Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2198845
J. Rafner, Qian Wang, Miroslav Gadjacz, Thomas Badts, Brendan S. Baker, Carsten Bergenholtz, M. M. Biskjaer, Thomas Bui, A. Carugati, Matthieu de Cibeins, Lior Noy, S. Rahimi, K. Tylén, Blanka Zana, R. Beaty, J. Sherson
ABSTRACT For decades, researchers have struggled with measurement problems related to the construct validity of divergent and convergent thinking in creativity assessments. In response, some have called for battery-based approaches. Recently, digital games have emerged as a potential alternative, offering increased scalability and improved ecological validity. This article presents CREA: a new, scalable, game-based assessment suite. CREA includes crea.tiles and crea.blender, non-verbal games featuring both divergent and convergent thinking modes, as well as crea.ideas – the Alternative Uses Task, a standard test of divergent thinking, and crea.logic – a test of abstract reasoning. The novel convergent and divergent thinking game modes are constructed within the same contextual environment and with theoretically motivated differences in game-prompts to understand and generalize from the emerging elicited behaviors. In this study, 408 participants completed the CREA suite and selected validation measures, representing the largest game-based validation study to date. Both convergent and discriminant validity is demonstrated for crea.tiles with respect to standard tests, with correlations ranging from r = .1–.4. Having CREA freely accessible, we aim to broaden the accessibility of creativity assessment to researchers, educators, and the general public and through this scaleup validate the rich creative behavioral patterns observed in this study. Plain Language Summary Creative thinking is an essential attribute for success in the 21st century, yet it is difficult to measure because it is complex and contextual. Traditional pen and paper tests of creative thinking are the status quo and are backed up by years of research; however, there are well-known issues with these tests such as (1) they are difficult to scale up, as they require expert human-raters to evaluate the responses; (2) many of them are verbal, which is not necessarily fair within a culturally and linguistically diverse population; and (3) there are still fundamental open questions about what they actually measure. Digital, game-based creativity assessments represent an emerging alternative to conventional creativity tests, presenting the potential for increasing scalability and improving the quality of the results. This article presents CREA: a new, scalable, suite of game-based assessments. CREA includes crea.tiles and crea.blender - non-verbal games featuring several game modes, as well as crea.ideas - a standard test of divergent thinking, and crea.logic - a test of abstract reasoning. Participants (n=408) were university students from North America. They completed the CREA suite and a series of validation measures. The results from the study indicate that the current, freely accessible, version of the CREA suite demonstrated sufficient validity to be used by researchers and practitioners as a scalable, creativity assessment instrument for automated figural assessment of divergent an
{"title":"Towards Game-Based Assessment of Creative Thinking","authors":"J. Rafner, Qian Wang, Miroslav Gadjacz, Thomas Badts, Brendan S. Baker, Carsten Bergenholtz, M. M. Biskjaer, Thomas Bui, A. Carugati, Matthieu de Cibeins, Lior Noy, S. Rahimi, K. Tylén, Blanka Zana, R. Beaty, J. Sherson","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2198845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2198845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For decades, researchers have struggled with measurement problems related to the construct validity of divergent and convergent thinking in creativity assessments. In response, some have called for battery-based approaches. Recently, digital games have emerged as a potential alternative, offering increased scalability and improved ecological validity. This article presents CREA: a new, scalable, game-based assessment suite. CREA includes crea.tiles and crea.blender, non-verbal games featuring both divergent and convergent thinking modes, as well as crea.ideas – the Alternative Uses Task, a standard test of divergent thinking, and crea.logic – a test of abstract reasoning. The novel convergent and divergent thinking game modes are constructed within the same contextual environment and with theoretically motivated differences in game-prompts to understand and generalize from the emerging elicited behaviors. In this study, 408 participants completed the CREA suite and selected validation measures, representing the largest game-based validation study to date. Both convergent and discriminant validity is demonstrated for crea.tiles with respect to standard tests, with correlations ranging from r = .1–.4. Having CREA freely accessible, we aim to broaden the accessibility of creativity assessment to researchers, educators, and the general public and through this scaleup validate the rich creative behavioral patterns observed in this study. Plain Language Summary Creative thinking is an essential attribute for success in the 21st century, yet it is difficult to measure because it is complex and contextual. Traditional pen and paper tests of creative thinking are the status quo and are backed up by years of research; however, there are well-known issues with these tests such as (1) they are difficult to scale up, as they require expert human-raters to evaluate the responses; (2) many of them are verbal, which is not necessarily fair within a culturally and linguistically diverse population; and (3) there are still fundamental open questions about what they actually measure. Digital, game-based creativity assessments represent an emerging alternative to conventional creativity tests, presenting the potential for increasing scalability and improving the quality of the results. This article presents CREA: a new, scalable, suite of game-based assessments. CREA includes crea.tiles and crea.blender - non-verbal games featuring several game modes, as well as crea.ideas - a standard test of divergent thinking, and crea.logic - a test of abstract reasoning. Participants (n=408) were university students from North America. They completed the CREA suite and a series of validation measures. The results from the study indicate that the current, freely accessible, version of the CREA suite demonstrated sufficient validity to be used by researchers and practitioners as a scalable, creativity assessment instrument for automated figural assessment of divergent an","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44246234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2198300
