Violence and Victims最新文献

Research addressing the link between victimization experiences and fear of crime finds that intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is also of consequence, with victims of IPV being more fearful than non-IPV victims. Though research on the IPV-fear link is plentiful, there is an absence of focusing exclusively on crime victims. The focus of this research is on the potential differential effects of IPV and other types of victimization on victims' fear and if it delineates to gender differences in victimization type and victim fear. This study uses the National Crime Victimization Survey data to examine whether IPV victims display higher levels of fear compared to victims of other relationship types and whether these relationships hold for males and females. Results indicate that IPV victimization does have a positive relationship with fear and that the effect is evident among females but not males.

Military sexual trauma (MST) refers to sexual assault or harassment experienced during military service. Given the high prevalence of MST and negative mental and physical health outcomes that result from MST, Veterans Health Administration has identified a national priority for screening and treatment. An understanding of socioecological contexts of Veterans who seek mental health treatment to address difficulties following MST will support a holistic approach to care. Accordingly, this study contrasted socioecological contexts of Veteran men and women (N = 579) seeking mental health treatment related to MST exposure. Veteran men and women were compared in acknowledgment of systemic gender differences in access to resources. Results revealed Veteran women more frequently endorsed sufficient financial resources, presence of support systems, and desire for additional peer relationships compared with Veteran men. Greater clarity about socioecological contexts of Veterans increases clinicians' abilities to problem-solve for barriers to treatment and reduces gender-related disparities in our understanding of Veterans' needs following MST.

Sexist attitudes are a risk factor for favorable attitude toward dating violence and dating violence experiences. Culture impacts how individuals express and address sexism, as well as perceive violence in intimate relationships. This study explores differences in sexist attitudes and attitude toward dating violence across adolescents in rural and urban Poland and the United States. Poland and the United States share similarities in their cultural contexts (e.g., higher income, low gender equity for high-income countries), yet differences still exist (e.g., historical). A quantitative design was used to collect survey data from 256 Polish adolescents and 208 U.S. adolescents. Data were analyzed using three-way multivariate analysis of variance and multigroup structural equation modeling. The results revealed that adolescents in Poland have stronger sexist attitudes, particularly in rural areas. Additionally, sexist attitudes are significantly related to attitudes toward dating violence in both Poland and the United States. The results inform prevention and intervention efforts that can target sexist attitudes and relationship health among adolescents in Poland and the United States in both rural and urban contexts.

Previous research has explored the potential role of romantic jealousy in the use of technology to facilitate cyber dating abuse against romantic partners. In this study, we examine the multidimensional nature of romantic jealousy and the mediating role of self-esteem in the perpetration of cyber dating abuse. While much of the existing literature treats cyber dating abuse as a single construct, we propose a more nuanced understanding by distinguishing between psychological cyber dating abuse and relational cyber dating abuse. We collected data via a series of online questionnaires with participants from the UK (N = 496). Our findings indicate that both cognitive jealousy and behavioral jealousy are significant predictors of psychological and relational cyber dating abuse. Notably, cognitive jealousy moderates the relationship between behavioral jealousy and the perpetration of cyber dating abuse. Furthermore, low self-esteem mediates the relationship between high cognitive jealousy and psychological cyber dating abuse. These findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting the role of multidimensional romantic jealousy in the context of psychological and relational cyber dating abuse. The findings have practical implications for policy development, therapeutic interventions, and strategies aimed at understanding and mitigating the perpetration of cyber dating abuse among young adults in the UK.

This study examines the relationship between two types of cyberabuse-cyberharassment and cyberstalking-and constructs from the lifestyle-routine activity approach relating to the visibility and accessibility of victims (targets) online. Data were collected from 185 university students in New Zealand via an online survey. Descriptive statistics shows that cyberabuse victimization experiences in the previous year were common, but respondents only reported associated feelings of fear or distress for half of these experiences. Findings indicated that using dating apps is associated with an increased risk of cyberharassment, and including details of other social network accounts in a user profile is associated with an increased risk of cyberstalking. Interestingly, demographic characteristics did not correlate with victimization. Overall, this research underscores the importance of differentiating between cyberharassment and cyberstalking to inform prevention activities.

