Violence and Victims最新文献

Adolescents who have high subjective experiences of perceived discrimination (PD) face an elevated risk of being bullied, both of which have been linked to adverse psychosocial outcomes. This study (a) assesses the association between PD and bullying victimization and (b) explores whether teacher support and family functioning moderate the hypothesized PD and bullying victimization relationship. Data are from Hispanic and Somali youth (N = 311, mean age = 15.9 years, standard deviation = 1.5) living in a midwestern city. About 75% of the sample reported some level of PD, and 33% reported bullying victimization. PD was associated with elevated incidence rate ratios of bullying victimization. Teacher support and family functioning were inversely associated with bullying victimization but did not moderate the relationship. These findings highlight the complex nature of social support in the PD and bullying victimization relationship.

Understanding the prevalence and service needs of underserved populations affected by gender-based violence (GBV) is significant, given that their experiences are often underreported, and existing services frequently fall short of addressing their needs effectively. In this study, "underserved populations" is an overarching term referring to groups historically marginalized, underrepresented, and inadequately supported as victims of GBV. The types of services examined in the study include both direct forms, such as shelter and advocacy, and indirect approaches, including systemic interventions and policy reform and advocacy. The study involved 41 survey responses, including advocates, victim shelter staff, case managers for domestic violence victims, law enforcement, and legal professionals in a Midwestern state. The findings have shown significant service disparities, especially in rural areas, due to insufficient funding and support infrastructure. These disparities are exacerbated by factors such as isolated locations, conservative political climates, LGBTQIA+-hostile legislation, and victim-blaming attitudes. To effectively address these service disparities, it is important to improve the accessibility of services in rural areas to ensure victims in a service desert can access the support they need. Furthermore, advocating for comprehensive statewide policies is necessary to create a supportive environment for survivors.

Little is known about women's interest in multiple perpetrator rape (MPR), as most of the literature to date has investigated men. Thus, the aim of the current study was to explore correlates of interest in MPR in women. Loneliness, psychopathy, and anger rumination were hypothesized to be related to an interest in MPR, according to previous work. In a fixed order, participants completed a series of questionnaires on Qualtrics that included the Multiple-Perpetrator Rape Interest Scale (M-PRIS), the UCLA Loneliness Scale: Short-form, the Aggression Questionnaire, the Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire, the Anger Rumination Scale, the Measure for Assessing Subtle Rape Myths, and the Self-Report Psychopathy (SRP-III) Short Form. Descriptive analyses revealed that most of the participants (N = 182) were university educated and married White women. A backward stepwise linear regression indicated that psychopathy, rape myth acceptance, aggression, and deviant sexual fantasies were individually correlated with MPR interest. An in-depth analysis of the M-PRIS showed that 37% of participants had some level of sexual arousal, behavioral propensity, and/or enjoyment of hypothetical scenarios involving rape. Further work is needed to help establish risk factors for MPR interest in women and to assess which risk factors are most predictive of participating in rape.

Undergraduate students in the United States report high rates of sexual harassment (SH) from both peers and faculty and staff. In science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, SH poses a major obstacle to the retention and advancement of women. The role of the perpetrator can impact the consequences of SH (e.g., academic disengagement) and how students respond to the harassment. The current study examined the prevalence of SH perpetrated against undergraduate students majoring in STEM disciplines and whether responses to harassment and student outcomes (i.e., perceptions of academic support, sense of belonging, and college persistence) varied based on the status of the perpetrator (i.e., peer or faculty/staff). Approximately 60% of students in STEM reported SH from peers, compared to 46% from faculty/staff. Survivors of faculty/staff-perpetrated SH were more likely to use internally (e.g., ignoring the SH) rather than externally focused strategies (e.g., reporting the SH, confronting harasser) to respond to the harassment. Although survivors of peer- and faculty/staff-perpetrated SH reported lower perceptions of academic support compared to participants who did not report any SH, survivors of peer-perpetrated SH reported significantly lower sense of belonging and survivors of faculty/staff-perpetrated SH reported significantly lower college persistence. Implications for prevention and response efforts are discussed.

This article analyzes statutes in 37 U.S. states and Washington, DC amended to include companion animals in definitions of domestic violence and to enable their inclusion in protection orders (POs). The findings indicate that while the inclusion of animal abuse in definitions of domestic violence tends to frame their maltreatment in anthropocentric terms-as a vehicle for harming people-the language and consequences of their inclusion in some PO statutes position them as more-than-property, that is, more as subjects than objects. The analysis documents a temporal trend toward offering greater protections over time, greater bipartisan support for the amendments, and a shift from animals-as-property toward sociolegal recognition of their social membership and the ways their well-being is interconnected with that of the people who care for them.

