Violence and Victims最新文献

With stalking and an escalation of such concerning behaviors being highly present in cases of homicide, the current study uses thematic analysis to locate common and uncommon victim demographics, behavioral risk factors, and issues in policing. Gathered from public media sources, 32 cases of stalking that resulted in murder or attempted murder of the victim were examined regardless of jurisdiction or background factors. Females, aged 25 years and below, were most at risk of stalking-homicide conducted by a male perpetrator with whom they held a previous intimate relationship. Common themes within the demographics and behavioral risk factors were developed into a proposed risk factor checklist, while the issues in policing highlighted space for development in the investigation of stalking victims and stalking-homicide cases.

This brief review proposes a set of empirically based recommendations for the development and implementation of screening measures for intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault (SA) in campus health settings. We synthesize the current literature on IPV/SA screening practices on college campuses. Given the limited research available on this topic, we also draw on work related to IPV screeners in general health care settings and campus climate surveys. There is limited research on IPV/SA screening practices for college campuses. Findings indicate that IPV/SA screening practices are rare and inconsistent in student health care settings. In addition, there are methodological limitations regarding the utility of general population screeners in college health settings. Recommendations for IPV college screeners are provided and address administration, content, and organizational structure.

Domestic violence is a devastatingly pervasive global issue. It endangers women's rights to live a decent life and affects women physically, psychologically, sexually, and economically. The present article is an attempt to systematically study the mental health issues (like anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder) among women victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence is a phenomenon of high prevalence among women, and its impact on their mental health needs further research. This systematic review identifies 35 studies through a search of the research databases on the impact of domestic violence on the mental health of women. Studies showed greater evidence that women victims of domestic violence have developed mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The type of exposure and the victim's time frame or exposure period determine how serious the violence is. The victim's reaction to domestic abuse and its mitigating effect will also be taken into consideration.

Over the past few years, there has been a growing awareness of the extent and consequences of sexual assault. Sexual assault has long-term consequences for the survivor's mental health and brings into question the resources available to survivors for dealing with the consequences of the assault. The positive effects of spirituality and forgiveness on mental health are well documented; however, few studies have examined how sexual assault survivors use spiritual beliefs and forgiveness to cope with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stress symptoms. Social support is another resource that has been found to contribute substantially to positive adaptation among trauma survivors. Nevertheless, conflicting results were found regarding the effect of social support on the recovery of sexual assault survivors. Since these resources have a significant impact on individuals who have experienced trauma, the purpose of this study was to examine how these resources relate to the levels of PTSD symptoms and general stress among female survivors of sexual assault. Two hundred and four (N = 204) participants completed a demographic questionnaire and questionnaires about forgiveness, social support, spirituality, PTSD symptoms, and stress. Higher levels of forgiveness, spirituality, and social support were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms and stress. A two-step hierarchal regression showed that education, financial status, age at the time of the assault, forgiveness, and social support each contributed significantly to the explained variance of PTSD symptoms. The variability in reported stress could be explained by education, financial status, age at the time of the assault, forgiveness, and spirituality. The study's findings point to the unique roles of forgiveness, spirituality, and social support as beneficial resources for coping with sexual assault. These findings also shed further light on the ways in which these resources can be used to cope with a variety of types of distress.

The aim of the study was to identify salient groupings of trauma survivors based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Latent class analysis was used in 365 outpatient mental health trauma survivors. We identified six classes with two spectra-prominent avoidance and negative alterations in cognitions/mood (NACM)-and a resilient class (a plurality). Sexual assaults were more common among avoidance-prominent classes, and suicide attempts and tobacco problems were more common among NACM-prominent classes. Previous studies have found classes differentiated by numbing, but this is the first since numbing was subsumed by DSM-5's NACM. Our findings suggest that avoidance and numbing are distinct symptoms (consistent with DSM-5) but indicate that current nosology may miss individuals with high numbing and low avoidance despite their distinct suicide risks.

Experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization/survivorship and the health and well-being of Arab American women remain understudied despite a growing U.S. Arab population. This study examines 164 Arab American women in relationships and their experiences with IPV, self-rated physical and mental health, and relationship satisfaction. Analyses revealed three key findings: (a) IPV victimization is negatively associated with self-rated physical health (including composite, injury, and sexual coercion measures) and relationship satisfaction (including composite, injury, physical assault, and sexual coercion measures), but a negative relationship with mental health has only limited support (i.e., injury measure), (b) Christian and Muslim respondents reported overall similar levels of IPV victimization and physical and mental health, and (c) Muslim women reported lower relationship satisfaction, independent from IPV experiences. The findings reaffirm the call for culturally responsive and tailored programming aimed at eradicating or reducing IPV within Arab American communities. Moreover, increasing research on Arab American women can be an important resource for clinicians supporting this community.

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home (SAH) orders on gun violence in New York City (NYC), with a focus on variations across neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Using a 4-year longitudinal and geospatial analysis, we investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors (e.g., poverty, unemployment, and minority presence) and shooting incidents, as well as how SAH orders shaped these trends. A detailed heatmap visualizes the distribution of shooting incidents, revealing concentrations in the Upper Bronx and Central Brooklyn. Hypothesis testing was conducted with a negative binomial regression model using interrupted time series analysis. We found neighborhoods with higher proportions of Black, Hispanic, unemployed, and low-income residents experienced more shootings. Shooting incidents were unusually low at the beginning of the SAH order but increased steadily over time, peaking dramatically after the order was lifted. Unemployment drove a sharp rise in shooting incidents during the SAH period, while poverty contributed to a more sustained impact on violence in the post-SAH period. The findings highlight the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups and the evolving influence of SAH orders on gun violence.

The aim of this study was to describe the extent to which men in psychiatric care have experienced emotional, physical, and sexual abuse during the life course and the association between this experience and being a perpetrator oneself. The aim was also to identify who exposed them to abuse and whether there was an association between the category of abuser and being a perpetrator oneself. A cross-sectional study was performed using the self-administered NorVold Abuse Questionnaire for men. The study included 210 men and showed that there was a significant association between physical abuse both as a child and as an adult and being a perpetrator oneself. There was, furthermore, a significant correlation between having been subjected to physical and emotional family member abuse and being oneself a perpetrator of abuse. This study concludes that experiences of abuse among men in a Swedish psychiatric context can be associated with perpetration of abuse.

Various physical, mental, and behavioral disorders are reported among individuals who witness violence. This study was designed to examine university students' risky health behaviors after witnessing domestic violence. In this study, 2,509 university students, selected using the stratified sampling method in terms of sex and study year, were included. Path analysis was performed to examine the relationships between sociodemographic variables and risky health behaviors. We found that witnessing domestic violence directly increased substance abuse and alcohol consumption in the entire study population and partner violence among female participants. By adding the variable of witnessing domestic violence to the equation as a mediator, the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on risky health behaviors changed.

Mass-shooting events are of increasing public and scholarly concern in the United States. While research into the causes of these events and possibilities for prevention is growing, our knowledge of the impacts of mass shootings on survivors is limited. This brief report examines current research on mass-shooting victimization and proposes how adjacent literature can assist in developing a broader knowledge base.