Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105072
Abigail Desmond
ZooMS (Zooarchaeoology by Mass Spectrometry) is a biomolecular technique for determining the taxon of origin for archaeological bone and osseous tool assemblages. ZooMS helps identify patterns in taxa selection, giving evidence of strategies in Palaeolithic and prehistoric industries. When situated within a chaîne opératoire perspective, ZooMS analysis can reveal opportunistic, technologically strategic, or ideologically strategic raw material selection patterns. In doing so, ZooMS uncovers otherwise imperceptible practices and processes at Palaeolithic and prehistoric timescales, and spotlights strategic and ideological dimensions of otherwise technological artifact classes. This review outlines a rationale and pathways for integrating ZooMS into wider studies of social decision making and environmental understanding in the deep human past.
{"title":"Strategy and Ideology through ZooMS: Insights from Palaeolithic and prehistoric bone tools","authors":"Abigail Desmond","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ZooMS (Zooarchaeoology by Mass Spectrometry) is a biomolecular technique for determining the taxon of origin for archaeological bone and osseous tool assemblages. ZooMS helps identify patterns in taxa selection, giving evidence of strategies in Palaeolithic and prehistoric industries. When situated within a <em>chaîne opératoire</em> perspective, ZooMS analysis can reveal opportunistic, technologically strategic, or ideologically strategic raw material selection patterns. In doing so, ZooMS uncovers otherwise imperceptible practices and processes at Palaeolithic and prehistoric timescales, and spotlights strategic and ideological dimensions of otherwise technological artifact classes. This review outlines a rationale and pathways for integrating ZooMS into wider studies of social decision making and environmental understanding in the deep human past.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105052
Camilla Zeviani , Giacomo Bilotti , Charles Simmons , Simon Stoddart
This paper analyses settlement patterns using data from several archaeological surveys in Central Italy over the last 70 years, focussing on the Orientalising, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods (700–30 BCE). The first two in particular represent a crucial time for the development of Etruscan urban, social, and economic structures. Employing Point Pattern Analysis (PPA), we investigate site location patterns, environmental covariate relationships, and land suitability, examining variations over time. These centuries witnessed significant landscape restructuring, with Bronze Age settlements giving way to larger, defensively positioned sites, marking the emergence of Etruscan metropoles. The consolidation of urban, social, and political structures peaked between the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, driven by land and resource exploitation. However, the 5th century saw site contraction due to declining maritime supremacy and Rome’s rising influence, with the northern sector adapting more successfully. Despite the uneven application of PPA in Etruscan archaeology, its integration offers deeper insights into Etruscan settlement patterns. Our study leverages advanced computational methods and Free and Open-Source Software to provide robust, updated analyses, contributing to the evolving interdisciplinary landscape of Etruscan studies.
{"title":"Pointing out the pattern: Modelling human-environmental dynamics in Etruria during the 1st millennium BCE","authors":"Camilla Zeviani , Giacomo Bilotti , Charles Simmons , Simon Stoddart","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyses settlement patterns using data from several archaeological surveys in Central Italy over the last 70 years, focussing on the Orientalising, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods (700–30 BCE). The first two in particular represent a crucial time for the development of Etruscan urban, social, and economic structures. Employing Point Pattern Analysis (PPA), we investigate site location patterns, environmental covariate relationships, and land suitability, examining variations over time. These centuries witnessed significant landscape restructuring, with Bronze Age settlements giving way to larger, defensively positioned sites, marking the emergence of Etruscan metropoles. The consolidation of urban, social, and political structures peaked between the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, driven by land and resource exploitation. However, the 5th century saw site contraction due to declining maritime supremacy and Rome’s rising influence, with the northern sector adapting more successfully. Despite the uneven application of PPA in Etruscan archaeology, its integration offers deeper insights into Etruscan settlement patterns. Our study leverages advanced computational methods and Free and Open-Source Software to provide robust, updated analyses, contributing to the evolving interdisciplinary landscape of Etruscan studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105071
Anna Osterholtz , Mario Novak , Mario Carić , Lujana Paraman
Excavation of small portions of two cemeteries in ancient Tragurium (the Tragurium communal necropolis at the Dobrić site (TCN: 1st to 6th century CE) and a probable Roman villa site at Dragulin (VR: end of 1st century BCE to 4th century CE) in modern Trogir, Croatia, were conducted as rescue excavations in 2011, 2016, and 2020. In this case study, we focus on a single burial of two individuals from the VR cemetery buried between the end of 1st and end of 2nd century CE using an osteobiographical approach. These individuals, both aged between birth and 2 months, were buried within the same grave and were likely facing each other within the grave space. They were buried in a single event, suggesting that they died at the same time, possibly as stillbirths. Genetically, they have been determined to be fraternal twins, one female and one male. Within this article, we present detailed pathological and archaeological context for these burials in addition to genetic and isotopic results that begin to paint a picture of life and death within the Early Roman Tragurium. Paleopathological and isotopic analyses provide further insights, indicating significant metabolic disease and a typical Roman diet with marine and C3 foods. The osteobiographical approach, involving the integration of archaeological, bioarchaeological, paleopathological, and chemical analyses, offers a more comprehensive understanding of life and death in Early Roman Tragurium.