Xingyue Yang, P. Gebbing, Erik Lankut, Christoph Lattemann
ABSTRACT Creative virtual teamwork (CVT) has become relevant for many domains of our daily lives: during the pandemic, school classes, business collaborations, and even private personal interactions took place online. However, virtual teamwork is still a challenge for creative collaboration. Research on CVT started decades ago, yet an overview of the field is lacking. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a bibliometric analysis, including 153 high-quality publications, to provide insights into the development of CVT research across disciplines and a thematic content analysis of trends in research streams and measurements. The results list the most impactful authors and journals, research disciplines and trends, as well as measurements of CVT. Research on CVT is growing exponentially and is conducted across various disciplines, mostly in education, followed by computer science, management and psychology. The results of the bibliometric analysis suggest a scattered research landscape, which calls for more interdisciplinary research, including common measurements for CVT across scientific fields. Plain Language Summary Creativity is one of the most essential and sought-after capabilities in the 21st century. However, fostering creativity in virtual teamwork (CVT) has always been a challenge for education and in business. CVT has been investigated from various perspectives, but a comprehensive picture of research on this topic is missing. To address this research gap, this paper presents a bibliometric analysis. The analysis identifies different disciplines and research streams dealing with CVT, research trends, the methods and measurements applied, and most relevant papers and authors in the respective fields. In total, 153 articles were reviewed. The bibliometric analysis reveals a scattered research landscape, which calls for more interdisciplinary research in the future. The following research disciplines have predominantly investigated CVT: education, computer science, management and psychology. However, different disciplines have similar ways to measure creativity, which is a promising starting point for future interdisciplinary studies
{"title":"Virtual Creativity – Bibliometric Literature Review on Measurements and Factors That Influence Creative Virtual Teamwork","authors":"Xingyue Yang, P. Gebbing, Erik Lankut, Christoph Lattemann","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2198300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2198300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Creative virtual teamwork (CVT) has become relevant for many domains of our daily lives: during the pandemic, school classes, business collaborations, and even private personal interactions took place online. However, virtual teamwork is still a challenge for creative collaboration. Research on CVT started decades ago, yet an overview of the field is lacking. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a bibliometric analysis, including 153 high-quality publications, to provide insights into the development of CVT research across disciplines and a thematic content analysis of trends in research streams and measurements. The results list the most impactful authors and journals, research disciplines and trends, as well as measurements of CVT. Research on CVT is growing exponentially and is conducted across various disciplines, mostly in education, followed by computer science, management and psychology. The results of the bibliometric analysis suggest a scattered research landscape, which calls for more interdisciplinary research, including common measurements for CVT across scientific fields. Plain Language Summary Creativity is one of the most essential and sought-after capabilities in the 21st century. However, fostering creativity in virtual teamwork (CVT) has always been a challenge for education and in business. CVT has been investigated from various perspectives, but a comprehensive picture of research on this topic is missing. To address this research gap, this paper presents a bibliometric analysis. The analysis identifies different disciplines and research streams dealing with CVT, research trends, the methods and measurements applied, and most relevant papers and authors in the respective fields. In total, 153 articles were reviewed. The bibliometric analysis reveals a scattered research landscape, which calls for more interdisciplinary research in the future. The following research disciplines have predominantly investigated CVT: education, computer science, management and psychology. However, different disciplines have similar ways to measure creativity, which is a promising starting point for future interdisciplinary studies","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44841251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2200597
J. Diaz, Steven M. Nelson, A Alexander Beaujean, Adam E. Green, M. Scullin
{"title":"The Impact of Adding a Fourth Item to the Traditional 3-Item Remote Associates Test","authors":"J. Diaz, Steven M. Nelson, A Alexander Beaujean, Adam E. Green, M. Scullin","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2200597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2200597","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42655041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2192605