Over recent years, community-based responses to domestic violence against women have become an important topic, and there is growing recognition that domestic violence requires a comprehensive response from agencies across a variety of community sectors. When reaching out for help, female survivors of domestic violence need to have access to a broad range of services, empowering professionals to manage violence against women, and coordinated community responses that promote safety, autonomy, and integration. Since the early 1990s, Portugal has been gradually moving toward a community-based approach to domestic violence against women where local organizations and professionals are major stakeholders of this policy. Besides having had an increased network of services implemented, it is important to examine how prepared service providers are to respond effectively. The current study analyzed how ready professionals in Portugal are to deliver interventions targeting violence against women. A total of 585 professionals from different backgrounds completed a readiness survey. The results revealed that, despite their perceived readiness, professionals are not duly prepared to respond effectively to violence against women. They lack the appropriate knowledge and training to respond effectively to survivors. Hence, further efforts must be made to change professional practices and services to ensure that abuse is recognized, barriers are overcome, and interventions are more effective.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common type of violence committed against women and results in serious personal, familial, social, and economic consequences; thus, there is a need to detect IPV early. One test for detecting IPV is the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST). The objective of the study was to obtain evidence of the validity of the WAST in terms of its internal structure, measurement invariance, convergent validity, clinical validity, and reliability. A total of 670 women who have or have had a heterosexual relationship participated in the study. The first stage included 513 adult women who partook of health services (M _age = 35.5 years, SD _age = 10 years). The second stage included 160 women, 80 diagnosed with IPV (M _age = 34.2 years, SD _age = 11.8 years) and 80 who were not (M _age = 31.8 years, SD _age = 11.5 years). We used multivariate and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. We found evidence that the WAST demonstrates a one-dimensional structure; evidence of measurement invariance regarding cohabitation with the partner, length of the relationship, and age; evidence of convergent validity in terms of correlations with emotional dependence, self-compassion, expressive suppression, anxiety, and depression; and evidence of clinical validity in terms of the high probability of detecting positive cases of IPV. These properties support the use of the WAST for detecting possible cases of IPV, which will allow timely intervention. This instrument can also be used in larger studies on IPV in the Spanish-speaking population.

This qualitative study analyzes victims' narratives of male-on-male child molestation within the Boy Scouts of America. The focus of previous literature on sex crime victims mostly centered on how to avoid sex offenders based on the offenders' behaviors and effective victims' treatment plans to alleviate their posttrauma as a result of sexual abuse. Yet studies have not provided detailed descriptions of when and how to resist sexual advances to children when such incidents are in progress within youth-oriented institutions. Few have examined victim narratives to discover the dynamics of child molestation, such as physical and verbal interactions between the two parties while sexual touching is occurring. The author used victims' narratives to identify how boy victims responded to unwanted sexual advances by scout leaders within the Boy Scouts of America. Based on qualitative-oriented analysis, this study presents verbal and physical resisting patterns of male victims and the effectiveness of such actions in terminating sexual advances. The findings suggest practical and potential intervention strategies so children know how to stop adult perpetrators from developing unwanted touching within youth-centric institutions.

We estimate past-year physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence from early to middle adulthood, examining associations with respondent gender, sexual orientation, and partner gender. We used three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. For each wave, we estimated IPV prevalence, stratified by gender, sexual orientation, and partner gender. Findings indicate that diverse-sexual males and females are more likely to experience IPV compared to heterosexuals. Further, diverse-sexual males are less likely to experience physical and sexual IPV if they have a same-gender partner. In contrast, heterosexual males are more likely to experience physical and sexual IPV if they have same-gender partners. All females were more likely to experience physical and sexual violence if they have different-gender partners.

This study examined adults' memories of childhood exposure to interparental conflict, including support for and closeness to each parent. Closeness and support were explored based on three dimensions: dyadic concordance types of intimate partner violence (father to mother, mother to father, or both), form of violence (verbal or physical), and sex. This study featured 548 Israeli adults who completed a retrospective questionnaire on their parents' interparental violence, their level of support for each parent during conflict, and their closeness to each parent. The results revealed a notable pattern: adolescents exhibited greater support and closeness toward nonviolent parents compared to violent parents, irrespective of the form of violence. Sex differences emerged across types and severity of violence. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.