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Organizational Readiness and Response During COVID-19: Reflections From a Sexual Assault Agency Serving a Predominately African American Community. COVID-19 期间的组织准备和响应:服务于以非洲裔美国人为主的社区的性侵犯机构的反思。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0240
Rebecca Campbell, Katie Gregory, Rachael Goodman-Williams, Jasmine Engleton, McKenzie Javorka

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced victim service organizations to establish new service provision protocols to include remote/telehealth services. We conducted N = 12 qualitative interviews with sexual assault advocates working in an urban agency in a predominately African American U.S. city to understand how they adapted services to meet the needs of their community. A thematic analysis revealed this organization was under-prepared for prolonged interruption of in-person services. Even though this agency was able to create telehealth options, many clients did not have the financial and technological resources to utilize these services. Advocates reported that survivors expressed a strong preference for in-person services, which afford more privacy and confidentiality. The pervasive digital divide within this urban community limited survivors' access to comprehensive services and jeopardized their safety.

2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行迫使受害者服务机构制定新的服务提供协议,其中包括远程/远程医疗服务。我们对美国一个以非洲裔美国人为主的城市机构中的性侵犯倡导者进行了 N = 12 次定性访谈,以了解他们如何调整服务以满足社区需求。专题分析表明,该机构对长期中断面对面服务准备不足。尽管该机构能够创建远程保健选项,但许多客户并不具备利用这些服务的经济和技术资源。倡导者报告说,幸存者表示强烈倾向于亲身服务,因为亲身服务能提供更多的隐私和保密性。这个城市社区普遍存在的数字鸿沟限制了幸存者获得全面服务的机会,并危及他们的安全。
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引用次数: 0
Violent Victimization During Childhood in the United States: Associations With Revictimization and Health. 美国儿童时期的暴力受害:与再受害和健康的关系。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2022-0165
Kathleen C Basile, Jieru Chen, Sharon G Smith, Heather B Clayton, Thomas R Simon, James A Mercy

Childhood violence victimization is a serious adverse childhood experience with lasting health impacts. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of five forms of childhood violence victimization and their association with revictimization and negative health conditions among adults. Data are from the 2010-2012 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey. Age at first victimization and perpetrator sex were assessed; adjusted odds ratios assessed associations with revictimization and health. Ages 14-17 were the most common age at first victimization for most violence types; almost half of male (46.7%) and a quarter of female (27.0%) rape victims reported first victimization before age 10. Most victimization was associated with revictimization and negative health, controlling for adult victimization. Primary prevention of childhood violence may reduce later health risks.

儿童暴力受害是一种严重的不良儿童经历,对健康产生持久影响。这项研究调查了五种形式的儿童暴力受害的流行率和特征,以及它们与成年人再次受害和负面健康状况的关系。数据来自2010-2012年全国亲密伴侣和性暴力调查。对初次受害的年龄和犯罪者的性别进行了评估;调整后的比值比评估了与再次感染和健康的关系。14-17岁是大多数暴力类型第一次受害的最常见年龄;近一半的男性(46.7%)和四分之一的女性(27.0%)强奸受害者报告在10岁之前首次受害。大多数受害与再次受害和负面健康有关,控制了成人受害。对儿童暴力的初级预防可以降低以后的健康风险。
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引用次数: 0
Formal and Informal Services Used by Women Who Suffer Intimate Partner Violence in Spain. 西班牙遭受亲密伴侣暴力的妇女使用的正规和非正规服务。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2022-0026
Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres, María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego, Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz, Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca, José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera, Pablo Jesús López-Soto

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health problem. Female victims of IPV do not always use the institutional resources available to them. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish 2014 Macro-Survey on Violence Against Women. The findings show that 15% of the survey participants suffered from IPV in the last year. The factors associated with a higher probability of suffering IPV are being of non-Spanish nationality, being a student, having a low-educational level, having no income, being the household head, and not having a current partner. Regarding the resources used by women subjected to IPV, almost half resorted to informal sources, such as female friends and/or their own mothers. The use of formal resources was low. Therefore, IPV continues to be a problem in Spain that seems to remain in the private domain. Consequently, it is necessary to increase the availability of and access to legal resources.

亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)是一个重要的公共健康问题。IPV 的女性受害者并不总能利用机构提供的资源。我们利用西班牙 2014 年 "暴力侵害妇女行为宏观调查 "的数据开展了一项横断面研究。调查结果显示,15% 的调查参与者在去年遭受过 IPV。与遭受 IPV 的可能性较高相关的因素包括:非西班牙国籍、学生、受教育程度低、无收入、户主以及没有现任伴侣。关于遭受 IPV 的妇女所使用的资源,近一半的妇女求助于非正式渠道,如女性朋友和/或自己的 母亲。正式资源的使用率很低。由此可见,在西班牙,家庭暴力仍然是一个似乎属于私人领域的问题。因此,有必要增加法律资源的提供和利用。
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引用次数: 0
(Un)Acknowledgment of Men as Victims of Intimate Partner Violence. 承认男子是亲密伴侣暴力的受害者。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2022-0022
Andreia Machado, Anita Santos, Marlene Matos

Some victims of interpersonal violence do not acknowledge or label their experience as criminal. This study aims to explore men's experiences as victims of intimate partner violence and identify the key elements that contribute to their (un)acknowledgment and needs. We interviewed 10 Portuguese male victims in heterosexual relationships who requested formal help. A thematic analysis was performed using NVivo 11. Social gender discourses and expectations prevented men from acknowledging their intimate victimization and created barriers to seeking help. Participants struggled to achieve the social status of the victim and to gain access to intervention measures. These findings reflect the invisibility and insufficient social awareness of intimate partner violence against men and enhance our understanding of the need of those men.

一些人际暴力的受害者不承认他们的经历或将其列为犯罪。本研究旨在探讨男性作为亲密伴侣暴力受害者的经历,并确定有助于他们(不)承认和需求的关键因素。我们采访了10位请求正式帮助的葡萄牙异性恋男性受害者。使用NVivo 11进行专题分析。社会性别话语和期望阻止男子承认他们的亲密受害,并造成寻求帮助的障碍。与会者努力争取受害者的社会地位,争取获得干预措施。这些发现反映了亲密伴侣暴力侵害男性的不可见性和社会意识不足,并增强了我们对这些男性需求的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Social Reactions and Trauma Symptoms Among Gender and Sexual Minority Students Disclosing Sexual Violence. 披露性暴力的性别和性少数学生的社会反应和创伤症状
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0072
Ariane Labonté, Geneviève Paquette, Alexa Martin-Storey, Manon Bergeron

Addressing the higher rates of sexual violence experienced by gender and sexual minority students in university contexts requires an understanding of responses to disclosures of sexual violence. Using data from a large-scale study of sexual violence in university contexts, the current study examined (1) whether gender and sexual minority status was associated with responses to sexual violence disclosure and (2) how disclosure responses were associated with trauma symptoms among these students. Linear regression indicated that university students' (n = 1,464) reports of responses to disclosures of sexual violence did not differ across gender or sexual minority status. Focusing on gender and sexual minority participants (n = 327), linear regression linked turning against the victim and positive responses to higher levels of trauma symptoms.

要解决大学环境中性别和性少数群体学生遭受的更高比例的性暴力问题,需要了解对性暴力披露的反应。利用一项大规模大学性暴力研究的数据,本研究检验了(1)性别和性少数地位是否与性暴力披露的反应有关,(2)这些学生的披露反应如何与创伤症状有关。线性回归表明,大学生(n = 1464)对性暴力披露的反应报告在性别或性少数群体中没有差异。重点关注性别和性少数参与者(n = 327),线性回归将转向受害者与对较高程度创伤症状的积极反应联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Can Attitudes Serve as Proxies for Behavioral Outcomes of Dating Violence Prevention Programs? Broader Lessons From a Pilot Evaluation of the Relationship Education Project. 态度可以作为约会暴力预防项目的行为结果的代理吗?从关系教育项目试点评估中获得的更广泛的经验教训。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0099
Heather Hensman Kettrey, Amanda Moon Callahan

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a prevalent problem in the United States. Although research indicates that prevention programs have favorable effects on TDV knowledge/attitudes, there is limited evidence of meaningful effects on behavior. This is important, as researchers often measure the former as a proxy for the latter. The present study uses pre-posttest data from students participating in the Relationship Education Project, a TDV prevention program implemented in 19 middle and high schools in South Carolina, to examine associations between changes in TDV attitudes and TDV behavior. Findings indicate favorable changes in attitudes toward controlling and supportive dating behaviors were associated with lower incidents of some TDV behaviors. Implications for measuring TDV program effects and preventing TDV by fostering attitude change are discussed.