Radwa Khalil, Lin Lin, A. Karim, B. Godde
ABSTRACT Why can some people generate outstanding creative ideas despite receiving frustrating feedback? Although previous studies highlighted the effects of emotional states on creativity, the interactions between specific psychophysiological emotional parameters or affective states and response inhibition (RI) on creativity remain elusive. Therefore, with this study, we aimed to investigate whether RI mediates the effects of emotional states on creative thinking, specifically divergent thinking (DT), while participants receive frustrating or encouraging feedback. We induced positive and negative affect and psychophysiological arousal (PA) by manipulating feedback on performing a go/no-go task (GNGT), one of the standardized tasks for measuring RI. In other words, we provided participants with artificial feedback on GNGT to induce either frustration following (a negative emotional state) or a feeling of success (a positive emotional state). After receiving the manipulated feedback, participants performed the alternative uses task (AUT), a classical test for measuring DT. Subjective affective states were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale — Expanded Form (PANAS-X). During AUT, PA was measured through skin conductance (SC) and heart rate variability (HRV). Our data revealed that RI mediates the effect of negative affect and fatigue and enhanced PA (measured through HRV) on DT. Moreover, positive affect and PA (measured through SC) directly enhanced the three indices of DT (fluency, originality, and flexibility). Concerning the measurement of HRV, the application of time-domain HRV analyses was superior to that of frequency-domain HRV analyses. Notably, gender had strong direct and indirect effects on fluency and flexibility but not originality. In conclusion, our results suggest distinct mechanisms for modulatory effects of specific emotional states and associated psychophysiological on divergent creative thinking.
{"title":"Response Inhibition Partially Mediates the Relationship Between Emotional States and Creative Divergent Thinking","authors":"Radwa Khalil, Lin Lin, A. Karim, B. Godde","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2192605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2192605","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Why can some people generate outstanding creative ideas despite receiving frustrating feedback? Although previous studies highlighted the effects of emotional states on creativity, the interactions between specific psychophysiological emotional parameters or affective states and response inhibition (RI) on creativity remain elusive. Therefore, with this study, we aimed to investigate whether RI mediates the effects of emotional states on creative thinking, specifically divergent thinking (DT), while participants receive frustrating or encouraging feedback. We induced positive and negative affect and psychophysiological arousal (PA) by manipulating feedback on performing a go/no-go task (GNGT), one of the standardized tasks for measuring RI. In other words, we provided participants with artificial feedback on GNGT to induce either frustration following (a negative emotional state) or a feeling of success (a positive emotional state). After receiving the manipulated feedback, participants performed the alternative uses task (AUT), a classical test for measuring DT. Subjective affective states were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale — Expanded Form (PANAS-X). During AUT, PA was measured through skin conductance (SC) and heart rate variability (HRV). Our data revealed that RI mediates the effect of negative affect and fatigue and enhanced PA (measured through HRV) on DT. Moreover, positive affect and PA (measured through SC) directly enhanced the three indices of DT (fluency, originality, and flexibility). Concerning the measurement of HRV, the application of time-domain HRV analyses was superior to that of frequency-domain HRV analyses. Notably, gender had strong direct and indirect effects on fluency and flexibility but not originality. In conclusion, our results suggest distinct mechanisms for modulatory effects of specific emotional states and associated psychophysiological on divergent creative thinking.","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44380008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2193040
Baptiste Barbot, J. Kaufman, Nils Myszkowski
ABSTRACT Immersive virtual reality (IVR) takes advantage of exponential growth in our technological abilities to offer an array of new forms of entertainment, learning opportunities, and even psychological interventions and assessments. The field of creativity is a driving force in both large-scale innovations and everyday progress, and imbedding creativity assessment in IVR programs has important practical implications for future research and interventions in this field. Creativity assessment, however, tends to either rely on traditional concepts or newer, yet cumbersome methods. Can creativity be measured within IVR? This study introduces the VIVA, a new IVR-based visual arts creativity assessment paradigm in which user create 3D drawings in response to a prompt. Productions are then rated with modern extensions of a classic product-based approach to creativity assessment. A sample of 67 adults completed the VIVA, further scored using item-response modeling. Results demonstrated the strong psychometric properties of the VIVA assessment, including its structural validity, internal reliability, and criterion validity with relevant criterion measures. Together, this study established a solid proof-of-concept of the feasibility of measuring creativity in IVR. We conclude by discussing directions for future studies and the broader importance and impact of this line of work for the field of creativity and virtual reality.
