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Ramifications of behavioural complexity for habit conceptualisation, promotion, and measurement. 行为复杂性对习惯概念化、促进和测量的影响。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2060849
L Alison Phillips, Barbara Ann Mullan

Behavioural theories, predictions, and interventions should be relevant to complex, real-world health behaviours and conditions. Habit theory and habit formation interventions show promise for predicting and promoting, respectively, longer-term behaviour change and maintenance than has been attained with theories and interventions focused only on deliberative behavioural factors. However, the concept of habit has largely been treated as uniform across different types of behaviours. In this conceptual review, we contend that the definitional aspects of habit differ at a conceptual level for simple versus more complex behaviours, with ramifications for prediction, promotion, and measurement of habits. Specifically, habits are defined as direct context-response associations learned through repeatedly rewarded responding - but what is meant by 'response' and 'reward' depends upon the complexity of the behaviour. We review literature that suggests (1) responses in complex habits have separable and substitutable components (vs a single and static, unitary component) and (2) rewards for complex habits are necessarily continued and intrinsic (vs temporary and extrinsic, respectively). We discuss some empirical and theoretical questions raised by these issues around behavioural complexity and habit. Lastly, we outline the ramifications of these issues for habit measurement (habit strength and habit formation) via self-report and objective measures.

行为理论、预测和干预措施应与复杂的、现实世界的健康行为和状况相关。习惯理论和习惯形成干预分别显示出预测和促进长期行为改变和维持的希望,而不是只关注慎重行为因素的理论和干预。然而,习惯的概念在很大程度上被认为是跨不同类型行为的统一概念。在这一概念回顾中,我们认为习惯的定义方面在简单行为和更复杂行为的概念层面上有所不同,这对习惯的预测、促进和测量产生了影响。具体来说,习惯被定义为通过反复获得奖励的反应而习得的直接情境-反应关联——但“反应”和“奖励”的含义取决于行为的复杂性。我们回顾了文献,这些文献表明:(1)复杂习惯的反应具有可分离和可替代的成分(相对于单一和静态的单一成分);(2)复杂习惯的奖励必然是持续的和内在的(相对于临时的和外在的)。我们讨论了这些问题围绕行为复杂性和习惯提出的一些经验和理论问题。最后,我们通过自我报告和客观测量概述了这些问题对习惯测量(习惯强度和习惯形成)的影响。
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引用次数: 19
Experiences of psychological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. 神经退行性疾病的心理干预经验:系统综述和专题综合。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2073901
Cathryn Pinto, Adam W A Geraghty, Charlotte McLoughlin, Francesco Pagnini, Lucy Yardley, Laura Dennison

Background: Psychological interventions for managing emotional distress in neurodegenerative diseases are needed, but progressive worsening of symptoms and increasing disability might pose difficulties with engagement. We aimed to synthesise the experiences of engaging with and using psychological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases and identify relevant barriers and facilitators. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in six electronic databases and results were screened. We included qualitative and mixed methods studies reporting patient or caregivers' views or experiences of psychological interventions. Qualitative data were extracted and thematically synthesised. Results: 34 papers were included, covering a range of diseases and interventions. Engagement was facilitated by flexible intervention formats and tailoring to the specific needs of people with neurodegenerative diseases. Interventions were sometimes inaccessible or burdensome because of physical and cognitive symptoms, and the time and effort required for the intervention. Participants' levels of acceptance and readiness often differed and influenced engagement with the intervention. Across different interventions, participants experienced wide-ranging benefits including changes in insight, perspective, self-efficacy, emotions and relationships. Conclusion: Although people with neurodegenerative diseases and caregivers experience benefits from psychological interventions, burden-reducing adaptations and sensitive tailoring to the specific disease context is required to improve acceptability and engagement.

