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Overlooked Thinkers: Stretching the Boundaries of Business Ethics Scholarship (Guest Editors’ Introduction) – Corrigendum 被忽视的思想家:扩展商业伦理奖学金的边界(客座编辑的介绍)-勘误表
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.47
A. Wicks, Lindsay Thompson, P. Werhane, N. Bowie
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引用次数: 0
A Lie Is a Lie: The Ethics of Lying in Business Negotiations 《谎言就是谎言:商业谈判中撒谎的道德规范
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.41
Charles N. C. Sherwood
I argue that lying in business negotiations is pro tanto wrong and no less wrong than lying in other contexts. First, I assert that lying in general is pro tanto wrong. Then, I examine and refute five arguments to the effect that lying in a business context is less wrong than lying in other contexts. The common thought behind these arguments—based on consent, self-defence, the “greater good,” fiduciary duty, and practicality—is that the particular circumstances which are characteristic of business negotiations are such that the wrongness of lying is either mitigated or eliminated completely. I argue that all these “special exemption” arguments fail. I conclude that, in the absence of a credible argument to the contrary, the same moral constraints must apply to lying in business negotiations as apply to lying in other contexts. Furthermore, I show that for the negotiator, there are real practical benefits from not lying.
我认为,在商业谈判中撒谎是完全错误的,而且与在其他情况下撒谎一样错误。首先,我断言一般撒谎是错误的。然后,我研究并反驳了五个论点,大意是在商业环境中撒谎比在其他环境中撒谎错误少。基于同意、自卫、“更大的利益”、信托义务和实用性的这些论点背后的共同思想是,商业谈判的特殊情况是,撒谎的错误性要么得到减轻,要么完全消除。我认为所有这些“特别豁免”的论点都是失败的。我的结论是,在没有可信的相反论点的情况下,在商业谈判中撒谎必须受到与在其他情况下撒谎相同的道德约束。此外,我表明,对于谈判代表来说,不撒谎确实有实际好处。
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引用次数: 2
Wage Exploitation as Disequilibrium Price 作为非均衡价格的工资剥削
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.45
S. Richard
There are two opposing views concerning intuitive cases of wage exploitation. The first denies that they are cases of exploitation at all. It is based on the nonworseness claim: there is nothing wrong with a discretionary mutually beneficial employment relationship. The second is the reasonable view: some employment relationships can be exploitative even if employers have no duty towards their employees. This article argues that the reasonable view does not completely defeat defences of wage exploitation, because these do not rely solely on the nonworseness claim. They also rely on the idea, popularised by Alan Wertheimer, that exploitation is a form of disequilibrium price occurring in defective markets. The article then proceeds to criticise Wertheimer’s account through neoclassical, new institutional, and Austrian economics. It concludes that considerations for economic efficiency are irrelevant to assessing intuitions regarding exploitation.
关于工资剥削的直观案例,有两种相反的观点。前者根本否认这些案件是剥削。它基于非恶化的主张:自由裁量互利的雇佣关系没有错。第二种是合理的观点:即使雇主对雇员没有义务,一些雇佣关系也可能是剥削性的。本文认为,合理的观点并不能完全击败对工资剥削的辩护,因为这些辩护并不仅仅依赖于非恶化索赔。他们还依赖于艾伦•韦特海默(Alan Wertheimer)推广的一种观点,即剥削是发生在缺陷市场上的一种不均衡价格。然后,文章通过新古典主义、新制度和奥地利经济学对韦特海默的观点进行了批判。它的结论是,对经济效率的考虑与评估关于剥削的直觉无关。
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引用次数: 0
The Ethics of Employment-at-Will: An Institutional Complementarities Approach 自由就业的伦理:一种制度互补的方法
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.40
Vikram R. Bhargava, Carson Young
Employment-at-will (EAW) is the legal presumption that employers and employees may terminate an employment relationship for any or no reason. Defenders of EAW have argued that it promotes autonomy and efficiency. Critics have argued that it allows for the domination, subordination, and arbitrary treatment of employees. We intervene in this debate by arguing that the case for EAW is contextual in a way that existing business ethics scholarship has not considered. In particular, we argue that the justifiability of EAW for a given jurisdiction depends on existing complementarities among the institutions that constitute the jurisdiction’s political economy. Notably, our view takes seriously the ethical concerns EAW critics have raised by showing how these concerns can be mitigated through public policy measures that do not require eliminating EAW.