{"title":"Creativity with 6 Degrees of Freedom: Feasibility Study of Visual Creativity Assessment in Virtual Reality","authors":"Baptiste Barbot, J. Kaufman, Nils Myszkowski","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2193040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2193040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Immersive virtual reality (IVR) takes advantage of exponential growth in our technological abilities to offer an array of new forms of entertainment, learning opportunities, and even psychological interventions and assessments. The field of creativity is a driving force in both large-scale innovations and everyday progress, and imbedding creativity assessment in IVR programs has important practical implications for future research and interventions in this field. Creativity assessment, however, tends to either rely on traditional concepts or newer, yet cumbersome methods. Can creativity be measured within IVR? This study introduces the VIVA, a new IVR-based visual arts creativity assessment paradigm in which user create 3D drawings in response to a prompt. Productions are then rated with modern extensions of a classic product-based approach to creativity assessment. A sample of 67 adults completed the VIVA, further scored using item-response modeling. Results demonstrated the strong psychometric properties of the VIVA assessment, including its structural validity, internal reliability, and criterion validity with relevant criterion measures. Together, this study established a solid proof-of-concept of the feasibility of measuring creativity in IVR. We conclude by discussing directions for future studies and the broader importance and impact of this line of work for the field of creativity and virtual reality.","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47390207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2192563
Marcela Ovando-Tellez, Yoed N. Kenett, M. Benedek, M. Bernard, Joan Belo, B. Beranger, Théophile Bieth, E. Volle
ABSTRACT Associative thinking plays a major role in creativity, as it involves the ability to link distant concepts. Yet, the neural mechanisms allowing to combine distant associates in creative thinking tasks remain poorly understood. We investigated the whole-brain functional connectivity patterns related to combining remote associations for creative thinking. Using a connectome predictive modeling approach, we examined whole-brain functional connectivity patterns related to connecting close and distant remote associates in the Combination Association Task (CAT). Brain connectivity networks predicting CAT performance showed contributions from brain functional connectivity mostly related to the Default Mode Network, likely related to associative processes required in all trials of the task. Besides, the functional connectivity pattern of associative remoteness linked to CAT trials also largely involved the Executive Control Network, Dorsal Attention Network and Somatomotor networks, suggesting that more controlled processes played an important role in trials with higher associative remoteness. Critically, the functional connectivity patterns related to higher creative demands of the task share similarities with functional connectivity patterns previously found to predict divergent thinking. Thus, our work potentially offers insights into neural mechanisms that play a role in both convergent and divergent remote thinking.
{"title":"Brain Connectivity-Based Prediction of Combining Remote Semantic Associates for Creative Thinking","authors":"Marcela Ovando-Tellez, Yoed N. Kenett, M. Benedek, M. Bernard, Joan Belo, B. Beranger, Théophile Bieth, E. Volle","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2192563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2192563","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Associative thinking plays a major role in creativity, as it involves the ability to link distant concepts. Yet, the neural mechanisms allowing to combine distant associates in creative thinking tasks remain poorly understood. We investigated the whole-brain functional connectivity patterns related to combining remote associations for creative thinking. Using a connectome predictive modeling approach, we examined whole-brain functional connectivity patterns related to connecting close and distant remote associates in the Combination Association Task (CAT). Brain connectivity networks predicting CAT performance showed contributions from brain functional connectivity mostly related to the Default Mode Network, likely related to associative processes required in all trials of the task. Besides, the functional connectivity pattern of associative remoteness linked to CAT trials also largely involved the Executive Control Network, Dorsal Attention Network and Somatomotor networks, suggesting that more controlled processes played an important role in trials with higher associative remoteness. Critically, the functional connectivity patterns related to higher creative demands of the task share similarities with functional connectivity patterns previously found to predict divergent thinking. Thus, our work potentially offers insights into neural mechanisms that play a role in both convergent and divergent remote thinking.","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"522 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2191919
Joel Chan, C. Schunn
Scientific progress on creativity research depends on having properly operationalized measures. In psychological research on creativity, it is common to operationalize creativity as the combination of novelty and appropriateness. However, the operationalization of appropriateness varies widely across researchers, studies, and domains (e.g. technical goodness, significance, elegance, usefulness, and feasibility). We argue that a core distinction between impact (how useful an idea is for solving the problem) and feasibility (how easy it is to realize the idea) underlies the variation. We further claim that this distinction is both possible to capture reliably in practice and psychologically significant. To test these claims, 318 ideas from 5 real-world social innovation problems (e.g. improving accessibility in elections) were rated for novelty, impact, and feasibility by a set of six experts selected for each of the 5 challenges. We find that all three constructs can be measured reliably and are statistically separable. Further, we show that distinguishing impact and feasibility reveals theoretically meaningful patterns of relationships with key psychological processes of creativity – analogy and conceptual combination – that would be difficult if impact and feasibility were conflated. These results demonstrate the theoretical importance of separating appropriateness into impact and feasibility for the psychology of creativity.
