Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231221804
Hsing-Hua Stella Chang, Gary Knight, C. Fong
When expanding abroad, small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) experience various constraints, especially the liabilities of small size and foreignness. In this study, we examine postures, capabilities, and strategies related to international brand marketing that help SMEs overcome such challenges, establish a brand presence, and attain superior performance in foreign markets. Framing our investigation in the internationalization and capabilities views, we employ multimethod approaches in a two-phase study among internationalizing SMEs based in Taiwan. In phase one, we undertake an extensive literature review and then conduct case studies to formulate a conceptual model. In phase two, we validate the model and associated hypotheses using survey data from a large sample of SMEs that target their products to markets worldwide. Results point to critical roles for these key constructs — international entrepreneurial orientation, international social media capability, and international market knowledge capability — as key antecedents to international branding capability and international brand strategy, in SME international performance. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings, highlighting the role of the critical constructs identified above in driving superior international performance in resource-constrained SMEs.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Marketing Capabilities, Strategy, and Performance in the International SME","authors":"Hsing-Hua Stella Chang, Gary Knight, C. Fong","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231221804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231221804","url":null,"abstract":"When expanding abroad, small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) experience various constraints, especially the liabilities of small size and foreignness. In this study, we examine postures, capabilities, and strategies related to international brand marketing that help SMEs overcome such challenges, establish a brand presence, and attain superior performance in foreign markets. Framing our investigation in the internationalization and capabilities views, we employ multimethod approaches in a two-phase study among internationalizing SMEs based in Taiwan. In phase one, we undertake an extensive literature review and then conduct case studies to formulate a conceptual model. In phase two, we validate the model and associated hypotheses using survey data from a large sample of SMEs that target their products to markets worldwide. Results point to critical roles for these key constructs — international entrepreneurial orientation, international social media capability, and international market knowledge capability — as key antecedents to international branding capability and international brand strategy, in SME international performance. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings, highlighting the role of the critical constructs identified above in driving superior international performance in resource-constrained SMEs.","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"34 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231216409
Majid Abdi, Preet S. Aulakh, Zicheng Ma
Firms are often encouraged to collaborate to draw on local partners’ expertise and insider status during internationalization. We argue that the appropriateness of alliances during international expansion depends on the type of exploratory search a firm pursues. During internationalization, firms engage with novelty in two distinct, yet often conflated, domains: institutional and product. We posit that firms’ novelty-seeking in these two domains engages homegrown knowledge structures in contrasting capacities, which alters the conduciveness of local partnerships as a mechanism of internationalization. While reliance on local partnerships enhances the performance outcomes of institutional exploration, performance-enhancing product exploration requires internalized governance arrangements. Based on the export operations of firms from three emerging economies, the empirical results support our theorized relationships.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Exploratory search and international performance: when do local alliances matter?","authors":"Majid Abdi, Preet S. Aulakh, Zicheng Ma","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231216409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231216409","url":null,"abstract":"Firms are often encouraged to collaborate to draw on local partners’ expertise and insider status during internationalization. We argue that the appropriateness of alliances during international expansion depends on the type of exploratory search a firm pursues. During internationalization, firms engage with novelty in two distinct, yet often conflated, domains: institutional and product. We posit that firms’ novelty-seeking in these two domains engages homegrown knowledge structures in contrasting capacities, which alters the conduciveness of local partnerships as a mechanism of internationalization. While reliance on local partnerships enhances the performance outcomes of institutional exploration, performance-enhancing product exploration requires internalized governance arrangements. Based on the export operations of firms from three emerging economies, the empirical results support our theorized relationships.","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231214160
Maximilian Friess, Roland Kassemeier
Although price increases are common in business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) markets, research examining the consequences of price increases on financial performance outcomes in B2B contexts is scarce. This study takes a relationship perspective on price increases and examines how a portfolio price increase affects the financial performance of the customer relationship and whether and how this effect varies between international business customers from different cultures. Based on objective data from 966 international B2B customers of a chemical goods company, this study examines a large-scale field intervention. Results show that higher portfolio price increases, although rooted in an increase of upstream costs, have more severe harm to B2B customers’ sales revenue than lower portfolio price increases. These consequences vary with customers’ cultures as B2B customers with culture-specific communal norms are more susceptible to the magnitude of portfolio price increases than customers without such norms. International B2B companies, therefore, need to refrain from implementing uniform price increases and should consider their business customers’ cultural origin when designing and implementing price increases.