{"title":"Death and burial of a set of fraternal twins from Tragurium: An osteobiographical approach","authors":"Anna Osterholtz , Mario Novak , Mario Carić , Lujana Paraman","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excavation of small portions of two cemeteries in ancient <em>Tragurium</em> (the <em>Tragurium</em> communal necropolis at the Dobrić site (TCN: 1st to 6th century CE) and a probable Roman villa site at Dragulin (VR: end of 1st century BCE to 4th century CE) in modern Trogir, Croatia, were conducted as rescue excavations in 2011, 2016, and 2020. In this case study, we focus on a single burial of two individuals from the VR cemetery buried between the end of 1st and end of 2nd century CE using an osteobiographical approach. These individuals, both aged between birth and 2 months, were buried within the same grave and were likely facing each other within the grave space. They were buried in a single event, suggesting that they died at the same time, possibly as stillbirths. Genetically, they have been determined to be fraternal twins, one female and one male. Within this article, we present detailed pathological and archaeological context for these burials in addition to genetic and isotopic results that begin to paint a picture of life and death within the Early Roman <em>Tragurium</em>. Paleopathological and isotopic analyses provide further insights, indicating significant metabolic disease and a typical Roman diet with marine and C3 foods. The osteobiographical approach, involving the integration of archaeological, bioarchaeological, paleopathological, and chemical analyses, offers a more comprehensive understanding of life and death in Early Roman <em>Tragurium</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105058
Y. Özarslan , D.P. Mielke , A. Christopoulou , R.M. Czichon , T. Ważny
At the archaeological site of Oymaağaç Höyük, located in the Turkish province of Samsun and home to the ruins of the Hittite cult city of Nerik, an exceptional underground construction complex was excavated between 2009 and 2019. The building complex, dating back to the Late Bronze Age/Hittite period, consists of a long staircase leading into a chamber with an artificial spring. In the chamber, which lies around nine metres below the present surface level and in the groundwater horizon, a large number of ancient wood finds have come to light that have been preserved in a low-oxygen environment. A particular highlight was the discovery of a wooden structure installed into the chamber and likewise dating back to the Late Bronze Age/Hittite period, which can be interpreted as a water-drain installation. The meticulously preserved wooden structure consisted of two massive blocks encasing a holed trunk, likely serving as a controlled water outlet. Along with the spring chamber, this unique installation provided crucial insights into ancient wood use, water management, and cultic practices. This article presents the results of the first dendroarchaeological analysis of the wooden installation conducted by the Balkan-Aegean Dendrochronology Project (BAD Project). The analysis aimed to identify the wood type used for the installation and establish an absolute date for its construction. Wood anatomical analysis identified the species as Pinus brutia, indicating local timber usage. Radiocarbon dating and wiggle-matching modelling placed the installation’s construction between 1525 and 1426 BCE, corroborating an earlier 14C dating. Despite challenges in cross-dating, these findings offer a crucial anchor for understanding the Late Bronze Age settlement of Nerik and its broader historical context, shedding light on socio-historical dynamics and cultural practices in the Central Black Sea Region. The absence of overlapping reference chronologies from the region underscores the need for further regional dendrochronological research for which our study lays the first foundations.