背景:对神经退行性疾病患者的情绪困扰进行心理干预是必要的,但症状的逐渐恶化和残疾的增加可能会给干预带来困难。我们的目的是综合参与和使用神经退行性疾病的心理干预的经验,并确定相关的障碍和促进因素。方法:系统检索6个电子数据库,筛选结果。我们纳入了定性和混合方法研究,报告了患者或护理人员对心理干预的看法或经验。提取定性数据并按主题进行综合。结果:收录论文34篇,涵盖了一系列疾病和干预措施。通过灵活的干预形式和根据神经退行性疾病患者的具体需求进行调整,促进了参与。由于身体和认知症状以及干预所需的时间和精力,干预措施有时难以获得或负担沉重。参与者的接受程度和准备程度往往不同,并影响了对干预的参与。在不同的干预措施中,参与者经历了广泛的好处,包括洞察力、视角、自我效能、情绪和人际关系的变化。结论:尽管神经退行性疾病患者和护理人员从心理干预中获益,但需要减轻负担的适应和针对特定疾病环境的敏感定制,以提高可接受性和参与度。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluating group psychological interventions for mental health in women with infertility undertaking fertility treatment: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. 评估群体心理干预对接受生育治疗的不孕症妇女心理健康的影响:一项系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2058582
Emma Warne, Melissa Oxlad, Talitha Best
ABSTRACT We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature concerning the effectiveness of group psychological interventions in improving anxiety, depression, marital dissatisfaction, fertility quality of life and stress, and pregnancy outcomes of women with infertility, participating in fertility treatment. A search of five databases yielded 1603 studies; 30 articles met inclusion criteria, and computations of effect sizes ensued (Hedges’ g and Odds Ratios (OR)). The total sample comprised 2752 participants, with 1279 participants receiving group intervention and 1473 participants in the comparison group. Group psychological interventions reduced depression (Hgw =  −1.277; 95% CI = [−1.739- −0.815]; p =  0.000), anxiety (Hgw = −1.136, 95% CI [−1.527- −0.744]; p =  0.000), fertility stress (Hgw = −0.250, 95% CI [−0.388- −0.122]; p =  0.000), and marital dissatisfaction (Hgw = −0.938; 95% [CI −1.455- −0.421]; p =  0.000), and pregnancy rates improved (OR = 2.422 95% CI [2.037–2.879]; p = 0.000). No improvement was observed regarding fertility quality of life (Hgw = 0. 144; 95% CI [−0.176- 0.463]; p =  0.379). Our findings highlight that participation in group psychological intervention improved the mental health, fertility stress and pregnancy rates of women with infertility.
摘要我们对已发表的关于群体心理干预在改善不孕不育妇女参加生育治疗的焦虑、抑郁、婚姻不满、生育生活质量和压力以及妊娠结局方面的有效性的文献进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。对5个数据库的搜索得到了1603项研究;30篇文章符合纳入标准,然后计算效应大小(对冲系数g和比值比(OR))。样本总数为2752人,其中实验组干预1279人,对照组干预1473人。群体心理干预减少抑郁(Hgw = -1.277;95% ci = [-1.739- -0.815];p = 0.000),焦虑(Hgw = -1.136, 95% CI (-1.527 - -0.744);p = 0.000),生育压力(Hgw = -0.250, 95% CI (-0.388 - -0.122);p = 0.000)、婚姻不满意度(Hgw = -0.938;95% [ci -1.455- -0.421];p = 0.000),妊娠率提高(OR = 2.422 95% CI [2.037 ~ 2.879];p = 0.000)。生育生活质量未见改善(Hgw = 0)。144;95% ci [-0.176- 0.463];P = 0.379)。我们的研究结果强调,参与群体心理干预改善了不孕妇女的心理健康、生育压力和怀孕率。
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引用次数: 4
Diagnostic uncertainty in patients, parents, and physicians: a compensatory control theory perspective. 诊断的不确定性在病人,家长和医生:代偿控制理论的观点。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2086899
Ashley McKoane, David K Sherman