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Price increases and their Financial Consequences in International Business-To-Business Selling","authors":"Maximilian Friess, Roland Kassemeier","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231214160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231214160","url":null,"abstract":"Although price increases are common in business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) markets, research examining the consequences of price increases on financial performance outcomes in B2B contexts is scarce. This study takes a relationship perspective on price increases and examines how a portfolio price increase affects the financial performance of the customer relationship and whether and how this effect varies between international business customers from different cultures. Based on objective data from 966 international B2B customers of a chemical goods company, this study examines a large-scale field intervention. Results show that higher portfolio price increases, although rooted in an increase of upstream costs, have more severe harm to B2B customers’ sales revenue than lower portfolio price increases. These consequences vary with customers’ cultures as B2B customers with culture-specific communal norms are more susceptible to the magnitude of portfolio price increases than customers without such norms. International B2B companies, therefore, need to refrain from implementing uniform price increases and should consider their business customers’ cultural origin when designing and implementing price increases.","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"273 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231214233
Mine Aksoy, Mustafa K. Yilmaz, Ismail Golgeci, Ekrem Tatoglu, Metin Canci, Atike Elanur Hızarcı
Growing global environmental and social issues have imposed increased pressure on firms to address sustainability challenges in international markets, with a particular focus on improving their export performance. This is of significant importance for emerging market firms aiming to expand their presence in international markets, as they are compelled to bolster their environmental and social sustainability capacity to enhance their export intensity. This study delves into the relationship between corporate sustainability and export intensity through a longitudinal examination of 141 firms listed on Borsa Istanbul from 2014 to 2021. The results suggest that corporate sustainability positively influences export intensity, and this influence is further positively moderated by R&D intensity. Additionally, post-hoc analysis employing supplementary data pertaining to the environmental, social, and governance dimensions of corporate sustainability reveals that environmental performance plays a positive role in shaping export intensity, with R&D intensity positively moderating this relationship. In summary, our findings underscore that exporting firms that effectively integrate impactful R&D intensity into their international business operations are likely to harness their sustainability strategies, particularly those related to the natural environment, to achieve higher export intensity.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Untangling the influence of corporate sustainability on export intensity: the moderating role of R&D intensity","authors":"Mine Aksoy, Mustafa K. Yilmaz, Ismail Golgeci, Ekrem Tatoglu, Metin Canci, Atike Elanur Hızarcı","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231214233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231214233","url":null,"abstract":"Growing global environmental and social issues have imposed increased pressure on firms to address sustainability challenges in international markets, with a particular focus on improving their export performance. This is of significant importance for emerging market firms aiming to expand their presence in international markets, as they are compelled to bolster their environmental and social sustainability capacity to enhance their export intensity. This study delves into the relationship between corporate sustainability and export intensity through a longitudinal examination of 141 firms listed on Borsa Istanbul from 2014 to 2021. The results suggest that corporate sustainability positively influences export intensity, and this influence is further positively moderated by R&D intensity. Additionally, post-hoc analysis employing supplementary data pertaining to the environmental, social, and governance dimensions of corporate sustainability reveals that environmental performance plays a positive role in shaping export intensity, with R&D intensity positively moderating this relationship. In summary, our findings underscore that exporting firms that effectively integrate impactful R&D intensity into their international business operations are likely to harness their sustainability strategies, particularly those related to the natural environment, to achieve higher export intensity.","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"204 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231212859
Mark Cleveland
Accompanying the rising ethnic diversity of Western countries is a burgeoning number of mixed-ethnic unions and people with mixed-ethnic ancestry. These people do not fit neatly into one group or another. This ambiguity is compounded by the fact that their ethnic identity is affected by how they are perceived and labeled by others. Theories have been advanced to explain ethnic identity, and its corollaries for cognition, emotions, and consumer behaviors. However, aside from a handful of ethnographic studies, knowledge about how social identity for mixed-ethnic consumers is formed and shaped, and how it potentially affects consumer dispositions, remains largely uncharted. Using data gathered in three countries (Canada, USA, UK), and considering various ethnic mixture combinations, this paper presents the development and validation of a multidimensional scale for measuring mixed-ethnic identity (MEI) and examines the relationships of the thirteen MEI components to consumer dispositions used to segment domestic and international markets. The consistency of the relationships between the MEI components and the established consumer dispositions are scrutinized. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Within and between Two Worlds: Conceiving, Measuring, and Applying Mixed-ethnic Identity in Three Countries","authors":"Mark Cleveland","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231212859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231212859","url":null,"abstract":"Accompanying the rising ethnic diversity of Western countries is a burgeoning number of mixed-ethnic unions and people with mixed-ethnic ancestry. These people do not fit neatly into one group or another. This ambiguity is compounded by the fact that their ethnic identity is affected by how they are perceived and labeled by others. Theories have been advanced to explain ethnic identity, and its corollaries for cognition, emotions, and consumer behaviors. However, aside from a handful of ethnographic studies, knowledge about how social identity for mixed-ethnic consumers is formed and shaped, and how it potentially affects consumer dispositions, remains largely uncharted. Using data gathered in three countries (Canada, USA, UK), and considering various ethnic mixture combinations, this paper presents the development and validation of a multidimensional scale for measuring mixed-ethnic identity (MEI) and examines the relationships of the thirteen MEI components to consumer dispositions used to segment domestic and international markets. The consistency of the relationships between the MEI components and the established consumer dispositions are scrutinized. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"56 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231212414
