Health Psychology Review最新文献

Serious medical events are increasingly recognised as potential triggers for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of interventions for medically induced PTSD. Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2023 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024504055). Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials of interventions for adults diagnosed with, or exhibiting elevated symptoms of, PTSD related to life-threatening medical events. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Group differences at follow-up were assessed using independent t-tests for statistical significance, and Cohen's d was calculated to measure effect sizes. Eleven trials (sample sizes: 17-89) met inclusion criteria, with PTSD primarily resulting from cardiovascular events (n = 5) or cancer (n = 4). Interventions included trauma-focused psychotherapies (n = 8; e.g., Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing [EMDR]) and others (n = 3; e.g., supportive therapy). Most studies reported significant posttreatment differences and large effect sizes favouring the intervention group, with EMDR and other trauma-focused psychotherapies particularly well-supported. Common limitations included small sample sizes, use of self-reported outcomes, and high dropout rates. Results highlight the efficacy of several interventions for medically induced PTSD and the need for larger trials.

The absence of a comprehensive, unified, conceptualisation of loneliness and the consequent lack of a clear and precise theoretical definition of loneliness impede research, policy and practice activities to understand and address this global public health issue. Our study aimed to establish the first such conceptualisation and develop the first such definition. To do so, we undertook a systematic conceptual review, specifically an umbrella concept analysis, including 42 documents summarising/synthesising the literature concerning the conceptualisation and/or theoretical definition of loneliness. The novel definition developed is the negative feeling(s) one experiences as a result of a (conscious or subconscious) personal perception that one's interpersonal needs are not satisfied by (the quantity and/or quality of) one's interpersonal (emotional, social, collective, professional and/or religious) relationships. In the process, we identified the unidimensionality of loneliness and generated clarity regarding the opposite of loneliness ('unloneliness'). We call on researchers, policymakers and practitioners working in the field of loneliness, the wider field of interpersonal relationships or encountering loneliness in other fields of activity, across the globe, to employ the novel conceptualisation and theoretical definition as a foundation for activities to further progress understanding and addressing of loneliness. We also encourage consideration of unloneliness, when undertaking such activities.

Cardiometabolic diseases are major global health concerns, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Self-monitoring is crucial for managing these conditions; however, the adherence to self-monitoring remains suboptimal. Nudge-based interventions, such as reminders and automatic prescription refills, have shown promise in improving self-monitoring behaviours. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of nudge-based interventions on self-monitoring behaviours and health outcomes in this population. Thirty-five randomised controlled trials from seven databases (earliest available date to March 2025) were included. Nudge strategies were categorised according to the choice architecture taxonomy by Münscher et al. Meta-analysis demonstrated that nudge-based interventions were associated with significant improvements in self-monitoring behaviours in cardiometabolic patients (Hedge's g = 0.56; 95% CI [0.44, 0.69]; p < 0.001) as well as reductions in HbA1c levels (MD = -0.50; p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (MD = -4.47; p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (MD = -2.02; p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Subgroup analyses indicated that the effect size of nudge interventions may vary by delivery mode, components, and intervention duration. Our findings suggest that integrating diverse behavioural nudges could optimise management strategies for these patients, enhancing both self-monitoring adherence and health outcomes.

Stress influences health behaviours critical for preventing non-communicable diseases. Although research on the stress-health behaviour relationship in daily life has grown, a synthesis of measures and findings is lacking. This systematic review examines stress measures used in intensive longitudinal studies in daily life, their reliability and associations with health behaviours. We included studies measuring self-reported (cognitive appraisal-based) or physiological stress in daily life alongside health behaviours including eating, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. We excluded studies on physical stress, mood, laboratory-induced stress, non-English publications, and animal studies. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Tool. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched 2,333 records from PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science, leading to 100 included studies with 18,122 participants. Narrative synthesis of results showed that self-reported stress measures dominated (94.5%), while physiological measures were underrepresented (5.5%). Stress was linked to unhealthier behaviours (30.2%), healthier behaviours (14.1%), or was not associated with health behaviour (55.7%), depending on conceptual, methodology, and sample characteristics. Notably, physiological stress predominantly correlated with healthier behaviours, while self-reported stress predominantly related to unhealthier behaviours. Low study quality limit comparability, highlighting the need for standardised reporting to improve future research on stress and health behaviour.

There is consistent research evidence demonstrating that physical activity and sedentary time are related to mental health and subjective wellbeing outcomes. Existing syntheses have examined the between-person association, the results of which cannot be extrapolated to the experiences of individuals. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to synthesise the within-person correlation between daily physical activity and sedentary behaviours with daily subjective wellbeing. Four databases were searched with keywords for physical activity and sedentary behaviours, subjective wellbeing, and intensive longitudinal study designs. A correlated and hierarchical random effects meta-analysis was used to synthesise the results. Seventy-six unique studies reporting on 13,768 participants were included. There was a significant positive within-person correlation between general physical activity (r = 0.13) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (r = 0.11) with subjective wellbeing, and a significant negative within-person correlation between sedentary time and subjective wellbeing (r = -0.19). Results from moderation analyses demonstrated that the association was significantly weaker between general physical activity and subjective wellbeing when considering the association with negative affect compared to other subjective wellbeing outcomes. This review provides novel insights into the association between physical activity and sedentary time with subjective wellbeing. Implications of findings and areas that warrant future research interest are discussed.

