Health Psychology Review最新文献

Physical activity (PA) identity (i.e., categorisation of oneself in a particular role) has been linked to PA behaviour in observational research, yet experimental research has seen less attention. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of interventions to change identity and subsequent PA. Eligible studies were published in a peer-reviewed journal in English, included an experimental or quasi-experimental design in the PA domain with a measure of identity as the dependent variable, among an adult (>18 yrs.) sample. A literature search was completed in March 2024 using five common databases. The search yielded 40 independent effect sizes, representing 4939 participants. Random-effects meta-analysis showed positive changes in identity favouring the intervention over the control group g = 0.18 (95% CI = 0.11-0.24) and positive changes in a sub-sample (k = 30) of these studies that also measured PA g = 0.61 (95% CI = 0.41-0.81). Changes in identity did not have significant (Q = 43.08, p = 0.30) heterogeneity, yet changes in PA showed heterogeneity (Q = 204.62, p < .001) and follow-up moderator analyses found potential publication bias, and differences by methods (comparison group, length of intervention) and theoretical approach. Overall, PA identity can change as a result of interventions, but the effect may be smaller than changes in behaviour in these interventions.

Despite evidence supporting genetic testing's utility in hereditary cancer risk management, uptake remains low among at-risk relatives of a hereditary cancer patient. The qualitative systematic review aims to identify the psychosocial barriers and facilitators associated with the uptake of genetic counselling services and/or genetic testing (GC/GT). A systematic literature search was performed across six databases in June 2023, limited to studies published in English from 2010 onwards. Qualitative studies interviewing hereditary cancer patients, their relatives, and/or healthcare providers to identify the psychosocial barriers and facilitators associated with the uptake of genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndrome were eligible for inclusion. A thematic analysis was conducted on the extracted data from 41 eligible qualitative studies. 54% of the studies were from the United States and 75% of the participants were female. 14 psychosocial barriers and nine facilitators to the uptake of genetic testing services were identified. The most frequently cited psychosocial barriers to genetic testing uptake were 'emotional roller coaster', 'threat of genetic discrimination', and 'no perceived benefit of genetic testing'. In contrast, the most common facilitators were 'concern for family', 'easing personal worries', and 'knowledge is empowering'. Our findings reveal complex factors affecting GC/GT service uptake, some with dual effects.

Protection motivation theory is a pre-eminent health behaviour theory purposed to predict participation in health protection and risk behaviours. It has been widely applied across multiple behaviours, populations and contexts. In this conceptual review, we summarise research applying the theory and identify shortcomings and evidence gaps that limit reported inferences and impede theory and intervention development. Accordingly, we provide recommendations for best practices and suggestions for future research to resolve these limitations. Limitations identified include a dearth of comprehensive theory tests, sparse evidence of theory sufficiency, a lack of studies including additional constructs, overuse of correlational and cross-sectional research designs, a paucity of intervention studies and tests of theory-consistent mechanisms of action, few tests intrapersonal and environmental moderators of theory effects and measurement concerns. We provide recommendations to address these limitations including conducting comprehensive theory tests in support of nomological validity; incorporating past behaviour and other constructs to establish theory sufficiency and extend its scope; adopting cross-lagged panel and factorial experimental research designs to test directional effects, permit better causal inference and test mechanisms of action; testing effects of moderators to identify conditions that may affect theory applicability and developing measurement standards for study constructs and adopting non-self-report behaviour measures.

Causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) serve as intuitive tools to visually represent causal relationships between variables. While they find widespread use in guiding study design, data collection and statistical analysis, their adoption remains relatively rare in the domain of psychology. In this paper we describe the relevance of DAGs for health psychology, review guidelines for developing causal DAGs, and offer recommendations for their development. A scoping review searching for papers and resources describing guidelines for DAG development was conducted. Information extracted from the eligible papers and resources (n = 11) was categorised, and results were used to formulate recommendations. Most records focused on DAG development for data analysis, with similar steps outlined. However, we found notable variations on how to implement confounding variables (i.e., sequential inclusion versus exclusion). Also, how domain knowledge should be integrated in the development process was scarcely addressed. Only one paper described how to perform a literature search for DAG development. Key recommendations for causal DAG development are provided and discussed using an illustrative example.

The management of stress has evolved in recent years due to widespread availability of mobile-device applications (apps) and their capacity to deliver psychological interventions. We evaluated the efficacy of mental health apps on stress and sought to identify characteristics associated with effect size estimates. Sixty-nine randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Random effects meta-analyses were performed and putative moderators were examined at univariate and multivariate (combinations and interactions) levels. From 78 comparisons, we observed a small but significant pooled effect of apps over control conditions on perceived stress levels (g = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.34; I²= 68%). This effect weakened after taking into account small-study bias according to the trim-and-fill procedure (g = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.19; I²= 78%). Delivery of apps with stress monitoring features produced smaller efficacy estimates, although this association interacted with other trial features (small sample size and inactive control group) in multivariate analyses, suggesting that this effect may have been explained by features characteristic of low-quality trials. Mental health apps appear to have small, acute effects on reducing perceived stress. Future research should shift focus towards identifying change mechanisms, longitudinal outcomes, features that facilitate sustained app usage, and tangible pathways to integrating apps into real-world clinical settings.

