Violence and Victims最新文献

Comprehensive and inclusive dating abuse prevention is hindered by a lack of research on proximal antecedents of cyber dating abuse (CDA) among lesbian, gay, bi-/pansexual, queer, and other nonheterosexual (LGBQ+) young adults. Guided by sexual minority stress and alcohol-related violence theories, we addressed this gap by examining whether (a) alcohol use preceded and was positively related to CDA perpetration and (b) more frequent LGBQ+-based discrimination strengthened this association. LGBQ+ college students (N = 41; 75.6% women, 22% men, and 2.4% transgender/nonbinary) completed baseline assessments of past-year LGBQ+-specific discrimination (hostility, heterosexist harassment, and incivility) followed by daily assessments of alcohol use and CDA for 60 days. Multilevel modeling revealed that participants were less likely to perpetrate CDA on days when they consumed more alcohol than usual (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = .49, p < .001). Individuals who experienced more frequent hostility (aOR = .63, p < .001) and incivility (aOR = .88, p = .003) were less likely to perpetrate CDA. No other main effects or alcohol × discrimination interactions emerged. Alcohol may not be a proximal antecedent of LGBQ+ college students' CDA. Daily assessments of discrimination and couple-level coping may help clarify the role of LGBQ+-specific discrimination in CDA.

Previous research has explored the potential role of romantic jealousy in the use of technology to facilitate cyber dating abuse against romantic partners. In this study, we examine the multidimensional nature of romantic jealousy and the mediating role of self-esteem in the perpetration of cyber dating abuse. While much of the existing literature treats cyber dating abuse as a single construct, we propose a more nuanced understanding by distinguishing between psychological cyber dating abuse and relational cyber dating abuse. We collected data via a series of online questionnaires with participants from the UK (N = 496). Our findings indicate that both cognitive jealousy and behavioral jealousy are significant predictors of psychological and relational cyber dating abuse. Notably, cognitive jealousy moderates the relationship between behavioral jealousy and the perpetration of cyber dating abuse. Furthermore, low self-esteem mediates the relationship between high cognitive jealousy and psychological cyber dating abuse. These findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting the role of multidimensional romantic jealousy in the context of psychological and relational cyber dating abuse. The findings have practical implications for policy development, therapeutic interventions, and strategies aimed at understanding and mitigating the perpetration of cyber dating abuse among young adults in the UK.

Over the past few years, there has been a growing awareness of the extent and consequences of sexual assault. Sexual assault has long-term consequences for the survivor's mental health and brings into question the resources available to survivors for dealing with the consequences of the assault. The positive effects of spirituality and forgiveness on mental health are well documented; however, few studies have examined how sexual assault survivors use spiritual beliefs and forgiveness to cope with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stress symptoms. Social support is another resource that has been found to contribute substantially to positive adaptation among trauma survivors. Nevertheless, conflicting results were found regarding the effect of social support on the recovery of sexual assault survivors. Since these resources have a significant impact on individuals who have experienced trauma, the purpose of this study was to examine how these resources relate to the levels of PTSD symptoms and general stress among female survivors of sexual assault. Two hundred and four (N = 204) participants completed a demographic questionnaire and questionnaires about forgiveness, social support, spirituality, PTSD symptoms, and stress. Higher levels of forgiveness, spirituality, and social support were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms and stress. A two-step hierarchal regression showed that education, financial status, age at the time of the assault, forgiveness, and social support each contributed significantly to the explained variance of PTSD symptoms. The variability in reported stress could be explained by education, financial status, age at the time of the assault, forgiveness, and spirituality. The study's findings point to the unique roles of forgiveness, spirituality, and social support as beneficial resources for coping with sexual assault. These findings also shed further light on the ways in which these resources can be used to cope with a variety of types of distress.

Experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization/survivorship and the health and well-being of Arab American women remain understudied despite a growing U.S. Arab population. This study examines 164 Arab American women in relationships and their experiences with IPV, self-rated physical and mental health, and relationship satisfaction. Analyses revealed three key findings: (a) IPV victimization is negatively associated with self-rated physical health (including composite, injury, and sexual coercion measures) and relationship satisfaction (including composite, injury, physical assault, and sexual coercion measures), but a negative relationship with mental health has only limited support (i.e., injury measure), (b) Christian and Muslim respondents reported overall similar levels of IPV victimization and physical and mental health, and (c) Muslim women reported lower relationship satisfaction, independent from IPV experiences. The findings reaffirm the call for culturally responsive and tailored programming aimed at eradicating or reducing IPV within Arab American communities. Moreover, increasing research on Arab American women can be an important resource for clinicians supporting this community.