{"title":"Tree-ring analysis and absolute dating of a wooden water-drain installation from the Late Bronze Age underground spring chamber of Oymaağaç Höyük/Nerik, Türkiye","authors":"Y. Özarslan , D.P. Mielke , A. Christopoulou , R.M. Czichon , T. Ważny","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At the archaeological site of Oymaağaç Höyük, located in the Turkish province of Samsun and home to the ruins of the Hittite cult city of Nerik, an exceptional underground construction complex was excavated between 2009 and 2019. The building complex, dating back to the Late Bronze Age/Hittite period, consists of a long staircase leading into a chamber with an artificial spring. In the chamber, which lies around nine metres below the present surface level and in the groundwater horizon, a large number of ancient wood finds have come to light that have been preserved in a low-oxygen environment. A particular highlight was the discovery of a wooden structure installed into the chamber and likewise dating back to the Late Bronze Age/Hittite period, which can be interpreted as a water-drain installation. The meticulously preserved wooden structure consisted of two massive blocks encasing a holed trunk, likely serving as a controlled water outlet. Along with the spring chamber, this unique installation provided crucial insights into ancient wood use, water management, and cultic practices. This article presents the results of the first dendroarchaeological analysis of the wooden installation conducted by the Balkan-Aegean Dendrochronology Project (BAD Project). The analysis aimed to identify the wood type used for the installation and establish an absolute date for its construction. Wood anatomical analysis identified the species as <em>Pinus brutia</em>, indicating local timber usage. Radiocarbon dating and wiggle-matching modelling placed the installation’s construction between 1525 and 1426 BCE, corroborating an earlier 14C dating. Despite challenges in cross-dating, these findings offer a crucial anchor for understanding the Late Bronze Age settlement of Nerik and its broader historical context, shedding light on socio-historical dynamics and cultural practices in the Central Black Sea Region. The absence of overlapping reference chronologies from the region underscores the need for further regional dendrochronological research for which our study lays the first foundations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105066
Vachadze Gvantsa , Gratuze Bernard
We present the analytical results obtained by LA-ICP-MS from a set of 38 glass beads of various colours dating from the 8th to the first half of the 7th century BCE, found at Tsaishi cemetery, located in the central area of historical Colchis (Georgia).
Through the comparison with published analytical data of coeval, earlier and later glass samples, the aim of this study is to investigate the provenance of Tsaishi assemblages in order to highlight the cultural influences and trading networks of the Colchis community between the 8th and the 7th centuries BC.
Tsaishi glass beads predate previously studied glass beads from Brili necropolis, located in the mountainous part of Colchis (North-west Georgia). In contrast to the compositions of the Brili glasses, the measurements of the Tsaishi glass beads do not allow for the identification of the well-established Iron Age compositional groups. Furthermore, in contrast to the other Early Iron Age sites, they do not appear to indicate the presence of typical Egyptian or Syro-Palestinian natron glass productions. Although our assemblage shows considerable compositional variability, it highlights the existence of a new group of glass recently identified in Italy and characterised by a positive cerium anomaly, as well as a group of high boron and lithium glasses. However, despite the large variation in contents for minor elements, colourless and purple glass are all part of the same group.
Comparison with other Early Iron Age glass studies points to a fairly complex situation, probably due to small scale production of raw glass and glass beads, the multitude of production sites and the diversity of recipes used by glass workers at the beginning of the first millennium B.C.
