Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105615
Rachel Johnson , Jason Nesbitt , MinJoo Choi , Julia Sjödahl , Bebel Ibarra Asencios
Reparin is a multi-component site that was occupied during Chavín times (750–400 BCE), destroyed and reoccupied by the Huarás culture (400–200 BCE), and subsequently transformed into a Recuay settlement (50/80–200 CE). Located 30 km north of Chavín de Huántar, Reparin provides insights on these pivotal cultural transformations from the perspective of the Chavín heartland in Conchucos. Archaeological data from Conchucos shows major changes in pottery production took place at some point between the Early Horizon (750–200 BCE) and Recuay occupations (50/80–200 CE). This paper clarifies the timing of these transitions and traces the evolution of pottery production through a geochemical and petrographic study (n = 27) of the Reparin ceramic assemblage (n = 646), which identified at least 10 distinct petro-groups. Certain continuities in ceramic technological practice suggest ceramic genealogies of practice link Reparin’s Early Horizon and Recuay occupations. However, the intensification of slate tempering around 50/80–200 CE indicates important technological shifts took place by early Recuay times.
雷潘是一个多组分的遗址，在Chavín时期（公元前750-400年）被占领，被Huarás文化（公元前400-200年）摧毁并重新占领，随后转变为recway定居点（公元前50/80-200年）。Reparin位于Chavín de Huántar以北30公里处，从Chavín孔丘斯中心地带的角度，提供了对这些关键文化转变的见解。孔丘的考古数据显示，陶器生产的重大变化发生在早期地平线（公元前750-200年）和Recuay职业（公元前50/80-200年）之间的某个时间点。本文通过对Reparin陶瓷组合（n = 646）的地球化学和岩石学研究（n = 27）阐明了这些转变的时间，并追溯了陶器生产的演变，该研究确定了至少10个不同的石油群。陶瓷技术实践中的某些连续性表明，陶瓷实践谱系将雷普林的早期地平线和回收职业联系起来。然而，在公元50/80-200年左右，板岩回火的加剧表明，在早期的回收时期发生了重要的技术转变。
{"title":"Continuity and change in pottery production practices in Conchucos: new data from Reparin (750 BCE − 200 CE), Ancash, Peru","authors":"Rachel Johnson , Jason Nesbitt , MinJoo Choi , Julia Sjödahl , Bebel Ibarra Asencios","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reparin is a multi-component site that was occupied during Chavín times (750–400 BCE), destroyed and reoccupied by the Huarás culture (400–200 BCE), and subsequently transformed into a Recuay settlement (50/80–200 CE). Located 30 km north of Chavín de Huántar, Reparin provides insights on these pivotal cultural transformations from the perspective of the Chavín heartland in Conchucos. Archaeological data from Conchucos shows major changes in pottery production took place at some point between the Early Horizon (750–200 BCE) and Recuay occupations (50/80–200 CE). This paper clarifies the timing of these transitions and traces the evolution of pottery production through a geochemical and petrographic study (n = 27) of the Reparin ceramic assemblage (n = 646), which identified at least 10 distinct petro-groups. Certain continuities in ceramic technological practice suggest ceramic genealogies of practice link Reparin’s Early Horizon and Recuay occupations. However, the intensification of slate tempering around 50/80–200 CE indicates important technological shifts took place by early Recuay times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105619
Anthony J.I. Clarke , Christopher L. Kirkland , Arthur de Oliveira Vicentini , Lisa Brown
Authenticating purported fragments of the Altar Stone, the central six-tonne megalith at Stonehenge, underpins ongoing archaeological investigations and helps preserve valuable material by limiting the need for further destructive sampling. Here, using automated mineralogy and U–Pb zircon–apatite isotopes we examine Victorian thin-section S45 rediscovered in 2021, to evaluate its provenance. Pb-contamination from antique coverslip balsam resin complicates obtaining primary zircon U–Pb ratios. To address this issue, we subset time-resolved zircon isotopic ratio integrations from laser ablation signals and calculate internal grain-level regressions, maximising data recovery. This approach yields twelve zircon dates spanning 389–1850 Ma, while apatite yields components at ca. 1043 and 449 Ma. These ages are consistent with a provenance from northeast Scotland’s Upper Old Red Sandstone Orcadian Basin. Our findings support S45 as an Altar Stone fragment and demonstrate a framework for extracting reliable U–Pb ages from historic thin sections.