青少年约会暴力(TDV)在美国是一个普遍的问题。尽管研究表明预防计划对TDV知识/态度有积极影响,但对行为有意义的影响的证据有限。这一点很重要,因为研究人员经常用前者来衡量后者。本研究使用了参与关系教育项目(一项在南卡罗来纳州19所初中和高中实施的TDV预防项目)的学生的测试前和测试后数据,以检验TDV态度变化与TDV行为之间的关系。研究结果表明,对控制性和支持性约会行为态度的积极改变与某些TDV行为的发生率降低有关。讨论了通过促进态度改变来衡量TDV计划效果和预防TDV的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Internalized Heterosexism and Exposed Psychological Intimate Partner Violence: Experiences of Lesbian and Bisexual Women in Turkey and Denmark. 内化的异性恋和暴露的亲密伴侣暴力心理:土耳其和丹麦女同性恋和双性恋妇女的经历》。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0128
Esra Ummak, Ezgi Toplu-Demirtaş, Ayşegül Aracı-İyiaydın

The current study investigates how associations between internalized heterosexism (IH) and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization differ for lesbian vs. bisexual (LB) women in Denmark, where queer people are relatively well accepted, and Turkey, where discrimination is still very high. The first purpose of the current study is to explore differences in the prevalence of psychological IPV victimization as a function of sexual orientation (LB women) and country (Denmark and Turkey). As the second purpose, we look at the moderating role of sexual orientation and moderated moderating role of country on the association between IH and psychological IPV victimization. A sample of 257 LB women aged 18-71 years (M = 33.23, SD = 11.15) from Denmark and 152 LB women aged 18-52 years (M = 28.88, SD = 7.70) from Turkey participated. The results of chi-square analyses indicate that LB women from Turkey reported significantly higher psychological IPV victimization than LB women from Denmark. Lesbian than bisexual women from both countries reported more hostile withdrawal and dominance/intimidation-related psychological IPV victimization. The results of moderated moderation analyses reveal that lesbian women in Turkey and bisexual women in Denmark with higher IH were more likely to report experiencing denigration acts. Mental health professionals working with queer psychological IPV survivors may benefit from understanding that IH is associated with LB women's victimization of psychological IPV, which might be further associated with mental health challenges.

在丹麦和土耳其,前者对同性恋者的接受程度相对较高,而后者对同性恋者的歧视仍然很严重。本研究调查了在这两个国家中,同性恋与双性恋(LB)女性的内化异性恋主义(IH)和亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)受害心理之间的关联有何不同。本研究的第一个目的是探讨 IPV 心理受害的流行率与性取向(女同性恋)和国家(丹麦和土耳其)的差异。第二个目的是研究性倾向的调节作用和国家对 IH 与心理 IPV 受害者之间关系的调节作用。丹麦和土耳其分别有 257 名年龄在 18-71 岁和 152 名年龄在 18-52 岁的浐灞女性(男=33.23,女=11.15)和浐灞女性(男=28.88,女=7.70)参与了研究。卡方分析结果表明,土耳其女同性恋者报告的心理 IPV 受害程度明显高于丹麦女同性恋者。两国女同性恋报告的敌意退缩和支配/恐吓相关的 IPV 心理受害程度均高于双性恋妇女。调节适度分析的结果显示,IH 较高的土耳其女同性恋和丹麦双性恋妇女更有可能报告遭受过诋毁行为。心理健康专业人员在处理同性恋心理 IPV 幸存者时,如果能了解 IH 与女同性恋遭受心理 IPV 相关,并可能进一步与心理健康挑战相关联,可能会从中受益。
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引用次数: 0
Relative Effects of Sexual Assault and Temperament Traits on Cognitive Characteristics of Histrionic Personality Disorder. 性侵犯与气质特质对表演型人格障碍认知特征的相对影响。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0149
Matthew M Yalch, Anika Mehta, Kayleigh N Watters, Sindes Dawood, Hans S Schroder

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a common and problematic form of personality pathology involving excessive attention-seeking, often through overly sexualized means. Much of the research on HPD has involved the association between HPD characteristics and basic temperament traits. Given the sometimes hypersexualized presentation of HPD, another potential influence on HPD characteristics may be exposure to sexual assault. However, there is little research on the association between sexual assault and HPD in general or with respect to temperament traits in particular. In this study, we examine the relative associations of sexual assault and temperament traits with the cognitive characteristics of HPD in a large sample of college students (N = 965) using a Bayesian approach to the analysis of covariance. Results suggest that sexual assault is associated with HPD cognitive characteristics over and above the robust influence of temperament traits. The study findings have implications for future research on and clinical intervention with people with HPD.

