Health Psychology Review最新文献

This review establishes the extent to which the behaviour change technique (BCT) Graded Tasks is effective in increasing physical activity. Databases, including PubMed, Cochrane and PsycINFO, were searched (October 2024) for randomised control trials of Graded Tasks interventions with adult physical activity change as the main outcome. Graded Tasks were always delivered alongside BCTs 'goal setting (behaviour)' and 'action planning'. Of the 53 identified studies (N = 10,060), 39 were included in a random effects meta-analysis, indicating a significant, medium effect of Graded Tasks interventions in increasing physical activity (N = 4190, g = 0.61, CI 95% 0.42-0.81, p < .001, I²=  83%). Prevention-based interventions (g = 0.78, CI 95% 0.43-1.12, p < .001, I²= 90%) had larger effects than treatment-based interventions (g = 0.38, CI 95% 0.23-0.53, p < .001, I²= 34). The number of Graded Task increments explained significant variability in physical activity change (R² = 0.47, β = 0.68, p < .001). GRADE certainty of evidence was rated low. Graded Tasks, in conjunction with other BCTs, are effective for increasing physical activity, particularly for prevention. The included studies did, however, show high heterogeneity and potential publication bias. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022347300.

Living with and managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) can be a significant burden for women. Previous research suggests that family support, particularly from partners, can substantially influence women's experiences of GDM. This review synthesised qualitative research examining the influence of partner support on women's experiences of living with and managing GDM. A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, and ProQuest. Sixty-two articles were included, and themes were developed using Thomas and Harden's (2008) thematic synthesis approach. Confidence in the findings was assessed using the GRADE-CERQual approach. Three key themes were generated: (1) the spectrum of dyadic experiences in GDM, highlighting varying forms of partner support, including practical, emotional, and indirect support; (2) aligning partner support with women's needs, emphasising the importance of matching support with individual preferences; and (3) partner support is experienced within dyads, families, and cultural contexts, demonstrating how cultural norms shape partner involvement. Supportive partners positively influenced coping and management, while overbearing or inadequate support increased burden. Cultural expectations around support affected how support was perceived and provided. Most findings were rated as moderate confidence. Healthcare strategies could focus on education, open communication, and culturally tailored support to optimise partner involvement.

Timely breast and cervical cancer screening greatly reduce mortality, yet uptake remains sub-optimal, and intervention effectiveness varies across populations and settings. This systematic review applies the Intervention Ladder framework to classify interventions by their level of intrusiveness and assess their effectiveness in increasing uptake. Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS) were searched for articles published from 2004 to October 2024, using terms related to cancer screening, uptake, and behavioural interventions. Studies were included if they were randomised or cluster-randomised trials targeting under-screened women (never screened, overdue, or non-responders). Of 2,981 records identified, 240 full-texts were reviewed and 91 trials met inclusion criteria. Due to high heterogeneity in intervention types, populations, and outcome reporting, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Screening uptake was summarised as percentage-point change. Results showed that low-intensity strategies that support individual autonomy, such as mailed reminders or self-sampling kits, were consistently effective. In contrast, more intrusive interventions were infrequently implemented and showed no clear added benefit. These findings highlight the value of ethically proportionate, accessible strategies to enhance participation in cancer screening.

Caring for a child with a chronic health condition (CC) involves numerous challenges, which may have multiplied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed (1) to quantify the prevalence of clinically elevated anxiety, depression, general stress, and parenting stress symptoms in afflicted parents, (2) to examine potential moderator variables, and (3) to compare the outcomes between parents of children with and without CCs. A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases (PsycInfo, PubMed, CENTRAL, PSYNdex). A total of 79 studies were included. The pooled prevalence estimates of clinically elevated anxiety, depression, general and parenting stress symptoms were 31.04%, 27.37%, 64.27%, and 26.70%, respectively. Significant moderators were identified only for anxiety symptoms, namely geopolitical region, child CC, and child age. Anxiety and depression, but not general and parenting stress, were significantly higher in parents of children with than without CCs. Compared to published data from before the pandemic, prevalence rates of clinically elevated anxiety and depression symptoms decreased, while stress levels no longer differed between parents of children with and without CCs. We hypothesise that parents of children with CCs experienced some beneficial effects during the COVID-19 pandemic and had already acquired resilience to buffer its psychosocial impact.

Stress regulation is commonly conceptualised as behavioural responses to external stressors, often overlooking the perceptual processes shaping individual experience. This framing obscures the dynamic, hierarchical, and personally meaningful nature of regulation. In this paper, we introduce a unifying framework grounded in Perceptual Control Theory, proposing that the psychophysiology of stress is best understood as the control of perception rather than behaviour. Stress arises from a mismatch between current perceptions and internally held reference values - the desired states individuals strive to maintain. Within a hierarchical control system, these values are dynamically modified through experience. We argue that goal conflict - where simultaneous reference values cannot be satisfied, leading to persistent error - is the primary source of acute and chronic stress. Reorganisation, an adaptive process of structural change within the hierarchy, serves as the mechanism for resolving such conflict by revising reference values or creating new control systems. This perspective explains individual differences by focusing on controlled perceptions rather than standardised coping strategies. By formalising stress regulation as perceptual control, this approach bridges biological, psychological, and social dimensions. It offers a foundation for personalised interventions that target what individuals value most, rather than prescribing one-size-fits-all solutions.