Despite rapid theoretical expansion in conceptualising individual and environmental processes, the examination of social processes associated with health behaviours has a less cohesive theoretical landscape. The purpose of this mapping review and content analysis was to develop a taxonomy of social dimensions applicable to health behaviours. Michie et al. (2014) 'ABC of Theories of Behaviour Change' text, which includes 83 behaviour change theories, was used as the data-set, whereby an iterative concurrent content analysis was undertaken with respect to all relational/interpersonal psychological dimensions. The analysis resulted in a social dimensions of health behaviour (SDHB) framework of 10 dimensions, including seven sub-types of social appraisal dimensions and three-sub-types of social identification dimensions. The SDHB revealed that specific dimensions, such as descriptive norm, are prevalent in behavioural theories, while other dimensions have seen less attention. Further, while most social constructs in behavioural theories are represented by only one social dimension in the SDHB, other constructs have complex representation. This version 1.0 of the SDHB framework should assist in specifying the core social dimensions in health behaviour, provide a common lexicon to discuss relational constructs in psychological theories, amalgamate the disparate social constructs literature and identify opportunities for further research to advance theory development and interventions.

Exercise and nature exposure are independently recognised for their positive relationship with health, but their combined effects are not fully understood. The present review summarises the evidence that compares physiological and perceptual differences of a single bout of exercise performed outdoors versus indoors. Nine databases were searched for articles published before March 2021 which utilised controlled designs to assess at least one physiological outcome during or after a single acute bout of outdoor exercise. When appropriate, quantitative analyses were completed. Quality of articles was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The findings of 38 articles (Total N = 1168) were examined. Participants were primarily healthy. Summarised outcomes included objective exercise intensity, perceived exertion, performance, neuroendocrine and metabolic responses, cardiovascular responses, thermoregulation, enjoyment, intention for future exercise, and perceptions of the environment. Outdoor environments increased enjoyment (N = 234, K = 10, g = 1.24, 95% CI = [0.59, 1.89], p < 0.001). Findings for remaining outcomes were non-significant or inconclusive and challenging to interpret due to high risk of bias. Overall, outdoor exercise appears to feel more enjoyable than indoor exercise when matched for intensity, with equivocal physiological benefit.

Tobacco use remains one of the most significant preventable public health problems globally and is increasingly concentrated among vulnerable groups, including those with trauma exposure or diagnosed with PTSD. The goal of this systematic review was to update and extend previous reviews. Of the 7224 publications that met the initial criteria, 267 were included in the review. Summary topic areas include conceptual frameworks for the relation between trauma or PTSD and tobacco use; associations between trauma exposure or PTSD and tobacco use; number and type of trauma exposures and tobacco use; PTSD symptoms and tobacco use; Treatment-related studies; and the examination of causal relations. Evidence continues to indicate that individuals exposed to trauma or diagnosed with PTSD are more likely to use tobacco products, more nicotine dependent and less likely to abstain from tobacco even when provided evidence-based treatments than individuals without trauma. The most commonly cited causal association proposed was use of tobacco for self-regulation of negative affect associated with trauma. A small proportion of the studies addressed causality and mechanisms of action. Future work should incorporate methodological approaches and measures from which we can draw causal conclusions and mechanisms to support the development of viable therapeutic targets.

Purpose: Among cancer survivors, mindfulness-based interventions appear promising in decreasing distress for cancer patients, but little attention has been paid to the ultimate mindfulness goal of increasing psychological wellbeing. This meta-analysis aims to summarise and synthesise available evidence concerning the effectiveness of MBIs on positive psychological outcomes reflecting key aspects of psychological wellbeing in heterogeneous cancer patients.

Methods: A literature search of mindfulness-based randomised clinical trials in cancer survivors was conducted across six electronic databases. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Meta-analyses were conducted using R; standardised mean difference (SMD) was used to determine intervention effect. Moderators examined included therapeutic orientation, control group type, treatment modality, treatment target, heterogeneous vs. homogeneous cancer type, and facet of wellbeing.

Results: Thirty-one studies were included (N = 2651). Those who received mindfulness-based interventions reported significantly higher eudaimonic, hedonic, and social wellbeing than respondents in control groups (SMD = 0.599). Interventions were equally effective across therapeutic orientation, control group type, treatment modality and treatment target. There were trend level differences favouring homogeneous cancer diagnosis groups over heterogeneous diagnosis groups.

Conclusion: MBIs provide an effective treatment for increasing psychological wellbeing in cancer survivors. This finding has important implications for clinical practice.

Individuals frequently update their beliefs and behaviours based on observation of others' experience. While often adaptive, social learning can contribute to the development of negative health expectations, leading to worsened health outcomes, a phenomenon known as the nocebo effect. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined: whether social learning is sufficient to induce the nocebo effect, how it compares to other forms of induction (classical conditioning and explicit instruction), and factors that influence these effects. The meta-analysis included twenty studies (n = 1388). Social learning showed a medium-large effect size (Hedges' g = .74) relative to no treatment and a to small-medium effect (g = .42) when compared to neutral modelling. The effect of social learning was similar in magnitude to classical conditioning but greater than explicit instruction with a small-medium effect (g = .46). Face-to-face social modelling, longer exposure, higher proportions of female participants and models, and greater observer empathy led to stronger socially-induced nocebo effects. However, further research is essential as only a minority of studies measured important constructs like negative expectancies and state anxiety. Nonetheless, the study highlights social learning as a key pathway for nocebo effects, suggesting it as a target for interventions to reduce the substantial personal and societal burden caused by nocebo effects.