Medical diagnoses offer a structure by which psychological uncertainty can be attenuated, allowing patients to diminish psychological threats and focus on health prognosis. Yet when no diagnosis can be made, patients may experience diagnostic uncertainty - perceiving the medical field as unable to provide an accurate explanation of the cause of their health problems. This review examines the psychological threat that diagnostic uncertainty imposes on individuals' need for control and understanding, and the resulting consequences experienced by patients, parents of pediatric patients, and physicians. Using compensatory control theory as a framework, we propose a taxonomy of behaviors that people may adopt in order to regain control in the face of diagnostic uncertainty and to reaffirm that the world is not random and chaotic. To manage diagnostic uncertainty, people may bolster their personal agency, affiliate with external systems they see as acting in their interest, affirm clear connections between behaviors and outcomes, and affirm nonspecific epistemic structure. Diagnostic uncertainty is approached from the perspectives of patients, parents of pediatric patients, and physicians, demonstrating how each group responds in order to maintain a sense that the world has structure and is not random. Discussion centers on moderators, limitations, and implications for clinical practice.

医学诊断提供了一种结构,通过这种结构可以减轻心理上的不确定性,使患者减少心理威胁,并将重点放在健康预后上。然而,当无法做出诊断时,患者可能会经历诊断的不确定性——认为医学领域无法对其健康问题的原因提供准确的解释。本综述探讨了诊断不确定性对个体控制和理解需求的心理威胁,以及患者、儿科患者家长和医生所经历的后果。以补偿控制理论为框架,我们提出了一种行为分类,人们在面对诊断不确定性时可能采取的行为分类,以重新获得控制,并重申世界不是随机和混乱的。为了管理诊断的不确定性,人们可能会加强他们的个人能动性,与他们认为符合他们利益的外部系统联系在一起,肯定行为和结果之间的明确联系,并肯定非特定的认知结构。诊断的不确定性是从患者、儿科患者的父母和医生的角度来探讨的,展示了每一组如何反应,以保持世界有结构而不是随机的感觉。讨论集中在调节,限制和临床实践的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Habit and habitual behaviour. 习惯和习惯行为。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2105249
Benjamin Gardner, Phillippa Lally
Writing in 1899, William James observed that ‘ninety-nine hundredths or, possibly, nine hundred and ninety-nine thousandths of our activity is purely automatic and habitual’ (James, 1899, pp. 65–66). Nearly 125 years later, the concept of habit continues to stimulate important research regarding the most useful definition of habit, and how to harness habit to understand, predict, and change health-related behaviour (e.g., Gardner, 2015; Verplanken, 2018; Wood & Runger, 2016). Phillips and Mullan (2022) offer a thoughtful synthesis of theory and evidence regarding how habit can be applied to complex health behaviours. Their review addresses an important question that habit researchers are often asked: how credible is it to propose that learned cue-behaviour associations can underpin and sustain complicated real-world health behaviours? Drawing on a definition of complex behaviour as that which involves separable components and a greater number of subactions (or ‘steps’), Phillips and Mullan address this question by suggesting that the same concept – i.e., habit – can underpin both simple and complex behaviours. Significantly however, they argue that ‘complex habits’ should be theorised differently to ‘simple habits’, to better recognise the multiple components of complex habits and the rewards that Phillips and Mullan suggest are needed for complex habits to form. In this commentary, we expand discussion of two areas of Phillips and Mullan’s argument. First, we debate aspects of the definition of habit. Second, we highlight the importance of distinguishing between ‘habit’ and ‘habitual behaviour’ when considering behavioural complexity. We argue that conceptualisations of key terms have important implications for understanding, measuring and changing habit and habitual behaviour.
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引用次数: 4
Childhood cancer survivors' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to physical activity: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence using the theoretical domains framework. 儿童癌症幸存者对身体活动障碍和促进因素的看法:使用理论领域框架对定性证据进行系统审查和专题综合。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2032795
Morven C Brown, Mary Podmore, Vera Araújo-Soares, Roderick Skinner, Linda Sharp