{"title":"Altar to Attic to Analysis: Geochemical Authentication of a Rediscovered Victorian Thin Section of Stonehenge’s Altar stone","authors":"Anthony J.I. Clarke , Christopher L. Kirkland , Arthur de Oliveira Vicentini , Lisa Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Authenticating purported fragments of the Altar Stone, the central six-tonne megalith at Stonehenge, underpins ongoing archaeological investigations and helps preserve valuable material by limiting the need for further destructive sampling. Here, using automated mineralogy and U–Pb zircon–apatite isotopes we examine Victorian thin-section S45 rediscovered in 2021, to evaluate its provenance. Pb-contamination from antique coverslip balsam resin complicates obtaining primary zircon U–Pb ratios. To address this issue, we subset time-resolved zircon isotopic ratio integrations from laser ablation signals and calculate internal grain-level regressions, maximising data recovery. This approach yields twelve zircon dates spanning 389–1850 Ma, while apatite yields components at <em>ca.</em> 1043 and 449 Ma. These ages are consistent with a provenance from northeast Scotland’s Upper Old Red Sandstone Orcadian Basin. Our findings support S45 as an Altar Stone fragment and demonstrate a framework for extracting reliable U–Pb ages from historic thin sections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents the zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical analysis of the Early Iron Age site (7th-6th centuries BCE) of La Timba de Santa Bàrbara, a fortified settlement that appears to have been inhabited by an emerging aristocratic elite. This is a key site with a significant number of imported Phoenician amphorae, reflecting trade and cultural contacts with Mediterranean societies. The main objective here is to provide new insights into agropastoral and food consumption strategies during a key period of early social, economic and political transformation in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula. The results reveal an intensive agricultural system primarily focused on cereal production, prioritising optimal productivity. Legumes and grapes were also identified, possibly related to the early introduction of wine in north-eastern Iberia. Livestock management was closely linked to agriculture, with cattle playing a predominant role. This interdisciplinary approach sheds new light on the interplay between agriculture, food consumption, and socio-economic and political transformations during the Early Iron Age in this region.
这项工作展示了对早期铁器时代遗址（公元前7 -6世纪）La Timba de Santa Bàrbara的动物考古学和考古植物学分析，这是一个坚固的定居点，似乎居住着新兴的贵族精英。这是一个重要的地点，有大量进口的腓尼基双耳罐，反映了与地中海社会的贸易和文化联系。这里的主要目标是在伊比利亚半岛东北部早期社会、经济和政治转型的关键时期，为农牧和粮食消费战略提供新的见解。结果表明，集约化农业系统主要侧重于谷物生产，优先考虑最佳生产力。豆类和葡萄也被发现，可能与早期在伊比利亚东北部引入葡萄酒有关。牲畜管理与农业密切相关，牛起着主导作用。这种跨学科的方法为该地区铁器时代早期农业、粮食消费和社会经济和政治变革之间的相互作用提供了新的视角。
{"title":"Agropastoral strategies in the Early Iron Age (7th-6th c. BCE) in NE Iberia: Zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical insights from La Timba de Santa Bàrbara (Barcelona, Spain)","authors":"Sergio Jiménez-Manchón , Mireia Sabaté , Carles Solé , Dani López Reyes","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical analysis of the Early Iron Age site (7th-6th centuries BCE) of La Timba de Santa Bàrbara, a fortified settlement that appears to have been inhabited by an emerging aristocratic elite. This is a key site with a significant number of imported Phoenician amphorae, reflecting trade and cultural contacts with Mediterranean societies. The main objective here is to provide new insights into agropastoral and food consumption strategies during a key period of early social, economic and political transformation in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula. The results reveal an intensive agricultural system primarily focused on cereal production, prioritising optimal productivity. Legumes and grapes were also identified, possibly related to the early introduction of wine in north-eastern Iberia. Livestock management was closely linked to agriculture, with cattle playing a predominant role. This interdisciplinary approach sheds new light on the interplay between agriculture, food consumption, and socio-economic and political transformations during the Early Iron Age in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105610
Dagmara M. Socha , Stephanie Panzer , Johan Reinhard , Albert Zink , Winnie Celeste Martínez Sulca , Franz Grupp , Alice Paladin