Aims: This study examines behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in interventions delivered to women with breast cancer or survivors of breast cancer. We aimed to identify BCTs that are consistently used in interventions, particularly those supported by evidence across three outcomes: nutrition behaviour, physical activity, and body weight.

Methods: A meta-review (preregistered in PROSPERO; #CRD42024521376) was conducted, integrating evidence from systematic, scoping, and pragmatic reviews. Ten databases were searched using ASReviews software and manual searches; 37 reviews were included. The ROBIS tool was applied to assess the bias risk. BCTs were considered supported if ≥3 reviews provided evidence of their effectiveness, with ≥60% of original studies showing a significant improvement in respective outcomes.

Results: Analyses indicated that 24 BCTs influenced either single or combined behaviours. In the case of 14 out of these 24 BCTs, existing evidence supported effectiveness for one outcome only: physical activity. Six techniques were effective across all outcomes (healthy nutrition, physical activity, and healthy body mass): goal setting, problem solving, action planning, reviewing goals, social rewards, and positive self-talk.

Discussion: The findings may guide the development of interventions targeting complex, multi-behaviour changes among women with breast cancer and survivors of breast cancer.

As cognitive decline is a progressive process, it is crucial to determine the environmental influences that contribute to its onset and advancement. The transition into retirement may be a pivotal moment impacting cognitive functioning. This study aimed to synthesise evidence on the effects of retirement on cognitive functioning through a systematic review of longitudinal studies. A systematic search was conducted in the CINAHL and APA PsycArticles databases, as well as in SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published since 2013, following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two studies were selected. A narrative synthesis of the main characteristics and results of the included studies enabled the identification of overarching trends as well as confounding and moderating variables in the relationship between retirement and cognitive functioning. Overall, the findings suggested that retirement was associated with lower cognitive functioning, an increased rate of decline, and a higher risk of dementia. Sociodemographic variables, cognitive domains assessed, mental job demands, and occupational groups were found to modify this relationship. Possible mechanisms such as reduced cognitive stimulation, increased stress, and role disengagement are discussed.

Scientific journals play a crucial role in promoting open science. The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guidelines identify a range of standards that journals can adopt to promote the verifiability of the research they publish. We evaluated the adoption of TOP standards within health psychology and behavioural medicine journal policies, as this had not yet been systematically assessed. In a cross-sectional study on 19 health psychology and behavioural medicine journals, eight raters evaluated TOP standard adoption by these journals using the TRUST journal policy evaluation tool. Out of a total possible score of 29, journal scores ranged from 1 to 13 (median = 6). Standards related to use of reporting guidelines and data transparency were adopted the most, whereas standards related to pre-registration of study analysis plans and citation of code were adopted the least. TOP guidelines have to-date been poorly adopted within health psychology and behavioural medicine journal policies. There are several relatively straightforward opportunities for improvement, such as expanding policies around research data to also consider code and materials, and reducing ambiguity of wording. However, other improvements may require a collaborative approach involving all research stakeholders.

This systematic review and meta-regression analysis examined behavioural correlates of plasma donation intention and behaviour, employing the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to categorise associated factors. From 53 included studies (n = 3,282,755 participants), we identified 56 unique factors spanning 11 TDF domains. Meta-regression revealed significant correlations between plasma donation intention and six domains, including beliefs about capabilities, social influences, and emotions. Meta-regression of factors associated with behaviour did not identify any significant associations. This review highlights key theoretically informed correlates of plasma donation intention but reveals a lack of evidence on predictors of actual donation behaviour. Addressing this intention-behaviour gap through robust, longitudinal research will be critical to informing effective plasma donation interventions.

Consistent hearing aid use protects against spoken language delays in 0-3-year-olds with hearing loss; however, use is at its lowest and most variable during this critical period for language development. The few intervention efforts to increase infant hearing aid use demonstrate limited effectiveness and lack a theoretically driven understanding of the factors influencing use, potentially inhibiting progress in increasing infant hearing aid use. We aimed to address this gap in understanding by conducting a systematic review and mixed methods synthesis of research reporting parent- and professional-reported barriers and facilitators to hearing aid use in 0-3-year-olds, using framework analysis guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Twenty-seven studies were included, which reported 203 unique barriers and 196 unique facilitators, representing all 14 TDF domains. The most prevalent domains identified were environmental context and resources, knowledge, skills, social influences, and emotion. The determinants of hearing aid use in children aged 0-3 years therefore appear to extend beyond the narrow subset targeted by current interventions (e.g., predominantly knowledge and skills). Interventions would benefit from: (i) targeting a wider range of determinants than existing interventions address; and (ii) applying a theoretically informed framework to guide intervention design.