Physical activity (PA) is recommended for childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). However, many CCSs have low levels of activity. This review aimed to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative research evidence on the barriers and facilitators to PA from the perspective of CCSs. Six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus) were searched to identify qualitative data on PA gathered from CCSs diagnosed ≤18 years of age and who had completed active treatment. An inductive thematic synthesis was undertaken to identify descriptive themes relating to barriers and facilitators to PA, before mapping these onto the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methodological quality was assessed using CASP, and confidence in review findings was assessed using the GRADE-CERQual approach. Eight original studies were eligible. A total of 45 descriptive themes (29 facilitators and 16 barriers) were mapped onto nine domains of the TDF; they were most commonly mapped onto the Environmental Context and Resources (n = 13 descriptive themes) and the Social Influences (n = 13) domains. Study quality was variable and overall confidence in review findings was low. Conclusive/strong evidence for the barriers and facilitators to PA is lacking, highlighting the need for further research on the perceived influences on PA in CCSs. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42019147829.

建议儿童癌症幸存者(CCSs)进行身体活动(PA)。然而,许多CCSs的活动水平很低。本综述旨在系统地识别、评价和综合有关cccs视角下PA障碍和促进因素的定性研究证据。我们检索了六个数据库(MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus和Scopus),以确定从诊断为≤18岁并完成积极治疗的CCSs收集的PA定性数据。在将这些主题映射到理论领域框架(TDF)之前,进行了归纳主题综合,以确定与PA障碍和促进因素相关的描述性主题。使用CASP评估方法学质量,使用GRADE-CERQual方法评估综述结果的可信度。8项原始研究符合条件。共有45个描述性主题(29个促进因素和16个障碍)被映射到TDF的9个领域;它们最常被映射到环境背景和资源(n = 13个描述性主题)和社会影响(n = 13)领域。研究质量是可变的,综述结果的总体可信度很低。缺乏关于PA障碍和促进因素的结论性/强有力的证据,这突出表明需要进一步研究CCSs中对PA的感知影响。普洛斯彼罗注册号:CRD42019147829。
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引用次数: 11
Cultural and societal motivations for being informal caregivers: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. 成为非正式照顾者的文化和社会动机:定性系统回顾和综合。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2032259
Mikołaj Zarzycki, Val Morrison, Eva Bei, Diane Seddon

ABSTRACTInformal caregiving constitutes the mainstay of a society's care supply. Motivations for caring and continuing to provide care are crucial to understanding the nature of caregiver experiences and their relationship with the person/people they support. This systematic review of qualitative evidence examines determinants of motivations and willingness to provide informal care. One hundred and five qualitative studies published before August 2019 and fitting the inclusion criteria were identified, 84 of them pertaining to cultural and societal motivations for caregiving. Grounded theory-based, thematic synthesis was conducted. Cultural and societal factors strongly underpinned motivations and willingness for informal caregiving. The main cultural motives for caregiving were cultural values and beliefs encompassing the ethnocultural context of the caregiving role, culture-specific norms, cultural and spiritual beliefs, illness beliefs and socialisation. Societal norms and perceived expectations, such as gendered roles, norms and expectations of caregiving, and perceptions of health and social care services further shaped caregiver motivations and willingness to provide care. These meta-synthesis findings contribute towards novel understandings about the cultural and societal aspects shaping informal care provision. These findings bear important implications for theory, research, policy and practice; all of which contributing to the issue of the sustainability of informal care from a 'macro' perspective.