A bioarchaeological investigation was conducted on four frozen remains of female non-adults, approximately 500 years old, using non-invasive computed tomography (CT) analysis. These individuals, recovered from the high-altitude sites of Ampato and Sara Sara volcanoes during 1990s expeditions, were sacrificed as part of the Inca capacocha, one of the most significant ceremonial rituals of the Inca Empire. Although extensively documented in later ethnohistorical chronicles, archaeological evidence of such burials remains limited.
This study assesses their preservation, identifies post-depositional taphonomic processes, estimates ages at death, and reconstructs their paleopathological profiles. It also explores possible causes of death and the ritual transformation of these individuals into messengers to the gods. CT analyses revealed distinct taphonomic patterns, including natural mummification, lightning-induced damage, and artificial preservation.
Ampato #4 represents a secondary burial, with missing skeletal and soft tissue elements replaced by textiles. Ampato #1 (the “Lady of Ampato”) exhibited probable peri-mortem trauma to the skull, thorax, and pelvis. Ampato #2 displayed signs of cranial trauma, a potential case of megaesophagus. Sara Sara exhibits signs of head trauma and internal organ calcification.
These findings enhance our understanding of Inca sacrificial practices, highlighting the diversity of ritual treatments and the symbolic transformation of children into sacred intermediaries. Evidence of possible secondary burial (Ampato #4) and continued manipulation suggests that the ritual role of capacocha victims extended beyond death, reinforcing their importance within local religious landscapes and community memory.
{"title":"Paleoradiology opens new insights into frozen mummified children from Ampato and Sara Sara volcanoes, Peru","authors":"Dagmara M. Socha , Stephanie Panzer , Johan Reinhard , Albert Zink , Winnie Celeste Martínez Sulca , Franz Grupp , Alice Paladin","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A bioarchaeological investigation was conducted on four frozen remains of female non-adults, approximately 500 years old, using non-invasive computed tomography (CT) analysis. These individuals, recovered from the high-altitude sites of Ampato and Sara Sara volcanoes during 1990s expeditions, were sacrificed as part of the Inca <em>capacocha</em>, one of the most significant ceremonial rituals of the Inca Empire. Although extensively documented in later ethnohistorical chronicles, archaeological evidence of such burials remains limited.</div><div>This study assesses their preservation, identifies post-depositional taphonomic processes, estimates ages at death, and reconstructs their paleopathological profiles. It also explores possible causes of death and the ritual transformation of these individuals into messengers to the gods. CT analyses revealed distinct taphonomic patterns, including natural mummification, lightning-induced damage, and artificial preservation.</div><div>Ampato #4 represents a secondary burial, with missing skeletal and soft tissue elements replaced by textiles. Ampato #1 (the “Lady of Ampato”) exhibited probable peri-mortem trauma to the skull, thorax, and pelvis. Ampato #2 displayed signs of cranial trauma, a potential case of megaesophagus. Sara Sara exhibits signs of head trauma and internal organ calcification.</div><div>These findings enhance our understanding of Inca sacrificial practices, highlighting the diversity of ritual treatments and the symbolic transformation of children into sacred intermediaries. Evidence of possible secondary burial (Ampato #4) and continued manipulation suggests that the ritual role of <em>capacocha</em> victims extended beyond death, reinforcing their importance within local religious landscapes and community memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105636
Valeria Arencibia , Raquel E. Fleskes , Leandro Zilio , Solana García Guraieb , Pierre Luisi , Sergio Avena , Verónica V. Lia , Graciela S. Cabana , Cristina B. Dejean
In this study we analyzed 11 newly generated ancient mitochondrial genomes of individuals who lived on the northern coast of Santa Cruz Province (Argentinian Patagonia) between 2,400 and 390 years BP. In combination with previously published data, we investigate the population history of these coastal hunter-gatherers through the analysis of regional and temporal patterns of genetic variability and contribute to ongoing debates on human dispersal routes into southern South America.
