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A Better Account of Constitutional Contractarianism Implies a Cooperative Form of Governance of the Sharing Economy: Critical Assessment of Hielscher, Everding, and Pies’ (2022) “Ordo-responsibility in the Sharing Economy: A Social Contracts Perspective” 对宪法契约论的更好解释意味着共享经济的合作治理形式:对 Hielscher、Everding 和 Pies(2022 年)的 "共享经济中的责任 "的批判性评估:社会契约视角"
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2024.8
Pietro Ghirlanda, Lorenzo Sacconi

This commentary aims to discuss the article “Ordo-responsibility in the Sharing Economy: A Social Contracts Perspective” from a sympathetic viewpoint toward its implementation of a constitutional contractarian approach to business ethics and due consideration of digital platforms as institutions resulting from a social contract. Nevertheless, the commentary also wants to criticize the article’s interpretation of constitutional contractarian theory and institutional reconstruction of the phenomenon, and thus even the governance structure it is proposed for sharing platforms. The commentary presents another understanding of constitutional contractarianism, referring to both the ex ante agreement and the ex post compliance problem. Moreover, it reframes the history of the evolutionary process of institutions’ selection within the domain of the sharing economy consistently with the idea that the Internet should be framed as a common pool resource. In this way, the commentary suggests an alternative governance structure for sharing platforms, that is, platform cooperatives.

本评论旨在讨论文章 "共享经济中的社会责任:社会契约的视角 "一文,从同情的角度出发,对其在商业伦理中实施宪法契约论的方法,以及将数字平台作为社会契约产生的机构进行应有的考虑。然而,评论也希望对该文对宪政契约理论的阐释和对这一现象的制度重构,乃至对其所提出的共享平台治理结构提出批评。评论提出了对宪法契约论的另一种理解,既提到了事前协议,也提到了事后遵守问题。此外,评注还重构了共享经济领域内制度选择的演进历史,认为互联网应被视为一种公共资源。通过这种方式,评论为共享平台提出了另一种治理结构,即平台合作社。
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引用次数: 0
Corporate Responsibility and Repair for Anti-Black Racism 企业责任与反黑人种族主义的修复
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2024.9
Tabitha Celeste Mustafa
In an era when the public and shareholders increasingly demand greater accountability from institutions for racial injustice and slavery, scholarship on corporate reparations is more and more essential. This article argues that corporations have played a significant role in the cultural dehumanization of Blackness and therefore have a particular responsibility to make repair. Cultural dehumanization refers to embedding anti-Blackness into US culture in service of capitalist profit accumulation, which has resulted in status and material inequalities between Blacks and whites that have persisted from slavery to the present. More specifically, the article argues corporations have a moral duty to offer reparations to Black Americans regardless of any redress offered by other perpetrators of anti-Blackness. It appeals to tort law in providing a moral justification for corporate reparations to Black Americans.
在公众和股东越来越多地要求机构对种族不公和奴隶制承担更大责任的时代,有关企业赔偿的学术研究越来越重要。本文认为,企业在黑人文化非人化方面扮演了重要角色,因此负有特殊的修复责任。文化非人化指的是将反黑人嵌入美国文化,以服务于资本主义的利润积累,这导致了黑人与白人之间的地位和物质不平等,这种不平等从奴隶制持续至今。更具体地说,文章认为,无论其他反黑人的肇事者是否提供任何补偿,企业都有道德责任向美国黑人提供赔偿。文章援引侵权法,为企业向美国黑人提供赔偿提供了道德依据。
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引用次数: 0
The Free-Riding Issue in Contemporary Organizations: Lessons from the Common Good Perspective 当代组织中的免费搭车问题:从共同利益视角汲取的经验教训
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2024.3
Sandrine Frémeaux, Guillaume Mercier, Anouk Grevin

Free riding involves benefiting from common resources or services while avoiding contributing to their production and maintenance. Few studies have adequately investigated the propensity to overestimate the prevalence of free riding. This is a significant omission, as exaggeration of the phenomenon is often used to justify control and coercion systems. To address this gap, we investigate how the common good approach may mitigate the flaws of a system excessively focused on free-riding risk. In this conceptual paper featuring illustrative vignettes, we argue that the common good perspective is realistic and effective in preventing this excessive attention by promoting trust as an unconditional gift and a response to vulnerability. We discuss the common good perspective’s originality over the dominant approaches and propose a set of ethical and managerial recommendations that may be the best protection against this excessive focus and maybe even against free riding itself.