{"title":"The Importance of Separating Appropriateness into Impact and Feasibility for the Psychology of Creativity","authors":"Joel Chan, C. Schunn","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2191919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2191919","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific progress on creativity research depends on having properly operationalized measures. In psychological research on creativity, it is common to operationalize creativity as the combination of novelty and appropriateness. However, the operationalization of appropriateness varies widely across researchers, studies, and domains (e.g. technical goodness, significance, elegance, usefulness, and feasibility). We argue that a core distinction between impact (how useful an idea is for solving the problem) and feasibility (how easy it is to realize the idea) underlies the variation. We further claim that this distinction is both possible to capture reliably in practice and psychologically significant. To test these claims, 318 ideas from 5 real-world social innovation problems (e.g. improving accessibility in elections) were rated for novelty, impact, and feasibility by a set of six experts selected for each of the 5 challenges. We find that all three constructs can be measured reliably and are statistically separable. Further, we show that distinguishing impact and feasibility reveals theoretically meaningful patterns of relationships with key psychological processes of creativity – analogy and conceptual combination – that would be difficult if impact and feasibility were conflated. These results demonstrate the theoretical importance of separating appropriateness into impact and feasibility for the psychology of creativity.","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48565106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2189358
Steven M. Smith, Zsolt Beda
ABSTRACT Why do creative ideas and solutions to unresolved problems benefit from taking a break? The idea of unconscious work as an explanation is so appealing that even after reading this paper, which states clearly that unconscious work is a fantasy based on no clear theory and no clear empirical evidence, some readers will claim that we are saying the opposite. Here, we explain why the imaginary meme of unconscious work is so difficult to eradicate from the scientific literature, including the fact that there is no clearly testable theory of unconscious work. Because the lack of a truly testable theory is one of the things that makes this meme so slippery, we propose a testable theory of unconscious work, the Autonomous Unconscious Thought Operations (AUTO) theory, which states that autonomous unconscious operations continuing over time is an essential feature of unconscious work. We describe some requirements of such a theory, and we propose empirical tests of the AUTO theory. We predict that autonomy of unconscious operations will be empirically falsified. The mechanism of unconscious work is not needed to explain so-called “incubation” effects, because there are several testable (and tested) explanations of what happens as a function of breaks from fixated problems, such as multiple bouts of forgotten conscious work, forgetting fixating responses, mind wandering, or set-shifting.
{"title":"Unconscious Work Doesn’t Work","authors":"Steven M. Smith, Zsolt Beda","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2189358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2189358","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Why do creative ideas and solutions to unresolved problems benefit from taking a break? The idea of unconscious work as an explanation is so appealing that even after reading this paper, which states clearly that unconscious work is a fantasy based on no clear theory and no clear empirical evidence, some readers will claim that we are saying the opposite. Here, we explain why the imaginary meme of unconscious work is so difficult to eradicate from the scientific literature, including the fact that there is no clearly testable theory of unconscious work. Because the lack of a truly testable theory is one of the things that makes this meme so slippery, we propose a testable theory of unconscious work, the Autonomous Unconscious Thought Operations (AUTO) theory, which states that autonomous unconscious operations continuing over time is an essential feature of unconscious work. We describe some requirements of such a theory, and we propose empirical tests of the AUTO theory. We predict that autonomy of unconscious operations will be empirically falsified. The mechanism of unconscious work is not needed to explain so-called “incubation” effects, because there are several testable (and tested) explanations of what happens as a function of breaks from fixated problems, such as multiple bouts of forgotten conscious work, forgetting fixating responses, mind wandering, or set-shifting.","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"369 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43329194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2184558
Qunlin Chen, Alexander P. Christensen, Yoed N. Kenett, Zhiting Ren, D. Condon, R. Bilder, J. Qiu, R. Beaty
ABSTRACT Existing research has consistently supported a relationship between creative achievement and specific personality traits (e.g. openness to experience). However, such work has largely focused on univariate associations, potentially obscuring complex interactions among multiple personality factors, rendering an incomplete picture of the creative personality. We applied a psychometric network approach to characterize the multidimensional personality structure of highly creative individuals in the arts (“artists”) and sciences (“scientists”), using data from three samples (N = 4,015): college students, a representative adult sample, and the Big-C project of eminent creative professionals. Replicating past work, we found that artists showed reliably higher levels of openness to experience compared to scientists and a control group of less creative people. Psychometric network analysis revealed that artists were characterized by higher connectivity (i.e. co-occurrence) with other personality traits for openness, indicating that openness may be more heterogeneous in how it co-occurs with other personality traits in highly creative people. Across all three samples, we found that the scientists’ personality network structure was more cohesive than the personality network of artists and the control group, indicating greater homogeneity in the personality characteristics of scientists. Our findings uncover a constellation of traits that give rise to creative achievement in the arts and sciences.