We found low haplogroup and sequence diversity within the sample, as evidenced by the presence of only three mitochondrial subhaplogroups (D1g [55%], C1 [27%], and C1b13 [18%]), suggesting that the population overall was likely impacted by genetic drift possibly resulting from environmental constraints affecting population sizes over this time period. We observed genetic continuity in the northern coast of Santa Cruz throughout the late Holocene. In addition, we found no shared maternal lineages among individuals within two joint burials.
In comparison with other ancient mitogenomes, we found that the haplotypic composition of the studied ensemble differed from that of all other ancient populations from the south of the Southern Cone of the Americas, except those from Tierra del Fuego. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these ancient individuals’ lineages coalesced in the middle Holocene along with those from the regions of Tierra del Fuego, Central Argentina, and Pampas, suggesting that their linkages may be due to common origins and not subsequent gene flow. Finally, our findings are compatible with either an initial settlement along an Atlantic route or the confluence of inland and coastal dispersal routes during the Holocene, highlighting the need for improved geographic representation in future genetic datasets.
{"title":"Ancient mitochondrial genomes from Coastal Patagonia: Population structure and human dispersal in the Southern Cone","authors":"Valeria Arencibia , Raquel E. Fleskes , Leandro Zilio , Solana García Guraieb , Pierre Luisi , Sergio Avena , Verónica V. Lia , Graciela S. Cabana , Cristina B. Dejean","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study we analyzed 11 newly generated ancient mitochondrial genomes of individuals who lived on the northern coast of Santa Cruz Province (Argentinian Patagonia) between 2,400 and 390 years BP. In combination with previously published data, we investigate the population history of these coastal hunter-gatherers through the analysis of regional and temporal patterns of genetic variability and contribute to ongoing debates on human dispersal routes into southern South America.</div><div>We found low haplogroup and sequence diversity within the sample, as evidenced by the presence of only three mitochondrial subhaplogroups (D1g [55%], C1 [27%], and C1b13 [18%]), suggesting that the population overall was likely impacted by genetic drift possibly resulting from environmental constraints affecting population sizes over this time period. We observed genetic continuity in the northern coast of Santa Cruz throughout the late Holocene. In addition, we found no shared maternal lineages among individuals within two joint burials.</div><div>In comparison with other ancient mitogenomes, we found that the haplotypic composition of the studied ensemble differed from that of all other ancient populations from the south of the Southern Cone of the Americas, except those from Tierra del Fuego. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these ancient individuals’ lineages coalesced in the middle Holocene along with those from the regions of Tierra del Fuego, Central Argentina, and Pampas, suggesting that their linkages may be due to common origins and not subsequent gene flow. Finally, our findings are compatible with either an initial settlement along an Atlantic route or the confluence of inland and coastal dispersal routes during the Holocene, highlighting the need for improved geographic representation in future genetic datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105639
Xin Wang , Anqi Yang , Feng Yang , Haibing Yuan , Doudou Cao , Jie Li , Wei Huo , Suwen Lu , Shuai Li