【摘要】正规护理是社会护理供给的主体。照顾和继续提供照顾的动机对于理解照顾者经历的本质以及他们与他们所支持的人/人的关系至关重要。本文对定性证据进行了系统回顾,探讨了提供非正式护理的动机和意愿的决定因素。确定了2019年8月之前发表的105项符合纳入标准的定性研究,其中84项与护理的文化和社会动机有关。以理论为基础,进行专题综合。文化和社会因素有力地支持了非正式照料的动机和意愿。照顾的主要文化动机是文化价值观和信仰,包括照顾角色的民族文化背景、特定文化规范、文化和精神信仰、疾病信仰和社会化。社会规范和感知的期望,如性别角色、照护的规范和期望,以及对保健和社会照护服务的看法,进一步塑造了照护者提供照护的动机和意愿。这些综合研究结果有助于对形成非正式护理提供的文化和社会方面的新理解。这些发现对理论、研究、政策和实践具有重要意义;从“宏观”角度来看,所有这些都有助于非正式护理的可持续性问题。
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引用次数: 25
How and why could smiling influence physical health? A conceptual review. 微笑如何以及为什么会影响身体健康?概念回顾。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2052740
Marie P Cross, Amanda M Acevedo, Kate A Leger, Sarah D Pressman

ABSTRACTSmiling has been a topic of interest to psychologists for decades, with a myriad of studies tying this behavior to well-being. Despite this, we know surprisingly little about the nature of the connections between smiling and physical health. We review the literature connecting both naturally occurring smiles and experimentally manipulated smiles to physical health and health-relevant outcomes. This work is discussed in the context of existing affect and health-relevant theoretical models that help explain the connection between smiling and physical health including the facial feedback hypothesis, the undoing hypothesis, the generalized unsafety theory of stress, and polyvagal theory. We also describe a number of plausible pathways, some new and relatively untested, through which smiling may influence physical health such as trait or state positive affect, social relationships, stress buffering, and the oculocardiac reflex. Finally, we provide a discussion of possible future directions, including the importance of cultural variation and replication. Although this field is still in its infancy, the findings from both naturally occurring smile studies and experimentally manipulated smile studies consistently suggest that smiling may have a number of health-relevant benefits including beneficially impacting our physiology during acute stress, improved stress recovery, and reduced illness over time.

几十年来,微笑一直是心理学家感兴趣的话题,无数的研究将这种行为与幸福联系起来。尽管如此,我们对微笑和身体健康之间联系的本质知之甚少。我们回顾了将自然微笑和实验操纵的微笑与身体健康和健康相关结果联系起来的文献。本研究在现有的情感和健康相关理论模型的背景下进行了讨论,这些理论模型有助于解释微笑与身体健康之间的联系,包括面部反馈假说、撤消假说、压力的广义不安全理论和多迷走神经理论。我们还描述了一些看似合理的途径,其中一些是新的和相对未经测试的,通过这些途径,微笑可能会影响身体健康,如性格或状态的积极影响、社会关系、压力缓冲和心眼反射。最后,我们提供了一个可能的未来方向的讨论,包括文化变异和复制的重要性。尽管这一领域仍处于起步阶段,但自然发生的微笑研究和实验操纵的微笑研究的结果一致表明,微笑可能有许多与健康相关的好处,包括在急性压力下对我们的生理产生有益的影响,改善压力恢复,随着时间的推移减少疾病。
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引用次数: 1
Fear of progression in chronic illnesses other than cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of a transdiagnostic construct. 对癌症以外的慢性疾病进展的恐惧:一项跨诊断结构的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2039744
Louise Sharpe, M Michalowski, B Richmond, R E Menzies, J Shaw