Konstantinos Poulis
Marketing products/services internationally implies a bold decision; one that has high-cost implications and significant performance consequences: Should we standardize or adapt our marketing strategy across borders? The dilemma is a seminal and, perhaps, the most enduring issue in international marketing scholarship. However, despite the voluminous work, an ontological assumption induces inconclusive conceptualizations and impedes further theoretical advancement. The author contends that a self-contained, atomistic representation of the standardization/adaptation decision is such an impediment. Namely, this work problematizes a portrayal of the decision as if it is taken following a ‘detached’, own judgement of broad environmental contingencies. In turn, the study builds on fit literature and promotes an alternative perspective; one that acknowledges relational imperatives for requisite theorizing. Hence, standardization/adaptation is framed as a co-constituted process towards relational fit with international marketing strategies being contingent on the role of significant ‘others.’
{"title":"EXPRESS: Standardization and Adaptation as a Co-Constituted Process: The Pursuit of Relational Fit in International Markets","authors":"Konstantinos Poulis","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231212414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231212414","url":null,"abstract":"Marketing products/services internationally implies a bold decision; one that has high-cost implications and significant performance consequences: Should we standardize or adapt our marketing strategy across borders? The dilemma is a seminal and, perhaps, the most enduring issue in international marketing scholarship. However, despite the voluminous work, an ontological assumption induces inconclusive conceptualizations and impedes further theoretical advancement. The author contends that a self-contained, atomistic representation of the standardization/adaptation decision is such an impediment. Namely, this work problematizes a portrayal of the decision as if it is taken following a ‘detached’, own judgement of broad environmental contingencies. In turn, the study builds on fit literature and promotes an alternative perspective; one that acknowledges relational imperatives for requisite theorizing. Hence, standardization/adaptation is framed as a co-constituted process towards relational fit with international marketing strategies being contingent on the role of significant ‘others.’","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231207591
Ye Yu, Jason Lu Jin, Meitong Dong, Kevin Zheng Zhou
Although rapid technological development has resulted in the proliferation of digital platforms, there is limited understanding of these platforms’ roles in international markets. Drawing on the information economics perspective, the authors investigate whether live streaming, as an emerging platform-based function, enables foreign sellers to enhance their sales performance in host markets. Using a unique longitudinal data set from a business-to-customer digital platform in China, the authors find that live streaming use is positively associated with international seller sales performance. This positive effect is stronger when cultural distance is higher. Moreover, the influence becomes stronger when product price is higher, while the effect is weaker for name-brand products than for non-name-brand products. These findings provide rich insights on the role of digitalization to the international marketing literature.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Live Streaming Use and International Seller Sales Performance: An Information Economics Perspective","authors":"Ye Yu, Jason Lu Jin, Meitong Dong, Kevin Zheng Zhou","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231207591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231207591","url":null,"abstract":"Although rapid technological development has resulted in the proliferation of digital platforms, there is limited understanding of these platforms’ roles in international markets. Drawing on the information economics perspective, the authors investigate whether live streaming, as an emerging platform-based function, enables foreign sellers to enhance their sales performance in host markets. Using a unique longitudinal data set from a business-to-customer digital platform in China, the authors find that live streaming use is positively associated with international seller sales performance. This positive effect is stronger when cultural distance is higher. Moreover, the influence becomes stronger when product price is higher, while the effect is weaker for name-brand products than for non-name-brand products. These findings provide rich insights on the role of digitalization to the international marketing literature.","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salespeople are increasingly required to navigate an international environment - having international customers or international peers. However, much remains to be learned about how salespeople are utilizing social media in an international context. This multi-method, multi-study design contributes to international sales research by showing how business-to-business (B2B) salespeople use social media whether they are in a multinational or local firm. With a social capital lens, the authors explore the importance of social media in regards to strengthening salespeople’s internal and external connections in an international context. In Study 1, with 131 B2B salespeople, salespeople use social media to develop customer relations (i.e., external connections) to engage in positive publicity and social media advocacy, ultimately leading to sales performance. Specifically, social media advocacy enhances sales performance only for salespeople in multinationals. In Study 2, with twenty-three qualitative interviews, the authors contextualize the findings of Study 1 by comparing social media use amongst salespeople in MNEs and local firms. The basis of the exploration involves internal and external connections with the three dimensions of social capital: structural, relational, and cognitive. The authors demonstrate that internal connections with peers on social media allows for increased knowledge transfer and other benefits.