The Phiyang Dunkar cemetery in western Xizang was in use from approximately 8th century BCE to the 10th century CE. Human skeletal remains from this site provide crucial evidence for understanding subsistence strategies in this high-altitude environment. We conducted stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis on bone collagen from 16 human and 23 fauna remains, spanning four chronological phases: Phase I (8th-4th centuries BCE), Phase II (4th-1st centuries BCE), Phase III (1st-6th centuries CE), and Phase IV (7th-10th centuries CE). Results show that both humans (mean δ13C: −17.4 ± 0.4‰) and animals (mean δ13C: −17.8 ± 0.9‰) relied primarily on C3-based resources, while elevated human δ15N values indicate significant animal protein consumption. While dietary patterns remained stable from Phases I to III, a marked shift occurred in Phases IV, characterized by lower δ13C and δ15N values, signaling increased dependence on C3 foods and reduced animal protein intake. By integrating isotopic data with paleoclimatic, mortuary, and historical evidence, we propose that this shift was driven by a combination of intercultural exchange, climatic variability, and political change. During Phase IV, communities supplemented their traditional pastoral and foraging economy with intensified crop cultivation, demonstrating the adaptive capacity of high-altitude societies to ecological and sociopolitical pressures.
{"title":"Subsistence change in Iron Age to Tubo-period western Xizang: A stable isotope study from Phiyang Dunkar","authors":"Xin Wang , Anqi Yang , Feng Yang , Haibing Yuan , Doudou Cao , Jie Li , Wei Huo , Suwen Lu , Shuai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Phiyang Dunkar cemetery in western Xizang was in use from approximately 8th century BCE to the 10th century CE. Human skeletal remains from this site provide crucial evidence for understanding subsistence strategies in this high-altitude environment. We conducted stable carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotope analysis on bone collagen from 16 human and 23 fauna remains, spanning four chronological phases: Phase I (8th-4th centuries BCE), Phase II (4th-1st centuries BCE), Phase III (1st-6th centuries CE), and Phase IV (7th-10th centuries CE). Results show that both humans (mean δ<sup>13</sup>C: −17.4 ± 0.4‰) and animals (mean δ<sup>13</sup>C: −17.8 ± 0.9‰) relied primarily on C<sub>3</sub>-based resources, while elevated human δ<sup>15</sup>N values indicate significant animal protein consumption. While dietary patterns remained stable from Phases I to III, a marked shift occurred in Phases IV, characterized by lower δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values, signaling increased dependence on C<sub>3</sub> foods and reduced animal protein intake. By integrating isotopic data with paleoclimatic, mortuary, and historical evidence, we propose that this shift was driven by a combination of intercultural exchange, climatic variability, and political change. During Phase IV, communities supplemented their traditional pastoral and foraging economy with intensified crop cultivation, demonstrating the adaptive capacity of high-altitude societies to ecological and sociopolitical pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105581
Claud Emilie , Bachellerie Julie , Brenet Michel , Mesa-Saborido Miriam , Villeneuve Quentin , Vincent Pasquier
This study presents new functional data from a use-wear study of non-chert macro-tools from the Upper Solutrean open-air site at Landry (Dordogne, France). While the Solutrean is known for its refined chert production, non-chert lithic industries have remained largely understudied. At Landry, a rich assemblage of quartzite, dolerite, basalt, and ignimbrite artefacts provided an opportunity to explore their role within the site’s domestic and economic activities. A sample of 63 non-chert tools was analysed using low- and high-power analysis, and supported by an experimental reference collection created specifically for this purpose. Our results reveal a wide range of activities involving both cutting and percussive actions—especially on hard animal and mineral materials—suggesting functional complementarity with the chert toolkit. The study demonstrates the value of integrating non-chert materials into functional analyses, as it shed light on technical choices, task specialization, and spatial organization within the site. This work highlights the relevance of use-wear analysis in understanding lithic economies in the Upper Palaeolithic, including in contexts where non-chert tools played a secondary but significant role.