随意雇佣(EAW)是一种法律推定,即雇主和雇员可以无故终止雇佣关系。EAW的捍卫者认为它促进了自主权和效率。批评人士认为,它允许对员工的支配、从属和任意对待。我们介入这场辩论,认为EAW的案例是背景的,而现有的商业道德学术没有考虑到这一点。特别是,我们认为EAW在特定司法管辖区的正当性取决于构成该司法管辖区政治经济的制度之间存在的互补性。值得注意的是,我们的观点认真对待EAW批评者提出的道德问题,展示了如何通过不需要消除EAW的公共政策措施来减轻这些问题。
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引用次数: 3
Ideologies of Corporate Responsibility: From Neoliberalism to “Varieties of Liberalism” 企业责任思想:从新自由主义到“自由主义的变种”
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.43
Steen Vallentin, David Murillo
Critical scholarship often presents corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a reflection or embodiment of neoliberalism. Against this sort of sweeping political characterization we argue that CSR can indeed be considered a liberal concept but that it embodies a “varieties of liberalism.” Building theoretically on the work of Michael Freeden on liberal languages, John Ruggie and Karl Polanyi on embedded forms of liberalism, and Michel Foucault on the distinction between classical liberalism and neoliberalism, we provide a conceptual treatment and mapping of the ideological positions that constitute the bulk of modern scholarly CSR debate. Thus, we distinguish between embedded liberalism, classical liberalism, neoliberalism, and re-embedded liberalism. We develop these four orientations in turn and show how they are engaged in “battles of ideas” over the meaning and scope of corporate responsibilities—and how they all remain relevant for an understanding of contemporary debates and developments in the field of CSR and corporate sustainability.
批判性学术通常将企业社会责任(CSR)视为新自由主义的反映或体现。针对这种笼统的政治特征,我们认为企业社会责任确实可以被认为是一个自由主义的概念,但它体现了“各种自由主义”。在迈克尔·弗里登(Michael Freeden)关于自由主义语言的研究、约翰·鲁吉(John Ruggie)和卡尔·波兰尼(Karl Polanyi)关于自由主义嵌入形式的研究以及米歇尔·福柯(Michel Foucault)关于古典自由主义和新自由主义之间区别的研究的理论基础上,我们提供了一种概念处理和意识形态立场的映射,这些立场构成了现代学术CSR辩论的主体。因此,我们区分了嵌入式自由主义、古典自由主义、新自由主义和再嵌入式自由主义。我们依次发展了这四个方向,并展示了它们如何参与关于企业责任的含义和范围的“思想之战”,以及它们如何与理解当代CSR和企业可持续发展领域的辩论和发展保持相关。
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引用次数: 2
Affects in Online Stakeholder Engagement: A Dissensus Perspective 在线利益相关者参与的影响:持不同意见的观点
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.35
Itziar Castelló, David López-Berzosa
A predominant assumption in studies of deliberative democracy is that stakeholder engagements will lead to rational consensus and to a common discourse on corporate social and environmental responsibilities. Challenging this assumption, we show that conflict is ineradicable and important and that affects constitute the dynamics of change of the discourses of responsibilities. On the basis of an analysis of social media engagements in the context of the grand challenge of plastic pollution, we argue that civil society actors use mobilization strategies with their peers and inclusive-dissensus strategies with corporations to convert them to a new discourse. These strategies use moral affects to blame and shame corporations and solidarity affects to create feelings of identification with the group and to avoid disengagement and polarization. Our research contributes to the literature on deliberative democracy and stakeholder engagement in social media in the collective constructions of discourses on grand challenges.