Cybervictimization can occur within friendships, within dating, peer, or family relationships, between strangers, or it can be anonymously perpetrated. However, research examining cybervictimization across these various relationships and contexts-especially the cybervictimization that can occur within dating relationships during early adolescence-remains underdeveloped. The current study examined cybervictimization among a sample of early adolescents in middle school. We also examined if cybervictimization (across relationships and contexts) and traditional forms of victimization (i.e., peer and dating violence that happen offline) were associated with an increased risk for cybervictimization from a dating partner. Participants included 554 early adolescents (49% female) in the sixth and seventh grades at a public middle school in the Midwestern United States during the fall of 2019. Participants were racially diverse (33% African American or Black, 26% White, 15% Hispanic or Latinx, 19% multiracial) and half of the sample had started dating (n = 230). Approximately 59.2% of the sample experienced at least one form of cybervictimization in the past year. Adolescents experienced cybervictimization from friends (39.9%), someone at school (24.4%), a stranger (22.6%), a family member (25.6%), or another perpetrator (20.8%). About 72% of adolescents who started dating experienced at least one form of cybervictimization and about one in four experienced cybervictimization from a dating partner (22.6%). Experiencing offline dating violence and cybervictimization from friends was associated with cybervictimization from a dating partner. Implications are discussed, including the importance of focusing on cybervictimization and dating violence prevention among early adolescents.

Comprehensive and inclusive dating abuse prevention is hindered by a lack of research on proximal antecedents of cyber dating abuse (CDA) among lesbian, gay, bi-/pansexual, queer, and other nonheterosexual (LGBQ+) young adults. Guided by sexual minority stress and alcohol-related violence theories, we addressed this gap by examining whether (a) alcohol use preceded and was positively related to CDA perpetration and (b) more frequent LGBQ+-based discrimination strengthened this association. LGBQ+ college students (N = 41; 75.6% women, 22% men, and 2.4% transgender/nonbinary) completed baseline assessments of past-year LGBQ+-specific discrimination (hostility, heterosexist harassment, and incivility) followed by daily assessments of alcohol use and CDA for 60 days. Multilevel modeling revealed that participants were less likely to perpetrate CDA on days when they consumed more alcohol than usual (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = .49, p < .001). Individuals who experienced more frequent hostility (aOR = .63, p < .001) and incivility (aOR = .88, p = .003) were less likely to perpetrate CDA. No other main effects or alcohol × discrimination interactions emerged. Alcohol may not be a proximal antecedent of LGBQ+ college students' CDA. Daily assessments of discrimination and couple-level coping may help clarify the role of LGBQ+-specific discrimination in CDA.

Cyberbullying is a pervasive issue among U.S. undergraduates, yet limited research exists on the impact on their college success and development. Using a framework focused on identifying actionable findings, 341 peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2022 were screened to present a systematic review of 51 articles (n = 51) on cyberbullying and online harassment to summarize the trends in the existing literature and note gaps in foci. The results synthesize how students wish university administrators would prevent and respond to cyberbullying. This review concludes by offering critiques of the field's oversampling of White, traditionally aged college students and recommendations in an effort to advance the understanding of how cyberbullying affects all college students.

This study uses data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine geographic variations in the receipt of victim services for victims of violence. Research has long demonstrated that there are differences in victimization risk and who is victimized across different regions and by urbanicity. Examination of these differences when it comes to victim services has not been previously examined on a national level. Findings show that geography does matter in the likelihood of receiving services, especially for victims of serious violence, and even after controlling for other factors related to the use of victim services. The implications of the findings, possible explanations for the geographic differences, limitations of the study, and opportunities for future research are discussed.

Sexual assault (SA) is a prevalent issue that can impact survivors' relationships. Most research has examined the effects of SA on couples, with much less research examining effects on relationships with friends and family. The current study examined correlates of survivors' relationship satisfaction using dyadic survey data (N = 432 matched pairs) from survivors regarding an informal support provider (SP) they told about their most upsetting SA. Several sets of variables were examined including demographic, preassault, relationship, and postassault factors. A composite regression model showed that several variables were significantly related to higher levels of relationship satisfaction with the informal SP told about assault, including the following: identifying as Hispanic or Latina/x ethnicity, having a higher level of education, greater relationship importance, experiencing more positive social support upon disclosure, and being more satisfied with social support from SP. Implications for clinicians and prevention educators are drawn to improve survivor and informal SP well-being following SA.