{"title":"Studying non-chert lithic macro-tools from the Upper Palaeolithic: New functional data from an experimental and archaeological use-wear approach to the Solutrean site at Landry, Dordogne (France)","authors":"Claud Emilie , Bachellerie Julie , Brenet Michel , Mesa-Saborido Miriam , Villeneuve Quentin , Vincent Pasquier","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents new functional data from a use-wear study of non-chert macro-tools from the Upper Solutrean open-air site at Landry (Dordogne, France). While the Solutrean is known for its refined chert production, non-chert lithic industries have remained largely understudied. At Landry, a rich assemblage of quartzite, dolerite, basalt, and ignimbrite artefacts provided an opportunity to explore their role within the site’s domestic and economic activities. A sample of 63 non-chert tools was analysed using low- and high-power analysis, and supported by an experimental reference collection created specifically for this purpose. Our results reveal a wide range of activities involving both cutting and percussive actions—especially on hard animal and mineral materials—suggesting functional complementarity with the chert toolkit. The study demonstrates the value of integrating non-chert materials into functional analyses, as it shed light on technical choices, task specialization, and spatial organization within the site. This work highlights the relevance of use-wear analysis in understanding lithic economies in the Upper Palaeolithic, including in contexts where non-chert tools played a secondary but significant role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105659
Daniel Forsberg
This paper explores animal husbandry practices in the South Scandinavian Neolithic (c. 4000–1700 cal. BCE) and Bronze Age (c. 1700–500 cal. BCE) through a meta-analysis of 86 zooarchaeological assemblages from the Malmö region in southwestern Sweden. Quantitative data based on the number of identified specimens (NISP) have been compiled and are discussed against other lines of archaeological evidence to understand diachronic trends in animal husbandry in the region. The data supports a gradual economic shift to an agropastoral society in the Early Neolithic with a decreased reliance on wild game and fish. Cattle is the dominant livestock species across most of the Neolithic and Bronze Age and the main diachronic transformation is rather in the changing role of the smaller livestock where pigs are replaced by caprines as the second most important contributor to the assemblages in the Bronze Age. This is indicative of an increased reliance on secondary products from both cattle and caprines in the Bronze Age, consistent with a more socially stratified society with increased capacity and demand for surplus production. The introduction of the horse to the area is also discussed and contextualized. It appears the horse is present to a minor extent in the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age transition but becomes more common in the Late Bronze Age and in the transition to the Iron Age, possibly replacing the role of cattle as a prestige animal.
{"title":"Animal husbandry in Neolithic and Bronze Age southwestern Scania, Sweden – A zooarchaeological meta-analysis","authors":"Daniel Forsberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores animal husbandry practices in the South Scandinavian Neolithic (c. 4000–1700 cal. BCE) and Bronze Age (c. 1700–500 cal. BCE) through a <em>meta</em>-analysis of 86 zooarchaeological assemblages from the Malmö region in southwestern Sweden. Quantitative data based on the number of identified specimens (NISP) have been compiled and are discussed against other lines of archaeological evidence to understand diachronic trends in animal husbandry in the region. The data supports a gradual economic shift to an agropastoral society in the Early Neolithic with a decreased reliance on wild game and fish. Cattle is the dominant livestock species across most of the Neolithic and Bronze Age and the main diachronic transformation is rather in the changing role of the smaller livestock where pigs are replaced by caprines as the second most important contributor to the assemblages in the Bronze Age. This is indicative of an increased reliance on secondary products from both cattle and caprines in the Bronze Age, consistent with a more socially stratified society with increased capacity and demand for surplus production. The introduction of the horse to the area is also discussed and contextualized. It appears the horse is present to a minor extent in the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age transition but becomes more common in the Late Bronze Age and in the transition to the Iron Age, possibly replacing the role of cattle as a prestige animal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105645