协商民主研究中的一个主要假设是,利益相关者的参与将导致理性共识,并导致对企业社会和环境责任的共同讨论。挑战这一假设,我们表明冲突是不可消除的和重要的,它的影响构成了责任话语变化的动力。在对塑料污染这一重大挑战背景下的社交媒体参与进行分析的基础上,我们认为,公民社会行动者与同伴一起使用动员策略,与企业一起使用包容性异议策略,将它们转化为一种新的话语。这些策略利用道德效应来指责和羞辱企业,利用团结效应来创造对群体的认同感,避免脱离和两极分化。我们的研究为关于协商民主和利益相关者参与社会媒体的文献做出了贡献,这些文献是关于重大挑战的话语的集体建构。
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引用次数: 9
Islands of Deliberative Capacity in an Ocean of Authoritarian Control? The Deliberative Potential of Self-Organised Teams in Firms 专制控制海洋中的协商能力岛屿?企业中自组织团队的协商潜力
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.39
Alexander Krüger
Business firms play an increasingly influential role in contemporary societies, which has led many scholars to return to the question of the democratisation of corporate governance. However, the possibility of democratic deliberation within firms has received only marginal attention in the current debate. This article fills this gap in the literature by making a normative case for democratic deliberation at the workplace and empirically assessing the deliberative capacity of self-organised teams within business firms. It is based on sixteen in-depth interviews in six German firms which practice various forms of self-organised teamwork. The article argues that self-organised teamwork can create a space for authentic, inclusive, and consequential deliberation by suspending authoritarian control structures within business firms. Finally, the article proposes the consideration of firms not only as necessary parts of a larger deliberative system but also as deliberative systems in themselves.
企业在当代社会中发挥着越来越大的影响力,这促使许多学者回到公司治理民主化的问题上来。然而,在当前的辩论中,企业内部民主审议的可能性只受到了很少的关注。本文通过为工作场所的民主审议提供规范性案例,并实证评估企业内部自组织团队的审议能力,填补了文献中的这一空白。它基于对六家德国公司的十六次深入采访,这些公司实行各种形式的自我组织团队合作。文章认为,自我组织的团队合作可以通过暂停企业内部的威权控制结构,为真实、包容和重要的审议创造空间。最后,文章提出,企业不仅是一个更大的审议系统的必要组成部分,而且也是审议系统本身。
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引用次数: 3
Tackling Grand Challenges beyond Dyads and Networks: Developing a Stakeholder Systems View Using the Metaphor of Ballet 应对Dyads和网络之外的重大挑战:利用芭蕾舞的隐喻发展利益相关者系统观
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.36
Thomas J. Roulet, Joel Bothello
Tackling grand challenges requires coordination and sustained effort among multiple organizations and stakeholders. Yet research on stakeholder theory has been conceptually constrained in capturing this complexity: existing accounts tend to focus either on dyadic level firm–stakeholder ties or on stakeholder networks within which the focal organization is embedded. We suggest that addressing grand challenges requires a more generative conceptualization of organizations and their constituents as stakeholder systems. Using the metaphor of ballet and insights from dance theory, we highlight four defining dimensions of stakeholder systems (two structural and two dyadic); we proceed to offer a dynamic model of how those dimensions may interact and coevolve. Our metaphor and resulting theory of stakeholder systems are thereby well equipped to incorporate the complexity of tackling grand challenges, where many contemporary stakeholder arrangements are oriented around issues rather than firms.
