Health Psychology Review最新文献

ABSTRACTPhysical activity identity, or viewing oneself as a physically active person, reliably predicts physical activity. Yet, little is known about how physical activity identity can be developed or strengthened. In this critical narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify models of physical activity identity, health psychology, behaviour change, identity or self-related constructs in search of explanations, constructs, or insights important for physical activity identity building and strengthening. Identified models included: the physical activity self-definition model, maintain IT, M-PAC, PRIME, possible selves, and self-determination theory. Using content analysis, we identified themes around candidate antecedents of physical activity identity. Nine common physical activity identity inputs were identified that we categorised as behavioural (physical activity; self-regulation; investment), cognitive (perceived ability; imaginal experiences, rules/standards; alignment with goals or values) or social (attachment ties; social appraisals). For each candidate input, we identify which models include the input, consider relevant research, discuss how and why the input may be related to physical activity identity, and offer practical strategies for building or strengthening physical activity identity. We offer a list of theory-informed physical activity identity inputs, a working figure which represents these identity inputs, and suggestions about how they may relate to physical activity identity (directly; indirectly). We aim to support future researchers in advancing the physical activity identity literature, and help practitioners support physical activity behaviour change.

Identifying correlates of engagement with digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) can guide strategies to encourage therapy skill practice in targeted subgroups, supporting precision mental health. This three-level robust variance estimation meta-analysis examined correlates of DMHI engagement across 117 studies (1698 effect sizes; 279,791 participants), classifying engagement as initial uptake, study-specific usage, and intervention completion. Women engaged more than men in both unadjusted (Cohen's d = 0.34, 95% CI [0.06, 0.62]) and adjusted models (r_p = 0.05 [0.01, 0.09]). Other positive correlates were past mental health problems, guided versus self-guided modality delivery, therapeutic relationship, and positive expectancy. Meta-regressions indicated that completion was associated with older age, higher education, employment, and lower stress. Uptake was related to higher socioeconomic status, greater motivation, and lower symptom severity; usage was linked to human guidance and common mental disorders versus other conditions. Longer treatment duration amplified the effects of therapeutic relationship and guidance on engagement. Nearly half (48.7%) of studies had low risk of bias; minimal publication bias did not alter findings. Persuasive design strategies could enhance male engagement. Practitioners and policymakers should prioritize coaching that fosters productive relationships, pre-intervention materials to set realistic expectations, and methods to reduce the high risk of bias in future DMHI research.

To gain more insight into promising strategies to achieve sustained optimal lifestyle and body composition changes among breast cancer survivors, which may improve health-related outcomes, this systematic review aimed to synthesise scientific evidence on maintenance of intervention effects on lifestyle and body composition in breast cancer survivors and to identify, describe and synthesise methods and strategies associated with effectiveness. Four databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE) were systematically searched for papers from 2010 onwards. Randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions among breast cancer survivors reporting outcomes (physical (in)activity, diet, body composition, sleep, alcohol consumption and/or smoking) at baseline, end of intervention and follow-up were included. Behaviour change techniques were coded using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy. Risk of bias and reporting completeness were evaluated using the RoB2 and the CONSORT checklist. Thirty papers were included. Few studies found intervention effects at end of intervention and at follow-up: 3 out of 17 assessing physical (in)activity, 3/6 assessing dietary outcomes, 1/8 assessing body composition and 1/8 assessing sleep. The low number of effective interventions hampered the synthesis of methods and strategies associated with effectiveness. This detailed overview of current scientific evidence provides guidance for future research.

Fidelity is an important but under-addressed aspect of health behaviour change intervention research. Consensus is lacking regarding terminology, definitions, and conceptualisations. Fidelity frameworks and models can help people address fidelity in a structured way and ensure clarity and consistency of terminology, but they are underutilised to date. We aimed to identify and describe existing fidelity frameworks/models and compare these in terms of fidelity constructs included. We conducted a scoping review using a pre-specified search, dual independent screening, and data extraction. We analysed data using basic descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. We identified 20 fidelity frameworks/models. All frameworks/models included constructs relating to intervention delivery. All frameworks/models also included additional constructs; however, there was a lack of consensus across these, and whether they are components or moderators of fidelity. For health behaviour change researchers wishing to address fidelity, selecting a comprehensive framework/model that facilitates consideration of multiple constructs and that aligns with their intended purpose and context may be beneficial. Fidelity is a multi-faceted concept of which delivery is an important, but not the only, construct. Findings will help researchers consider fidelity in greater depth, apply and refine existing frameworks/models, and improve how fidelity is addressed in future behavioural interventions.

Early cancer detection and innovative treatments have prolonged the lifespan of cancer patients, leading to long-term consequences, including cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). In 2011, the International Cancer and Cognition Task Force (ICCTF) established guidelines for neuropsychological assessment, however many neuropsychological tests lack validity for oncological patients. This systematic review aims to identify and summarise the most commonly used neuropsychological tests for cognitive screening and assessment in non-CNS cancer patients within research contexts. A search of electronic databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, and SCOPUS) included 1) research articles using 2) neuropsychological tests 3) on non-CNS cancer patients, 4) aged between 18 and 80 years old, 5) published in the English 6) from January 2011 to October 2023. Quality assessment was assessed following the MMAT Guidelines. Eligibility criteria were met by 178 studies which adopted 151 different neuropsychological tests. The most widely used screening test was the Mini-Mental State Examination (N=41). Among the main cognitive domains analyzed, the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (N=61) was the most commonly used to assess memory. The Controlled Oral Word Association Test (N=24) was primarily utilised for language assessment and the Trail Making Test-part A (TMT-A) (N=37) was the most frequently used to assess the attention domain. Moreover, executive functions were predominantly evaluated using the TMT-B (N=45). Among the included studies, only 42 adhered to the ICCTF guidelines. Despite the available guidelines, the wide variability of the utilised tests undermines the generalisability of results. These findings underscore the necessity of developing and implementing assessment and screening tools that are specifically tailored to cancer patients.