免费搭车是指从公共资源或服务中获益,同时避免为其生产和维护做出贡献。很少有研究对高估 "搭便车 "现象普遍性的倾向进行充分调查。这是一个重大疏漏,因为夸大这一现象往往被用来为控制和强制制度辩护。为了弥补这一不足,我们研究了共同利益方法如何减轻过度关注搭便车风险的制度缺陷。在这篇概念性论文中,我们通过一些说明性的小故事,论证了共同利益视角在防止这种过度关注方面的现实性和有效性,它将信任作为一种无条件的馈赠和对脆弱性的回应。我们讨论了共同利益视角相对于主流方法的独创性,并提出了一系列道德和管理建议,这些建议可能是防止这种过度关注的最佳保护措施,甚至可能是防止搭便车本身的最佳保护措施。
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引用次数: 0
Business without Management: MacIntyrean Accounting, Management, and Practice-Led Business 没有管理的商业:麦金塔主义会计、管理与实践导向型企业
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2024.4
Andrew West

Alasdair MacIntyre’s critique of managerial capitalism is well known, with some arguing that MacIntyrean thought is antithetical to contemporary capitalist business. Nevertheless, substantial efforts have been taken to demonstrate how different business activities constitute MacIntyrean practices, which points to an incoherence at the heart of MacIntyrean business ethics scholarship. This article proposes a way of bridging these perspectives, suggesting a reimagined MacIntyrean approach to business that is thoroughly ‘practice-led.’ A detailed comparison of accounting and management shows that while neither are practices in ‘good order,’ they differ in significant ways: where management does not meet the criteria for a MacIntyrean practice, accounting is a ‘distorted’ practice. This leads to a categorisation of practice-led business activity, whereby the traditional tasks of management are subsumed, shared or subordinated to practices and practitioners. Insights on how this can be implemented are drawn from the ‘communities of practice’ literature and a consideration of professions.

阿拉斯戴尔-麦金太尔对管理资本主义的批判是众所周知的,有人认为麦金太尔思想与当代资本主义商业是对立的。然而,人们已经做出了大量努力来证明不同的商业活动是如何构成麦金太尔实践的,这表明麦金太尔商业伦理学术研究的核心是不一致的。本文提出了一种弥合这些观点的方法,建议重新构想一种彻底 "以实践为主导 "的麦金泰尔商业方法。对会计和管理的详细比较表明,虽然两者都不属于 "良好秩序 "的实践,但它们之间存在着重大差异:管理不符合麦金泰尔实践的标准,而会计则是一种 "扭曲的 "实践。这导致了以实践为主导的商业活动分类,即传统的管理任务被归入、共享或从属于实践和实践者。我们从 "实践社群 "文献和对专业的思考中汲取了关于如何实现这一点的见解。
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引用次数: 0
It’s a Three-Ring Circus: How Morally Educative Practices Are Undermined by Institutions 这是一个三环马戏团:德育实践如何被机构破坏
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2024.1
Ron Beadle, Matthew Sinnicks

Since the publication of Alasdair MacIntyre’s After Virtue in 1981, tensions inherent to the relationship between morally educative practices and the institutions that house them have been widely noted. We propose a taxonomy of the ways in which the pursuit of external goods by institutions undermines the pursuit of the internal goods of practices. These comprise substitution, where the institution replaces the pursuit of one type of good by another; frustration, where opportunities for practitioners to discover goods or develop new standards of excellence are frustrated by institutional priorities and resource allocation; and injustice, which undermines the integrity of relationships within the organization and/or with partners. These threats, though analytically distinct, are often mutually reinforcing. This conceptual contribution is illustrated both by the extant literature and by a novel context, the three-ring circus.

自阿拉斯戴尔-麦金太尔(Alasdair MacIntyre)的《追寻美德》(After Virtue)于 1981 年出版以来,道德教育实践与容纳这些实践的机构之间固有的紧张关系受到广泛关注。我们提出了一个分类法,说明机构对外部利益的追求是如何损害实践对内部利益的追求的。这些方式包括:替代,即机构以另一种方式取代对一种物品的追求;挫折,即从业人员发现物品或制定新的卓越标准的机会因机构的优先事项和资源分配而受挫;不公正,即破坏机构内部和/或与合作伙伴关系的完整性。这些威胁虽然在分析上截然不同,但往往相辅相成。现有文献和三环马戏团这一新颖的背景都说明了这一概念性贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The Virtue of External Goods in Action Sports Practice 体育运动实践中的外在美德
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2023.37
Glen Whelan