The aim of the study was to systematically retrieve and analyse current published literature and grey literature regarding the impact of community-based outdoor physical activity (PA) interventions on quantitative and qualitative measures of health and wellbeing in adults and children. A systematic review of seven databases was undertaken in February-April 2022 and September 2024. Overall, 57 outdoor community-based PA intervention studies were included. Meta-analysis results revealed a small-to-moderate positive effect for green exercise (GE) on measures of general health and mental health from pre-to-post intervention, with some evidence of greater benefits on overall health and PA compared to no exercise engagement. Quantitative and qualitative data synthesis indicated positive effects on mental wellbeing and PA engagement when interventions lasted 45 -90 minutes over 6 -13 weeks, with the greatest benefits displayed after walking and multi-activity interventions. A content analysis of qualitative findings emphasises the importance of social opportunities for GE uptake and adherence, and recommended developing low-cost, accessible, fun, and varied exercise opportunities in collaboration with community stakeholders. This comprehensive and robust evidence synthesis demonstrates the positive impact of GE engagement on mental wellbeing and PA, offering novel guidance for the creation, application, and promotion of community-based GE projects.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of text message-delivered health behaviours intervention on HbA1c change among adults with T2DM, and to identify key moderators including intervention features, message characteristics, target behaviours, and the usage of behaviour change techniques (BCTs). We systematically reviewed 37 randomised controlled trials published between 2016 and 2025, involving 8,971 participants. Changes in HbA1c and health behaviours were analysed using the standardised mean difference. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in HbA1c (g = -0.32, 95% CI = -0.46 to - 0.18). Meta-regression also found that the intervention significantly improved health behaviours, which in turn predicted a significant reduction in HbA1c levels. Subsequent subgroup analyses revealed that studies with a shorter duration (≤6 months) demonstrated a larger effect size in reducing HbA1c. Notably, interventions employing specific BCTs including 'body changes' (g = -0.643), 'habit formation' (g = -0.624), 'credible source' (g = -0.513), 'self-monitoring of outcomes of behaviours' (g = -0.377), and "instruction on how to perform the behaviour' (g = -0.354) were significantly associated with greater HbA1c reductions. These effects were particularly pronounced in trials focused on physical activity, healthy eating, and medication adherence. Conclusions suggest that text message-delivered health behavior interventions should be tailored to specific target behavior and incorporate these high-impact BCTs to comprehensively improve diabetes management.

This systematic review of prospective studies examined whether psychological stress-conceptualised as cumulative stressful life events or perceived stress-is associated with cancer incidence. It was pre-registered in PROSPERO (IDCRD42020175681) and conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Methodological quality was assessed using the NIH Tool for Observational Studies, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Hazard ratios were synthesised using random-effects meta-analyses. Nineteen studies were included, evaluating the effect of stressful life events (k=6) and/or perceived stress (k=15) on overall (k=3), breast (k=10), prostate (k=3), colorectal (k=2) and endometrial (k=1) cancer. Neither stressful life events nor perceived stress was consistently associated with cancer risk. Conflicting results emerged for perceived stress, including both protective and detrimental effects, particularly for breast and colorectal cancer. Most studies employed non-validated stress measures (k=12), assessed stress only once (k=17), and did not examine its impact comprehensively (k=11). The certainty of evidence was graded as very low. This review found no consistent evidence linking psychological stress to cancer risk. More high-quality prospective studies using comprehensive and validated measures of psychological stress and exploring potential moderators can help advance knowledge on the role of psychological stress in cancer incidence.

Decision fatigue is the tendency towards making less effortful decisions as the cumulative mental burden of effortful decision-making increases. Health professionals working long shifts may be particularly vulnerable to decision fatigue. This preregistered systematic review (Prospero ID = CRD42021260081, no external funding) aims to synthesise the empirical evidence on decision fatigue in the healthcare context. Systematic searches across eight databases identified 14,740 records. N = 82 studies (72 quantitative, 1 qualitative, 1 review, 8 expert discussions) met the inclusion criteria (health professionals/trainees; medical decisions over time; healthcare context; any design). Study quality was assessed with the MMAT or relevant JBI checklist. Narrative synthesis revealed that 45% of cases that quantitatively assessed the decision fatigue hypothesis provided evidence of significant decision fatigue effects across diagnostic, test ordering, prescribing, and therapeutic decisions. Expert discussions confirmed healthcare professionals' recognition of decision fatigue as an important phenomenon. However, decision fatigue was inconsistently defined and inadequately operationalised, reflecting limitations in current theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. To address this, we propose a new definition for greater conceptual clarity and more consistent operationalisation in future research.' Future studies should prioritise the development and testing of different theoretical explanations for decision fatigue to improve understanding and facilitate the development of appropriate interventions.

Women affected by gynaecological cancers are at an increased risk of psychological distress, diminished psychological wellbeing and quality of life (QoL). This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised the impact of psychosocial interventions on these three outcomes. A total of 23 studies (N = 3345 participants), including 19 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were assessed using Cochrane RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Meta-regression random effect modelling analyses revealed reductions in psychological distress (p < .001) and improvements in psychological wellbeing (p = .003) and QoL (p < .001). Findings highlight the potential of interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychoeducation to complement multidisciplinary approaches addressing patients' biopsychosocial needs. Psychoeducation's integration with other interventions enhanced patient self-management and coping. Multidisciplinary interventions demonstrated effects on outcomes related to body image and sexual health concerns. However, variability in study designs, intervention delivery, follow-up periods and high risk of bias underscore the need for robust research and standardised measures. Overall, the review reinforces the value of holistic, tailored interventions to meet the diverse needs of women affected by gynaecological cancers. Future research may consider refining intervention timing, delivery methods and cost-effectiveness while addressing disparities in access to ensure equitable care.