Violence and Victims最新文献

Previous research has explored the potential role of romantic jealousy in the use of technology to facilitate cyber dating abuse against romantic partners. In this study, we examine the multidimensional nature of romantic jealousy and the mediating role of self-esteem in the perpetration of cyber dating abuse. While much of the existing literature treats cyber dating abuse as a single construct, we propose a more nuanced understanding by distinguishing between psychological cyber dating abuse and relational cyber dating abuse. We collected data via a series of online questionnaires with participants from the UK (N = 496). Our findings indicate that both cognitive jealousy and behavioral jealousy are significant predictors of psychological and relational cyber dating abuse. Notably, cognitive jealousy moderates the relationship between behavioral jealousy and the perpetration of cyber dating abuse. Furthermore, low self-esteem mediates the relationship between high cognitive jealousy and psychological cyber dating abuse. These findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting the role of multidimensional romantic jealousy in the context of psychological and relational cyber dating abuse. The findings have practical implications for policy development, therapeutic interventions, and strategies aimed at understanding and mitigating the perpetration of cyber dating abuse among young adults in the UK.

This study examines the relationship between two types of cyberabuse-cyberharassment and cyberstalking-and constructs from the lifestyle-routine activity approach relating to the visibility and accessibility of victims (targets) online. Data were collected from 185 university students in New Zealand via an online survey. Descriptive statistics shows that cyberabuse victimization experiences in the previous year were common, but respondents only reported associated feelings of fear or distress for half of these experiences. Findings indicated that using dating apps is associated with an increased risk of cyberharassment, and including details of other social network accounts in a user profile is associated with an increased risk of cyberstalking. Interestingly, demographic characteristics did not correlate with victimization. Overall, this research underscores the importance of differentiating between cyberharassment and cyberstalking to inform prevention activities.

Cybervictimization can occur within friendships, within dating, peer, or family relationships, between strangers, or it can be anonymously perpetrated. However, research examining cybervictimization across these various relationships and contexts-especially the cybervictimization that can occur within dating relationships during early adolescence-remains underdeveloped. The current study examined cybervictimization among a sample of early adolescents in middle school. We also examined if cybervictimization (across relationships and contexts) and traditional forms of victimization (i.e., peer and dating violence that happen offline) were associated with an increased risk for cybervictimization from a dating partner. Participants included 554 early adolescents (49% female) in the sixth and seventh grades at a public middle school in the Midwestern United States during the fall of 2019. Participants were racially diverse (33% African American or Black, 26% White, 15% Hispanic or Latinx, 19% multiracial) and half of the sample had started dating (n = 230). Approximately 59.2% of the sample experienced at least one form of cybervictimization in the past year. Adolescents experienced cybervictimization from friends (39.9%), someone at school (24.4%), a stranger (22.6%), a family member (25.6%), or another perpetrator (20.8%). About 72% of adolescents who started dating experienced at least one form of cybervictimization and about one in four experienced cybervictimization from a dating partner (22.6%). Experiencing offline dating violence and cybervictimization from friends was associated with cybervictimization from a dating partner. Implications are discussed, including the importance of focusing on cybervictimization and dating violence prevention among early adolescents.

Comprehensive and inclusive dating abuse prevention is hindered by a lack of research on proximal antecedents of cyber dating abuse (CDA) among lesbian, gay, bi-/pansexual, queer, and other nonheterosexual (LGBQ+) young adults. Guided by sexual minority stress and alcohol-related violence theories, we addressed this gap by examining whether (a) alcohol use preceded and was positively related to CDA perpetration and (b) more frequent LGBQ+-based discrimination strengthened this association. LGBQ+ college students (N = 41; 75.6% women, 22% men, and 2.4% transgender/nonbinary) completed baseline assessments of past-year LGBQ+-specific discrimination (hostility, heterosexist harassment, and incivility) followed by daily assessments of alcohol use and CDA for 60 days. Multilevel modeling revealed that participants were less likely to perpetrate CDA on days when they consumed more alcohol than usual (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = .49, p < .001). Individuals who experienced more frequent hostility (aOR = .63, p < .001) and incivility (aOR = .88, p = .003) were less likely to perpetrate CDA. No other main effects or alcohol × discrimination interactions emerged. Alcohol may not be a proximal antecedent of LGBQ+ college students' CDA. Daily assessments of discrimination and couple-level coping may help clarify the role of LGBQ+-specific discrimination in CDA.

Cyberbullying is a pervasive issue among U.S. undergraduates, yet limited research exists on the impact on their college success and development. Using a framework focused on identifying actionable findings, 341 peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2022 were screened to present a systematic review of 51 articles (n = 51) on cyberbullying and online harassment to summarize the trends in the existing literature and note gaps in foci. The results synthesize how students wish university administrators would prevent and respond to cyberbullying. This review concludes by offering critiques of the field's oversampling of White, traditionally aged college students and recommendations in an effort to advance the understanding of how cyberbullying affects all college students.