Moisés R. Bayona, Francisco Nocete Calvo
The interpretation of metallurgy in the so-called Chalcolithic period (late 4th-3rd millennium BC) in the Iberian Peninsula has historically been dominated by a paradigm that attributed to its southern region a secondary, dependent role and an inability that defined it as a simple system with a low degree of specialisation, low production capacity and reduced demand for metals. At the technological level, this model was defined by metallurgical knowledge whose domestic application slowed down its sophistication of its methods and resulted in typological monotony and the continuity, for centuries, of the chaînes opératoires of manufacturing. This led to the postulation of a profound dichotomy between the south-eastern and south-western regions. This article presents a direct refutation of this model through the archaeometallurgical analysis of a corpus of 30 copper products dating from the third millennium BC, recovered from three key sites in the Upper Guadalquivir: Marroquíes Bajos, Las Eras del Alcázar and Castro del Río. By applying an analytical protocol that integrates metallographic microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Vickers microhardness tests, the operational chain implemented is reconstructed. The results reveal remarkable technological consistency and a total absence of simple manufacturing sequences (smelting and forging). On the contrary, the systematic mastery of complex production processes is evident, with a combination of forging and annealing cycles, representing 100% of the sample. This suggests a sophisticated technological tradition shared throughout the southern peninsula, which forces us to reconsider models of craft specialisation, knowledge transmission and social interaction networks in this period.
在伊比利亚半岛所谓的铜石器时代（公元前4 -3千年晚期），对冶金的解释在历史上一直被一种范式所主导，这种范式将其南部地区归因于次要的、依赖的角色，并将其定义为一个专业化程度低、生产能力低、对金属需求减少的简单系统。在技术层面上，这种模式是由冶金知识定义的，而冶金知识在国内的应用减慢了其方法的复杂性，导致了类型学上的单调，几个世纪以来，制造业的混乱简单加工技术（neneopimatoires）一直保持着连续性。这导致了东南和西南地区之间深刻的二分法的假设。本文通过对从上瓜达尔基维尔的三个关键地点（Marroquíes Bajos， Las Eras del Alcázar和Castro del Río）发现的30个铜制品的考古冶金学分析，直接反驳了这一模型。这些铜制品可追溯到公元前三千年。通过应用集成金相显微镜、电子探针显微分析（EPMA）和维氏显微硬度测试的分析方案，重建了实现的操作链。结果显示显著的技术一致性和完全没有简单的制造程序（冶炼和锻造）。相反，对复杂生产过程的系统掌握是显而易见的，锻造和退火循环的结合，代表了100%的样品。这表明了整个南部半岛共享的复杂技术传统，这迫使我们重新考虑这一时期的工艺专业化、知识传播和社会互动网络模式。
{"title":"The technological dichotomy under debate: The chaînes opératoires of copper metallurgy in the third millennium BC in the Upper Guadalquivir (southern Spain)","authors":"Moisés R. Bayona, Francisco Nocete Calvo","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interpretation of metallurgy in the so-called <em>Chalcolithic</em> period (late 4th-3rd millennium BC) in the Iberian Peninsula has historically been dominated by a paradigm that attributed to its southern region a secondary, dependent role and an inability that defined it as a simple system with a low degree of specialisation, low production capacity and reduced demand for metals. At the technological level, this model was defined by metallurgical knowledge whose domestic application slowed down its sophistication of its methods and resulted in typological monotony and the continuity, for centuries, of the <em>chaînes opératoires</em> of manufacturing. This led to the postulation of a profound dichotomy between the south-eastern and south-western regions. This article presents a direct refutation of this model through the archaeometallurgical analysis of a corpus of 30 copper products dating from the third millennium BC, recovered from three key sites in the Upper Guadalquivir: Marroquíes Bajos, Las Eras del Alcázar and Castro del Río. By applying an analytical protocol that integrates metallographic microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and <em>Vickers</em> microhardness tests<em>,</em> the <em>operational chain</em> implemented is reconstructed. The results reveal remarkable technological consistency and a total absence of simple manufacturing sequences (smelting and forging). On the contrary, the systematic mastery of complex production processes is evident, with a combination of forging and annealing cycles, representing 100% of the sample. This suggests a sophisticated <em>technological tradition</em> shared throughout the southern peninsula, which forces us to reconsider models of craft specialisation, knowledge transmission and social interaction networks in this period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105590