{"title":"EXPRESS: An Inquiry into Effective Salesperson Social Media Use in Multinational vs. Local Firms","authors":"Laurianne Schmitt, Rhett Epler, Casenave Eric, Pallud Jessie","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231207050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231207050","url":null,"abstract":"Salespeople are increasingly required to navigate an international environment - having international customers or international peers. However, much remains to be learned about how salespeople are utilizing social media in an international context. This multi-method, multi-study design contributes to international sales research by showing how business-to-business (B2B) salespeople use social media whether they are in a multinational or local firm. With a social capital lens, the authors explore the importance of social media in regards to strengthening salespeople’s internal and external connections in an international context. In Study 1, with 131 B2B salespeople, salespeople use social media to develop customer relations (i.e., external connections) to engage in positive publicity and social media advocacy, ultimately leading to sales performance. Specifically, social media advocacy enhances sales performance only for salespeople in multinationals. In Study 2, with twenty-three qualitative interviews, the authors contextualize the findings of Study 1 by comparing social media use amongst salespeople in MNEs and local firms. The basis of the exploration involves internal and external connections with the three dimensions of social capital: structural, relational, and cognitive. The authors demonstrate that internal connections with peers on social media allows for increased knowledge transfer and other benefits.","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135244579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231205255
Nathalie Spielmann, Christopher Williams, Ajay K. Kohli
We introduce the construct of terroir branding—distinct from country-of-origin effects and place branding—to explain how, in regions such as Champagne, France (wines), Biella, Italy (wool), and Vuelta Abajo, Cuba (cigars), competing local firms develop global brands while being engaged in responsible actions that influence the brand perceptions in the global marketplace. Terroir brands have three critical features: placial distinctiveness, craftsmanship specificity, and processing traditionalism. Terroir branding integrates firm-owned host brands with a collective regional brand. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV), coopetition theory, and the concept of moral engagement, we identify a virtuous circle of local collective efficacy that supports the location and enables a terroir brand to be seen by global markets as being responsibly sustained. We also identify a vicious circle through moral disengagement that can lead global markets to perceive terroir brands as irresponsibly sustained. We identify hazards such as host-brand strength variability, rival set stability, locational ownership, and competitor concentration. Finally, we highlight the importance of local terroir branding using a broad spectrum of place-based characteristics and identify conditions under which terroir branding benefits an individual brand and the wider collective of brands, while sustaining the location.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Local Roots and Global Responsibility: Terroir Brands and their Responsible Engagement","authors":"Nathalie Spielmann, Christopher Williams, Ajay K. Kohli","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231205255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231205255","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce the construct of terroir branding—distinct from country-of-origin effects and place branding—to explain how, in regions such as Champagne, France (wines), Biella, Italy (wool), and Vuelta Abajo, Cuba (cigars), competing local firms develop global brands while being engaged in responsible actions that influence the brand perceptions in the global marketplace. Terroir brands have three critical features: placial distinctiveness, craftsmanship specificity, and processing traditionalism. Terroir branding integrates firm-owned host brands with a collective regional brand. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV), coopetition theory, and the concept of moral engagement, we identify a virtuous circle of local collective efficacy that supports the location and enables a terroir brand to be seen by global markets as being responsibly sustained. We also identify a vicious circle through moral disengagement that can lead global markets to perceive terroir brands as irresponsibly sustained. We identify hazards such as host-brand strength variability, rival set stability, locational ownership, and competitor concentration. Finally, we highlight the importance of local terroir branding using a broad spectrum of place-based characteristics and identify conditions under which terroir branding benefits an individual brand and the wider collective of brands, while sustaining the location.","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135107673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1177/1069031x231201362
Aaron R. Brough, Bernadette Kamleitner, Kelly D. Martin
{"title":"Physical and Digital Privacy: How Developed and Developing Countries Differ in Both Vulnerability and Protection","authors":"Aaron R. Brough, Bernadette Kamleitner, Kelly D. Martin","doi":"10.1177/1069031x231201362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031x231201362","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Marketing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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