表演型人格障碍(HPD)是一种常见的、有问题的人格病理学形式,涉及过度寻求关注,通常通过过度性化的手段。许多关于HPD的研究都涉及到HPD特征与基本气质特征之间的联系。考虑到火奴鲁鲁警局有时表现出过度的性行为,另一个对火奴鲁鲁警局特征的潜在影响可能是遭受性侵犯。然而,关于性侵犯和火奴鲁鲁警局之间的联系的研究很少,特别是关于气质特征的研究。本研究以965名大学生为研究对象,采用贝叶斯协方差分析方法,探讨了性侵犯、气质特征与HPD认知特征之间的相关关系。结果表明,性侵犯与HPD认知特征的关系超过了气质特征的强大影响。该研究结果对HPD患者的未来研究和临床干预具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of Police Response on Intimate Partner Violence Victims' Social, Emotional, and Physical Well-Being: Results From the National Crime Victimization Survey. 警察反应对亲密伴侣暴力受害者的社会、情感和身体健康的影响:来自全国犯罪受害调查的结果。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0080
Rayna E Gasik, Deborah N Pearlman, Samantha R Rosenthal, Shira Dunsiger

This study examined whether police involvement in intimate partner violence (IPV) incidents is associated with victims' socio-emotional problems, and emotional and physical toll symptoms for 1 month or longer post-victimization. Data from the 2010-2019 National Crime Victimization Survey suggest that police investigational effort, later contact with the police, suffering severe injury during victimization, and repeated victimization were positively associated with experiencing socio-emotional problems. Later contact with police and severe injury were positively associated with both emotional and physical toll symptoms, while the female sex was positively associated with emotional toll symptoms. The arrest of the abuser was negatively associated with physical toll symptoms. Findings highlight the need for policies and practices in response to IPV that consider the diverse needs of survivors of partner abuse to help reduce IPV-related trauma.

本研究调查了警察参与亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)事件是否与受害者的社会情感问题以及受害后1个月或更长时间内的情感和身体伤害症状有关。2010-2019年全国犯罪受害调查的数据表明,警察的调查努力、后来与警察的接触、在受害过程中遭受严重伤害以及反复受害与经历社会情感问题呈正相关。后来与警察接触和严重受伤与情绪和身体伤害症状呈正相关,而女性与情绪伤害症状呈正相关。施虐者被捕与身体伤害症状呈负相关。调查结果强调,需要制定政策和做法来应对IPV,考虑伴侣虐待幸存者的各种需求,以帮助减少IPV相关的创伤。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnoracial Differences in Past Year Victimization Rates for a National Sample of Gender and Sexual Minority Adolescents. 全国性别和性少数群体青少年过去一年受害率的种族差异。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0125
Rachel E Gartner, Darren L Whitfield, Paul R Sterzing

Little research exists on victimization for gender and sexual minority adolescents (GSMA) of color. This study identifies differences in past year rates across six victimization types for GSMA by ethnoracial identification. Descriptive analyses were conducted on 1,177 GSMA (14-19 years old), with victimization types stratified by ethnoracial identification and multiple logit regression was used to identify differences. Compared to White (non-Hispanic) peers, Black (non-Hispanic) GSMA reported lower victimization rates across multiple categories with two exceptions. Higher rates of racially biased physical assault were noted among Black (non-Hispanic) and bi/multi-ethnoracial GSMA. Higher rates of witnessing community violence were reported by Black (non-Hispanic), bi/multi-ethnoracial, and Latinx GSMA. To address GSMA's needs, we need to understand the differential risk so that our interventions are responsive to the diversity within this community.

关于有色人种性别和性少数青少年(GSMA)受害的研究很少。本研究通过种族识别确定了过去一年GSMA六种受害类型的差异。对1177名14-19岁的GSMA学生进行描述性分析,采用种族识别分层和多元logistic回归分析受害类型差异。与白人(非西班牙裔)相比,黑人(非西班牙裔)GSMA报告的受害率在多个类别中都较低,但有两个例外。在黑人(非西班牙裔)和双性/多种族GSMA中发现了更高的种族偏见性身体攻击率。黑人(非西班牙裔)、双性/多种族和拉丁裔GSMA报告的社区暴力目击率较高。为了满足GSMA的需求,我们需要了解不同的风险,以便我们的干预措施能够响应该社区的多样性。
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引用次数: 0
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Violence and Victims
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