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home (SAH) orders on gun violence in New York City (NYC), with a focus on variations across neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Using a 4-year longitudinal and geospatial analysis, we investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors (e.g., poverty, unemployment, and minority presence) and shooting incidents, as well as how SAH orders shaped these trends. A detailed heatmap visualizes the distribution of shooting incidents, revealing concentrations in the Upper Bronx and Central Brooklyn. Hypothesis testing was conducted with a negative binomial regression model using interrupted time series analysis. We found neighborhoods with higher proportions of Black, Hispanic, unemployed, and low-income residents experienced more shootings. Shooting incidents were unusually low at the begining of the SAH order but increased steadily over time, peaking dramatically after the order were lifted. Unemployment drove a sharp rise in shooting incidents during the SAH period, while poverty contributed to a more sustained impact on violence in the post-SAH period. The findings highlight the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups and the evolving influence of SAH orders on gun violence.

Technology can be leveraged as a tool by perpetrators of interpersonal violence, which requires survivors to consider digital platforms as part of their safety planning processes. To explore how survivors are addressing these safety concerns, we performed secondary, qualitative content analysis of semistructured interviews with college students who used campus-based advocacy services for interpersonal violence. Participants described an array of technology-related safety strategies they implemented to protect themselves across multiple types of digital technologies. As a cohort of the internet age, many college student survivors reported having an extensive "digital footprint" which created challenges in identifying and addressing all possible security concerns. Campus-based advocacy services should integrate technology considerations into their safety planning using a survivor-led, empowerment approach which helps maintain access to digital platforms.

This article examines covictims' campaigns for the demolition of residences tainted by homicide. It takes guidance from scholarship on domicide, the deliberate destruction of home, and theoretical contributions exploring meaning-making in homicide bereavement. It conceptualizes restorative domicide as the deliberate destruction of a residence associated with homicide. Drawing upon open-source data to compose a qualitative case study based in Ontario, Canada, this article locates restorative domicide as a meaning-making strategy across three themes: (a) transforming traumatic landscapes, (b) deriving purpose in demolition, and (c) affirming and preserving the victim's moral worth The findings corroborate and extend existing research by demonstrating the diverse set of meanings covictims ascribe to and pursue through residential demolition, highlighting its potential to facilitate healing, enable goal-oriented action, and recognize the collective dimension of the loss. The findings are used to platform a discussion of theoretical, methodological, and policy directions.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with some of the poorest mental and physical health outcomes. There is often high dropout from treatment for PTSD, especially among those who have experienced chronic or multiple traumatic events. One increasingly popular PTSD treatment delivery model targeting treatment retention is intensive treatment delivery. Narrative exposure therapy (NET) is an exposure-based PTSD treatment designed to address multiple trauma exposures, but NET has not been systematically delivered in an intensive brief format. The current study aimed to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of intensively delivered NET to a highly traumatized sample (HI-NET). A trauma-exposed clinical sample (n = 8; range of lifetime traumatic events: 5-15; 100% endorsed history of interpersonal violence; mean age = 46; 87% White) participated in daily NET sessions for 1 week. Participants completed self-report measures assessing PTSD, depressive, and dissociation symptoms as well as trauma-related cognitions at baseline, 1 week posttreatment, and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up timepoints. HI-NET was feasible, with all participants attending all sessions. Participants reported high levels of acceptability and satisfaction. Participants showed significant reductions in PTSD symptoms (≥12 points on the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 [PCL-5]) from baseline (M = 49.00, SD = 16.34) through 6-month assessment (M = 24.29, SD = 16.89, g =1.88). Depressive symptoms, the frequency and intensity of dissociative symptoms, and dysfunctional trauma-related cognitions all significantly decreased alongside PTSD symptoms. This is the first investigation of an intensive delivery of NET, an evidence-based treatment for PTSD that can target multiple traumatic events. After only six sessions delivered to a highly traumatized sample, there was a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms that remained decreased over time. HI-NET is feasible, acceptable, and efficacious, yet larger clinical trials with more diverse samples are needed.

Various physical, mental, and behavioral disorders are reported among individuals who witness violence. This study was designed to examine university students' risky health behaviors after witnessing domestic violence. In this study, 2,509 university students, selected using the stratified sampling method in terms of sex and study year, were included. Path analysis was performed to examine the relationships between sociodemographic variables and risky health behaviors. We found that witnessing domestic violence directly increased substance abuse and alcohol consumption in the entire study population and partner violence among female participants. By adding the variable of witnessing domestic violence to the equation as a mediator, the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on risky health behaviors changed.

Mass-shooting events are of increasing public and scholarly concern in the United States. While research into the causes of these events and possibilities for prevention is growing, our knowledge of the impacts of mass shootings on survivors is limited. This brief report examines current research on mass-shooting victimization and proposes how adjacent literature can assist in developing a broader knowledge base.