Research suggests a link between people's engagement with the police and their mental health, but little is known about how police activities affect the mental health of those they interact with. This paper develops a new theoretical model, the justice-identification model (JIM), to explain the social psychological dynamics underlying this relationship. The JIM integrates two unconnected frameworks - the social identity approach to health (SIAH) and procedural justice theory (PJT). It proposes that police contact negatively impacts mental health when it is associated with procedural injustice and exclusion but enhances health when it signals procedural justice and inclusion. Situating police-citizen interactions within an environment of inequality, we highlight how procedural fairness shapes the exercise of power by police officers. Social identity and experiences of procedural justice are framed as either stressors or sources of positive psychological connection. This analysis is instantiated in seven hypotheses that are broadly supported by existing empirical evidence. The JIM identifies three pathways linking exposure to policing and mental health through procedural justice and social identification. The paper explores the practical and theoretical implications of this model for mitigating negative mental health effects of police interactions and discusses strategies and priorities for both theory and practice.

Recently there have been calls in health psychology to re-examine the assumption that goals must be specific to be most effective, and to understand when and why nonspecific goals may produce comparable effects to specific goals. In particular, open goals have received increasing attention from both research and applied perspectives. However, there has not yet been a clear and robust definition of open goals, without which there is a risk of inaccurate or inconsistent research and implementation. Therefore, our primary aim was to develop a conceptual definition of open goals by examining necessary (i.e., essential) and sufficient (i.e., unique) attributes. The resulting definition identifies that open goals are nonspecific and phrased in an exploratory way, with measurable parameters, producing graded outcomes. A secondary aim was to critically review the initial evidence on open goals and highlight key priorities for future research. Five databases were searched, identifying 16 studies reporting empirical data on open goals, which were assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. A critical appraisal is provided, and priorities for future research are highlighted. In turn, this definition and review may help guide research and practice in the use of open goals as a strategy to promote health behaviours.

Great disparity is observed among studies investigating the prevalence of PTSD after burns. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the pooled prevalence of PTSD in adult burn survivors over the first two years post-burn. Five electronic databases were searched for observational studies assessing the prevalence of PTSD symptoms after burns. Meta-analysis was performed using an auto-correlation and hierarchical effects model to estimate the course of PTSD prevalence rates over time and to establish point-prevalences. The effect of different moderators over time was tested with meta-regression. Thirty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of PTSD was 20.5% (95% CI 16.4-24.6) and the prevalence significantly decreased by about 0.37% per month post-burn over time. Questionnaire-based studies, and studies published from 2000 onwards, were more likely to show a decrease in PTSD prevalence over time compared to diagnostic studies and studies before 2000. A qualitative comparison revealed that inter-continental differences are likely to be complex and multi-factorial. PTSD affects about one in five burn survivors, with moderately decreasing rates from six months post-burn onwards. Early screening and identification of burn survivors who require specialist psychological care are vital for burns services.

Given the importance of patients' ability to effectively self-manage their kidney disease, researchers have developed interventions focused on improving self-management for patients on dialysis. The review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these interventions and identify the characteristics of more effective interventions in this domain. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to promote self-management in patients on dialysis (N = 4201, k = 45) evaluated: the effect of the interventions on psychological, behavioural, and physiological outcomes; the relationships between changes in outcomes; the moderation of outcomes by behaviour change techniques employed in the interventions; and intervention duration. The meta-analysis obtained moderate effect sizes, demonstrating improvement in behavioural (g = 0.50 to 0.65) and physiological health outcomes (g = -0.32 to -0.57). Fewer studies assessed psychological intervention targets, but large effects were obtained for knowledge change and quality of life (g = 0.65 and 1.17, respectively). Improved knowledge was positively associated with improved medication adherence, which in turn was associated with one physiological outcome. Interventions incorporating psychotherapeutic techniques such as CBT or rational emotive therapy achieved superior physiological outcomes, particularly when used in isolation. The findings support the interpretation that intervention strategies to enhance emotional self-management are effective in optimising outcomes for patients on dialysis.

How often do we reflect on the potential moral or value implications - what is right, wrong, has value and is (in)appropriate - of seemingly trivial analytical decisions, such as how to dichotomise a variable? I argue that analytical choices relate to multifaceted and oftentimes challenging moral issues that scientists should take into deeper consideration. Here, I illustrate a variety of potential considerations about moral values, including issues like exclusion, marginalisation, autonomy, responsibility, non-maleficence in relation to various common analytical choices and practices, such as the use of thresholds for disease diagnosis or population definition, the use of composite measures in the context of clarifying effects, classification practices, decisions on variable selection, as well as decisions relating to (dis)aggregation of data. I discuss these examples in the context of reasonable theoretical or statistical reservations. I advocate for deeper engagement with the difficult moral implications of analytical decisions, and for a principled and pluralistic science, that is also a more robust science. Such a science can include diverse moral views through a coupled ethical-epistemic approach, sensitivity tests, multiverse analysis, as well as stronger commitments to participatory and mutual learning practices.