{"title":"Mapping the Creative Personality: A Psychometric Network Analysis of Highly Creative Artists and Scientists","authors":"Qunlin Chen, Alexander P. Christensen, Yoed N. Kenett, Zhiting Ren, D. Condon, R. Bilder, J. Qiu, R. Beaty","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2184558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2184558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Existing research has consistently supported a relationship between creative achievement and specific personality traits (e.g. openness to experience). However, such work has largely focused on univariate associations, potentially obscuring complex interactions among multiple personality factors, rendering an incomplete picture of the creative personality. We applied a psychometric network approach to characterize the multidimensional personality structure of highly creative individuals in the arts (“artists”) and sciences (“scientists”), using data from three samples (N = 4,015): college students, a representative adult sample, and the Big-C project of eminent creative professionals. Replicating past work, we found that artists showed reliably higher levels of openness to experience compared to scientists and a control group of less creative people. Psychometric network analysis revealed that artists were characterized by higher connectivity (i.e. co-occurrence) with other personality traits for openness, indicating that openness may be more heterogeneous in how it co-occurs with other personality traits in highly creative people. Across all three samples, we found that the scientists’ personality network structure was more cohesive than the personality network of artists and the control group, indicating greater homogeneity in the personality characteristics of scientists. Our findings uncover a constellation of traits that give rise to creative achievement in the arts and sciences.","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"455 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46484817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2023.2177414
Zhargalma Dandarova-Robert, Christelle Cocco, Zahra Astaneh, P. Brandt
ABSTRACT Earlier studies have concluded that the religious sphere is less open to creativity than are other areas of human activities. Also, it has been suggested that artistic freedom and creative expression are unwelcome in the domain of religious iconography. In the present study, we address this subject with regard to children’s artistic expression of the divine (n = 1703) in five different cultural and religious environments: Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Iranian (Islam), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, shamanism), Russian Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy) and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity). The Consensual Assessment Technique was used to access the creativity. The results globally supported the previous research on the positive role that domain knowledge plays in creativity. It is likely that the exposure to knowledge in the religious domain through education would not negatively impact on children’s creativity in the domain of pictorial representations of the divine, at least in secularized societies. Results also revealed that a child’s creative expression could be a function of his or her age. Obviously, with age and knowledge of the religious domain, older children would go more often beyond the simplistic or conventional representations of the divine. As for gender, no effect was found in four out of five samples.
{"title":"Children’s Imagination of the Divine: Creativity Across Religions","authors":"Zhargalma Dandarova-Robert, Christelle Cocco, Zahra Astaneh, P. Brandt","doi":"10.1080/10400419.2023.2177414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2177414","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Earlier studies have concluded that the religious sphere is less open to creativity than are other areas of human activities. Also, it has been suggested that artistic freedom and creative expression are unwelcome in the domain of religious iconography. In the present study, we address this subject with regard to children’s artistic expression of the divine (n = 1703) in five different cultural and religious environments: Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Iranian (Islam), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, shamanism), Russian Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy) and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity). The Consensual Assessment Technique was used to access the creativity. The results globally supported the previous research on the positive role that domain knowledge plays in creativity. It is likely that the exposure to knowledge in the religious domain through education would not negatively impact on children’s creativity in the domain of pictorial representations of the divine, at least in secularized societies. Results also revealed that a child’s creative expression could be a function of his or her age. Obviously, with age and knowledge of the religious domain, older children would go more often beyond the simplistic or conventional representations of the divine. As for gender, no effect was found in four out of five samples.","PeriodicalId":48144,"journal":{"name":"Creativity Research Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"254 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47847442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：