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most common psychosocial issue amongst cancer survivors. However, fear of progression (FoP) has rarely been studied outside of the cancer context. This review aimed to: (1) meta-synthesise qualitative studies of FoP in illnesses other than cancer; and (2) quantify the relationship between FoP and anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in non-cancer chronic illnesses. We identified 25 qualitative and 11 quantitative studies in a range of chronic illnesses. Participants described fears of progression and recurrence of their illness, including fears of dying, and fears of becoming a burden to family. Fears were often triggered by downward comparison (i.e., seeing people worse off than themselves). Participants coped in different ways, including by accepting the illness or seeking knowledge. Those for whom these fears caused distress reported hypervigilance to physical symptoms and avoidance. Distress, and seeking information, were associated with adherence. In quantitative analyses, FoP was moderately associated with QoL, and strongly associated with anxiety and depression. These results suggest that FoP in illnesses other than cancer is similar to FCR. FoP appears to be an important transdiagnostic construct associated with distress. Evidence-based FCR interventions could be adapted to better manage FoP in other illnesses.

癌症复发恐惧(FCR)是癌症幸存者最常见的心理问题。然而,进展恐惧(FoP)很少在癌症背景之外进行研究。本综述旨在:(1)对肿瘤以外疾病中FoP的meta综合定性研究;(2)量化非癌症慢性疾病患者的FoP与焦虑、抑郁和生活质量(QoL)的关系。我们在一系列慢性疾病中确定了25项定性研究和11项定量研究。参与者描述了对疾病进展和复发的恐惧,包括对死亡的恐惧,以及对成为家庭负担的恐惧。恐惧通常是由向下的比较引发的(例如,看到别人比自己差)。参与者以不同的方式应对,包括接受疾病或寻求知识。那些对这些恐惧造成痛苦的人报告了对身体症状的高度警惕和回避。痛苦和寻求信息与依从性有关。在定量分析中,FoP与生活质量中度相关,与焦虑和抑郁密切相关。这些结果表明,在癌症以外的疾病中,FoP与FCR相似。FoP似乎是一个与痛苦相关的重要的跨诊断结构。基于证据的FCR干预措施可以适应于更好地管理其他疾病的FoP。
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引用次数: 13
The (over)use of SMART goals for physical activity promotion: A narrative review and critique. (过度)使用SMART目标促进体育活动:一个叙述性的回顾和批评。
IF 9.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.2023608
Christian Swann, Patricia C Jackman, Alex Lawrence, Rebecca M Hawkins, Scott G Goddard, Ollie Williamson, Matthew J Schweickle, Stewart A Vella, Simon Rosenbaum, Panteleimon Ekkekakis

The SMART acronym (e.g., Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timebound) is a highly prominent strategy for setting physical activity goals. While it is intuitive, and its practical value has been recognised, the scientific underpinnings of the SMART acronym are less clear. Therefore, we aimed to narratively review and critically examine the scientific underpinnings of the SMART acronym and its application in physical activity promotion. Specifically, our review suggests that the SMART acronym: is not based on scientific theory; is not consistent with empirical evidence; does not consider what type of goal is set; is not applied consistently; is lacking detailed guidance; has redundancy in its criteria; is not being used as originally intended; and has a risk of potentially harmful effects. These issues are likely leading to sub-optimal outcomes, confusion, and inconsistency. Recommendations are provided to guide the field towards better practice and, ultimately, more effective goal setting interventions to help individuals become physically active.

SMART首字母缩略词(例如,具体的,可测量的,可实现的,现实的,有时限的)是制定体育活动目标的一个非常重要的策略。虽然它是直观的,其实用价值已得到认可,但SMART首字母缩略词的科学基础尚不清楚。因此,我们旨在叙述性地回顾和批判性地研究SMART首字母缩略词的科学基础及其在体育活动促进中的应用。具体来说,我们的综述表明,SMART的首字母缩略词:不是基于科学理论;不符合经验证据的;不考虑设定什么样的目标;不一致地应用;缺乏详细的指导;在它的标准中有冗余;未按原计划使用;并且有潜在有害影响的风险。这些问题很可能导致次优结果、混乱和不一致。提出了建议,以指导该领域采取更好的做法,并最终采取更有效的目标设定干预措施,帮助个人进行身体活动。
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引用次数: 22
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