应对重大挑战需要多个组织和利益相关者之间的协调和持续努力。然而,利益相关者理论的研究在捕捉这种复杂性方面受到了概念上的限制:现有的研究倾向于关注企业与利益相关者的二元关系,或者关注焦点组织所在的利益相关者网络。我们建议,解决重大挑战需要将组织及其组成部分作为利益相关者系统进行更具生动性的概念化。利用芭蕾舞的隐喻和舞蹈理论的见解,我们强调了利益相关者系统的四个定义维度(两个结构和两个二元);我们继续提供这些维度如何相互作用和共同进化的动态模型。因此,我们对利益相关者系统的比喻和由此产生的理论很好地适应了应对重大挑战的复杂性,其中许多当代利益相关者安排是围绕问题而不是公司进行的。
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引用次数: 8
Feminist Epistemology and Business Ethics 女性主义认识论与商业伦理
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.33
L. Kaufmann
Neoclassical economics has become the predominant school of economic thought, influencing scholarship on management, organizations, and business ethics. However, many feminist economists challenge the individualist and positivist foundations of neoclassical economic epistemology, arguing instead that purportedly gender-neutral and value-free methods routinely and systematically leave out and undervalue women. Extending this proposition, this article introduces the epistemic foundations of feminist economics and illustrates how they can produce novel insights relevant for business ethics. In particular, by examining economic phenomena from the point of view of the people they affect, feminist economic epistemology is able to elucidate the ways in which power asymmetries and gender norms that constitute the social world can be reflected in business practices. I apply this methodological insight to three case studies of global supply chains to challenge the neoclassical assertion that including women in labor markets necessarily catalyzes gender equality.
新古典经济学已经成为经济学思想的主要流派,影响着管理学、组织学和商业伦理。然而,许多女权主义经济学家挑战了新古典经济认识论的个人主义和实证主义基础,相反,他们认为所谓的性别中立和价值自由的方法经常系统地忽视和低估了女性。扩展这一命题,本文介绍了女权主义经济学的认识基础,并说明了它们如何产生与商业伦理相关的新颖见解。特别是,通过从受影响的人的角度审视经济现象,女权主义经济认识论能够阐明构成社会世界的权力不对称和性别规范在商业实践中的反映方式。我将这一方法论见解应用于全球供应链的三个案例研究,以挑战新古典主义的断言,即将女性纳入劳动力市场必然会促进性别平等。
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引用次数: 4
Pandemics at Work: Convergence of Epidemiology and Ethics 工作中的流行病:流行病学与伦理学的融合
IF 3 2区 哲学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1017/beq.2021.32
Michele Thornton, W. Martin
Like COVID-19, new infectious disease outbreaks emerge almost annually, and studies predict that this trend will continue due to a variety of factors, including an aging population, ease of travel, and globalization of the economy. In response to episodic public health crises, governments and organizations develop, implement, and enforce policies, procedures, protocols, and programs. The epidemiological triad is both a model of disease causation and fundamentally used to design and deploy such control measures. Here we adapt this model to the workplace setting and use the epidemiological triad to characterize the related ethical challenges in implementing the control measures employers face as a guide for a workplace intervention framework. Through this approach, our aim is to show how an integrated ethical framework, grounded in epidemiological principles, has important implications for how we categorize, understand, and resolve the difficult decisions that emerge in the workplace under pandemic conditions.
与COVID-19一样,几乎每年都会出现新的传染病暴发,研究预测,由于人口老龄化、旅行便利和经济全球化等多种因素,这一趋势将持续下去。为了应对偶发性公共卫生危机,政府和组织制定、实施和执行政策、程序、协议和规划。流行病学三位一体既是一种病因模型,也是从根本上用于设计和部署这种控制措施的模型。在这里,我们将该模型应用于工作场所环境,并使用流行病学三元特征来描述雇主在实施控制措施时面临的相关道德挑战,作为工作场所干预框架的指导。通过这种方法,我们的目的是展示以流行病学原则为基础的综合伦理框架如何对我们如何分类、理解和解决在大流行条件下工作场所出现的困难决策产生重要影响。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Business Ethics Quarterly
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