment largely determines the reliability of the waste management system. The study develops a policy framework for a waste management system using an SEM approach to the environmental responsibility of a garbage collector officer. From a case study in Indonesia, a survey of 246 formal waste collectors in Denpasar’s waste management system assessed their opinion of the internal service quality. The analysis determines the impact of internal service quality elements on job satisfaction and environmental responsibility. Model-fit statistics confirm the validity and reliability of the model and indicate that tangibility, reliability, assurance, and empathy positively affect job satisfaction. Meanwhile, management responsiveness does not have a statistically significant effect. The study suggests that waste management should acknowledge the indirect influence of internal service quality on the environmental responsibility of waste collectors through job satisfaction factors.
垃圾收集员对环境的责任在很大程度上决定了垃圾管理系统的可靠性。本研究采用 SEM 方法，针对垃圾收集员的环境责任，制定了垃圾管理系统的政策框架。通过对印度尼西亚登巴萨（Denpasar）垃圾管理系统中 246 名正式垃圾收集员的案例研究，调查评估了他们对内部服务质量的看法。分析确定了内部服务质量要素对工作满意度和环境责任感的影响。模型拟合统计证实了模型的有效性和可靠性，并表明有形性、可靠性、保证性和同理心会对工作满意度产生积极影响。同时，管理响应性在统计上没有显著影响。研究表明，废物管理部门应认识到内部服务质量通过工作满意度因素对废物收集者环境责任的间接影响。
{"title":"Improving waste collectors' environmental responsibilities in Indonesia: A policy framework","authors":"Made Adi Widyatmika, Nomesh B. Bolia","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The responsibility of the garbage collector officer towards the environment largely determines the reliability of the waste management<span> system. The study develops a policy framework for a waste management system using an SEM approach to the environmental responsibility of a garbage collector officer. From a case study in Indonesia, a survey of 246 formal waste collectors in Denpasar’s waste management system assessed their opinion of the internal service quality. The analysis determines the impact of internal service quality elements on job satisfaction and environmental responsibility. Model-fit statistics confirm the validity and reliability of the model and indicate that tangibility, reliability, assurance, and empathy positively affect job satisfaction. Meanwhile, management responsiveness does not have a statistically significant effect. The study suggests that waste management should acknowledge the indirect influence of internal service quality on the environmental responsibility of waste collectors through job satisfaction factors.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 3","pages":"Pages 537-550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.10.001
Maite Blázquez Cuesta, Marco A. Pérez Navarro, Rocío Sánchez-Mangas
This paper analyzes a relevant issue for education and labor policymakers, overeducation in the early careers of university graduates. Using Spanish data, we investigate the role played by the business cycle and field of study and their interaction in shaping both the incidence and persistence of overeducation. We also analyze the relevance of specific types of knowledge and skills as driving factors in reducing overeducation risk. Our data come from the Survey on the Labor Insertion of University Graduates (EILU) conducted by the Spanish National Statistics Institute in 2014 and 2019. The survey collects rich information on cohorts that graduated in 2019 and 2014, during the Great Recession and the subsequent economic recovery, respectively. Our results show, first, the relevance of the economic scenario when graduates enter the labor market. Graduation during a recession increases overeducation risk and persistence. Second, a clear heterogeneous pattern is observed across fields of study, with health sciences graduates displaying better performance in terms of both overeducation incidence and persistence and less impact of the business cycle. Third, we find evidence that some transversal skills can help to reduce overeducation risk in the absence of specific knowledge required for the job, thus indicating some kind of compensatory role. Our findings have important policy implications. Overeducation, and more importantly overeducation persistence, imply a non-neglectable misallocation of resources, with serious consequences not only for the affected individuals but for the society as a whole. Therefore, policymakers need to address this issue in the design of education and labor market policies, seeking to ensure that the competencies acquired at university provide graduates with a better fit in the labor market.
{"title":"Overeducation under different macroeconomic conditions: How Spanish university graduates fit in the labor market?","authors":"Maite Blázquez Cuesta, Marco A. Pérez Navarro, Rocío Sánchez-Mangas","doi":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes a relevant issue for education and labor policymakers, overeducation in the early careers of university graduates. Using Spanish data, we investigate the role played by the business cycle and field of study and their interaction in shaping both the incidence and persistence of overeducation. We also analyze the relevance of specific types of knowledge and skills as driving factors in reducing overeducation risk. Our data come from the Survey on the Labor Insertion of University Graduates (EILU) conducted by the Spanish National Statistics Institute in 2014 and 2019. The survey collects rich information on cohorts that graduated in 2019 and 2014, during the Great Recession and the subsequent economic recovery, respectively. Our results show, first, the relevance of the economic scenario when graduates enter the labor market. Graduation during a recession increases overeducation risk and persistence. Second, a clear heterogeneous pattern is observed across fields of study, with health sciences graduates displaying better performance in terms of both overeducation incidence and persistence and less impact of the business cycle. Third, we find evidence that some transversal skills can help to reduce overeducation risk in the absence of specific knowledge required for the job, thus indicating some kind of compensatory role. Our findings have important policy implications. Overeducation, and more importantly overeducation persistence, imply a non-neglectable misallocation of resources, with serious consequences not only for the affected individuals but for the society as a whole. Therefore, policymakers need to address this issue in the design of education and labor market policies, seeking to ensure that the competencies acquired at university provide graduates with a better fit in the labor market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","volume":"47 2","pages":"Pages 448-470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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