Vasiliki Anevlavi , Petya Andreeva , Maria Kamisheva , Walter Prochaska , Benjamin Frerix , Micheline Welte , Karl Burkhart , Helmut Schwaiger , Pamela Fragnoli
This paper presents the first archaeometric study of the marble inventory from the Roman villa rustica near Chatalka (Stara Zagora region, Bulgaria), one of the most extensively excavated rural estates in Roman Thrace. Through a multi-proxy approach combining petrographic, isotopic (δ18O and δ13C), and trace element analysis (ICP-MS), we examine the provenance of eleven marble artefacts—including architectural elements, votive reliefs, and statuary—to assess material supply strategies and cultural expression in the context of Roman provincial elite life. Our results indicate the use of both regional and imported marble. One frieze-architrave, decorated with garlands and bull-heads, is identified as Prokonnesian marble and likely originated from Augusta Traiana. In contrast, the remaining marble artefacts—including six votive reliefs, a sculptural head, and a dedicatory inscription—are made of Asenovgrad marble, sourced from the northern slopes of the Rhodope Mountains. The combination of these materials reflects both pragmatic resource use and elite participation in broader cultural and economic networks. The discovery of a sculptural group in alabaster gypsum further underscores the material diversity employed at the site. Situated along the road connecting Augusta Traiana to Philippopolis and proximate to the Via Diagonalis, the villa was strategically embedded in trans-provincial transport routes. The findings contribute to current debates on the regional exploitation of white marble and provide new insights into workshop organisation, distribution systems, and elite representation in Roman Thrace. All analytical data have been integrated into the open-access oeai.METRIX platform to facilitate future comparative studies.
{"title":"From quarry to code: provenance investigations of white marble inventory of the villa rustica near Chatalka, Bulgaria","authors":"Vasiliki Anevlavi , Petya Andreeva , Maria Kamisheva , Walter Prochaska , Benjamin Frerix , Micheline Welte , Karl Burkhart , Helmut Schwaiger , Pamela Fragnoli","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the first archaeometric study of the marble inventory from the Roman villa rustica near Chatalka (Stara Zagora region, Bulgaria), one of the most extensively excavated rural estates in Roman Thrace. Through a multi-proxy approach combining petrographic, isotopic (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C), and trace element analysis (ICP-MS), we examine the provenance of eleven marble artefacts—including architectural elements, votive reliefs, and statuary—to assess material supply strategies and cultural expression in the context of Roman provincial elite life. Our results indicate the use of both regional and imported marble. One frieze-architrave, decorated with garlands and bull-heads, is identified as Prokonnesian marble and likely originated from Augusta Traiana. In contrast, the remaining marble artefacts—including six votive reliefs, a sculptural head, and a dedicatory inscription—are made of Asenovgrad marble, sourced from the northern slopes of the Rhodope Mountains. The combination of these materials reflects both pragmatic resource use and elite participation in broader cultural and economic networks. The discovery of a sculptural group in alabaster gypsum further underscores the material diversity employed at the site. Situated along the road connecting Augusta Traiana to Philippopolis and proximate to the Via Diagonalis, the villa was strategically embedded in trans-provincial transport routes. The findings contribute to current debates on the regional exploitation of white marble and provide new insights into workshop organisation, distribution systems, and elite representation in Roman Thrace. All analytical data have been integrated into the open-access oeai.METRIX platform to facilitate future comparative studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 105590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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