Consistent with the idea that business ethics is a form of applied ethics, many virtue ethicists make use of an extant (pure) moral philosophy framework, namely, one developed by Alasdair MacIntyre. In doing so, these authors have refined MacIntyre’s work, but have never really challenged it. In here questioning, and developing an alternative to, the MacIntyrean orthdoxy, I illustrate the merit of business ethicists adopting a broader philosophical perspective focused on constructing (new) theory. More specifically—and in referring to action sports (e.g., mountain biking, snowboarding)—I propose that an external good motive is not only much more consistent with virtuous practical excellence than MacIntyreans acknowledge, but that such a motive is fundamental to identifying and explaining how practices can be deliberately created (by businesses). Consequently, and in stark contrast with MacIntyre’s deeply pessimistic outlook on modern business and society, I propose that those who value practices might celebrate our current era.

与商业伦理是应用伦理的一种形式这一观点相一致,许多美德伦理学家利用了现存的(纯)道德哲学框架,即由阿拉斯戴尔-麦金太尔(Alasdair MacIntyre)提出的框架。在这样做的过程中,这些作者完善了麦金太尔的著作,但从未真正挑战过它。在此,我对麦金太尔的正统理论提出质疑,并发展出一种替代方案,以此说明商业伦理学家采用更广泛的哲学视角、专注于构建(新)理论的优点。更具体地说--在提到极限运动(如山地自行车、单板滑雪)时--我提出,外部善的动机不仅比麦金太尔主义者所承认的更符合良性实践的卓越性,而且这种动机是识别和解释(企业)如何有意创造实践的根本。因此,与麦金太尔对现代商业和社会的极度悲观形成鲜明对比的是,我建议那些重视实践的人可以庆祝我们当前的时代。
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引用次数: 0
Can Digitally Transformed Work Be Virtuous? 数字化转型后的工作能否良性发展?
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2023.33
Alejo José G. Sison

This essay inquires whether digitally transformed work can be virtuous and under what conditions. It eschews technological determinism in both utopian and dystopian versions, opting for the premise of free human agency. This work is distinctive in adopting an actor-centric and explicitly ethical analysis based on neo-Aristotelian, Catholic social teaching (CST), and MacIntyrean teachings on the virtues. Beginning with an analysis of digital disruption, it identifies the most salient human advantages vis-à-vis technology in digitally transformed work and provides philosophical anthropological explanations for each. It also looks into external, organizational characteristics on both the macro and the micro levels of digitally transformed work, underscoring their ambivalence (efficiency and profits vs. exclusion and exploitation, flexibility and freedom vs. standardization and dependency) and the need to mitigate their polarizing effects for the sake of shared flourishing. The article presents standards for virtuous work according to neo-Aristotelian, CST, and MacIntyrean frames and applies them to digitally transformed work, giving rise to five fundamental principles. These basic guidelines indicate, on one hand, actions to be avoided and, on the other, actions to be pursued, together with their rationales.

这篇文章探究的是,数字化改造后的工作是否可以是良性的,以及在什么条件下可以是良性的。它摒弃了乌托邦式和乌托邦式的技术决定论,选择了人类自由能动性这一前提。这部著作的独特之处在于采用了一种以行动者为中心的、明确的伦理分析方法,其基础是新亚里士多德主义、天主教社会教义(CST)和麦金太尔关于美德的教义。该书从对数字颠覆的分析入手,确定了在数字化转型工作中相对于技术而言人类最突出的优势,并对每种优势提供了哲学人类学的解释。文章还探讨了数字化转型工作在宏观和微观层面的外部组织特征,强调了它们的矛盾性(效率和利润与排斥和剥削、灵活性和自由与标准化和依赖性),以及为实现共同繁荣而减轻其两极分化影响的必要性。文章根据新亚里士多德、科学与技术委员会和麦金泰尔的观点,提出了良性工作的标准,并将其应用于数字化转型工作,从而提出了五项基本原则。这些基本准则一方面指出了应避免采取的行动,另一方面指出了应采取的行动及其理由。
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引用次数: 0
BEQ volume 34 issue 1 Cover and Front matter BEQ 第 34 卷第 1 期封面和封底
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2023.34
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引用次数: 0
BEQ volume 34 issue 1 Cover and Back matter BEQ 第 34 卷第 1 期封面和封底
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2023.35
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引用次数: 0
Organizations as Wrongdoers: From Ontology to Morality, by Stephanie Collins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. 208 pp. 作为不法行为者的组织:从本体论到道德》,斯蒂芬妮-柯林斯著。牛津大学出版社,2023 年:牛津大学出版社,2023 年。208 pp.
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2023.32
B. V. E. Hyde
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引用次数: 0
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Business Ethics Quarterly
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