Over the past few years, there has been a growing awareness of the extent and consequences of sexual assault. Sexual assault has long-term consequences for the survivor's mental health and brings into question the resources available to survivors for dealing with the consequences of the assault. The positive effects of spirituality and forgiveness on mental health are well documented; however, few studies have examined how sexual assault survivors use spiritual beliefs and forgiveness to cope with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stress symptoms. Social support is another resource that has been found to contribute substantially to positive adaptation among trauma survivors. Nevertheless, conflicting results were found regarding the effect of social support on the recovery of sexual assault survivors. Since these resources have a significant impact on individuals who have experienced trauma, the purpose of this study was to examine how these resources relate to the levels of PTSD symptoms and general stress among female survivors of sexual assault. Two hundred and four (N = 204) participants completed a demographic questionnaire and questionnaires about forgiveness, social support, spirituality, PTSD symptoms, and stress. Higher levels of forgiveness, spirituality, and social support were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms and stress. A two-step hierarchal regression showed that education, financial status, age at the time of the assault, forgiveness, and social support each contributed significantly to the explained variance of PTSD symptoms. The variability in reported stress could be explained by education, financial status, age at the time of the assault, forgiveness, and spirituality. The study's findings point to the unique roles of forgiveness, spirituality, and social support as beneficial resources for coping with sexual assault. These findings also shed further light on the ways in which these resources can be used to cope with a variety of types of distress.

The aim of the study was to identify salient groupings of trauma survivors based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Latent class analysis was used in 365 outpatient mental health trauma survivors. We identified six classes with two spectra-prominent avoidance and negative alterations in cognitions/mood (NACM)-and a resilient class (a plurality). Sexual assaults were more common among avoidance-prominent classes, and suicide attempts and tobacco problems were more common among NACM-prominent classes. Previous studies have found classes differentiated by numbing, but this is the first since numbing was subsumed by DSM-5's NACM. Our findings suggest that avoidance and numbing are distinct symptoms (consistent with DSM-5) but indicate that current nosology may miss individuals with high numbing and low avoidance despite their distinct suicide risks.

Experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization/survivorship and the health and well-being of Arab American women remain understudied despite a growing U.S. Arab population. This study examines 164 Arab American women in relationships and their experiences with IPV, self-rated physical and mental health, and relationship satisfaction. Analyses revealed three key findings: (a) IPV victimization is negatively associated with self-rated physical health (including composite, injury, and sexual coercion measures) and relationship satisfaction (including composite, injury, physical assault, and sexual coercion measures), but a negative relationship with mental health has only limited support (i.e., injury measure), (b) Christian and Muslim respondents reported overall similar levels of IPV victimization and physical and mental health, and (c) Muslim women reported lower relationship satisfaction, independent from IPV experiences. The findings reaffirm the call for culturally responsive and tailored programming aimed at eradicating or reducing IPV within Arab American communities. Moreover, increasing research on Arab American women can be an important resource for clinicians supporting this community.

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home (SAH) orders on gun violence in New York City (NYC), with a focus on variations across neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Using a 4-year longitudinal and geospatial analysis, we investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors (e.g., poverty, unemployment, and minority presence) and shooting incidents, as well as how SAH orders shaped these trends. A detailed heatmap visualizes the distribution of shooting incidents, revealing concentrations in the Upper Bronx and Central Brooklyn. Hypothesis testing was conducted with a negative binomial regression model using interrupted time series analysis. We found neighborhoods with higher proportions of Black, Hispanic, unemployed, and low-income residents experienced more shootings. Shooting incidents were unusually low at the beginning of the SAH order but increased steadily over time, peaking dramatically after the order was lifted. Unemployment drove a sharp rise in shooting incidents during the SAH period, while poverty contributed to a more sustained impact on violence in the post-SAH period. The findings highlight the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups and the evolving influence of SAH orders on gun violence.

The aim of this study was to describe the extent to which men in psychiatric care have experienced emotional, physical, and sexual abuse during the life course and the association between this experience and being a perpetrator oneself. The aim was also to identify who exposed them to abuse and whether there was an association between the category of abuser and being a perpetrator oneself. A cross-sectional study was performed using the self-administered NorVold Abuse Questionnaire for men. The study included 210 men and showed that there was a significant association between physical abuse both as a child and as an adult and being a perpetrator oneself. There was, furthermore, a significant correlation between having been subjected to physical and emotional family member abuse and being oneself a perpetrator of abuse. This study concludes that experiences of abuse among men in a Swedish psychiatric context can be associated with perpetration of abuse.