{"title":"Analysis of early Iron age glass beads (8th to 7th c. BC) from the Tsaishi necropolis (Georgia)","authors":"Vachadze Gvantsa , Gratuze Bernard","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the analytical results obtained by LA-ICP-MS from a set of 38 glass beads of various colours dating from the 8th to the first half of the 7th century BCE, found at Tsaishi cemetery, located in the central area of historical Colchis (Georgia).</div><div>Through the comparison with published analytical data of coeval, earlier and later glass samples, the aim of this study is to investigate the provenance of Tsaishi assemblages in order to highlight the cultural influences and trading networks of the Colchis community between the 8th and the 7th centuries BC.</div><div>Tsaishi glass beads predate previously studied glass beads from Brili necropolis, located in the mountainous part of Colchis (North-west Georgia). In contrast to the compositions of the Brili glasses, the measurements of the Tsaishi glass beads do not allow for the identification of the well-established Iron Age compositional groups. Furthermore, in contrast to the other Early Iron Age sites, they do not appear to indicate the presence of typical Egyptian or Syro-Palestinian natron glass productions. Although our assemblage shows considerable compositional variability, it highlights the existence of a new group of glass recently identified in Italy and characterised by a positive cerium anomaly, as well as a group of high boron and lithium glasses. However, despite the large variation in contents for minor elements, colourless and purple glass are all part of the same group.</div><div>Comparison with other Early Iron Age glass studies points to a fairly complex situation, probably due to small scale production of raw glass and glass beads, the multitude of production sites and the diversity of recipes used by glass workers at the beginning of the first millennium B.C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105053
Alleen Betzenhauser , Madeleine Evans
People who rely on maize for significant portions of their diets must process it to improve its nutritional quality, or risk severe malnutrition. A common method historically employed throughout the Western Hemisphere consisted of soaking maize kernels in an alkaline solution created from wood ash or burned carbonate material (e.g., limestone or shell), a technique referred to as nixtamalization. Recent research on pottery and limestone recovered from the East St. Louis site (11S706) by the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS) during an Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) project has yielded intriguing new data indicating nixtamalization was also practiced in the American Bottom of present-day Illinois as Cahokia grew to prominence as the first and largest Indigenous city north of Mesoamerica (ca. 900–1100 CE). A pilot study was conducted employing portable X-ray fluorescence, analyses of morphological variability and depositional contexts of archaeological samples of stumpware, and experimental use of stumpware replicas. The results of this study indicate Cahokian Mississippians and their Terminal Late Woodland predecessors nixtamalized maize using such seemingly mundane materials as locally available limestone and crude pottery utensils known as stumpware.
{"title":"Unsung Heroes of Cahokian Cuisine: Materials and methods for maize nixtamalization in southwestern Illinois","authors":"Alleen Betzenhauser , Madeleine Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People who rely on maize for significant portions of their diets must process it to improve its nutritional quality, or risk severe malnutrition. A common method historically employed throughout the Western Hemisphere consisted of soaking maize kernels in an alkaline solution created from wood ash or burned carbonate material (e.g., limestone or shell), a technique referred to as nixtamalization. Recent research on pottery and limestone recovered from the East St. Louis site (11S706) by the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS) during an Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) project has yielded intriguing new data indicating nixtamalization was also practiced in the American Bottom of present-day Illinois as Cahokia grew to prominence as the first and largest Indigenous city north of Mesoamerica (ca. 900–1100 CE). A pilot study was conducted employing portable X-ray fluorescence, analyses of morphological variability and depositional contexts of archaeological samples of stumpware, and experimental use of stumpware replicas. The results of this study indicate Cahokian Mississippians and their Terminal Late Woodland predecessors nixtamalized maize using such seemingly mundane materials as locally available limestone and crude pottery utensils known as stumpware.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105063
Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo , Marta Korczyńska-Cappenberg , Anna Głód
The archaeological excavations at Biskupice site 18 uncovered the remains of at least five Early Neolithic houses associated with the Linear Pottery Culture. This site represents the earliest known stable settlement in the Wieliczka Foothills, dating back to approximately 5200–5000 BCE, marking the initial presence of agrarian societies in this region of the Carpathian Foothills. At Early Neolithic sites located in loess areas, the density of plant remains, including wood charcoal, is typically low per litre of sediment. To obtain a representative sample of anthracological material, a large number of samples were collected during the excavation from all archaeological features. In total, 1,453 samples, amounting to 4,359 L of sediment, were analysed. Despite this extensive effort, only over 2,450 charcoal fragments were recovered. However, these fragments provided sufficient data to reconstruct the local vegetation. This study discusses two possible phases of occupation, highlighting the dominance of oak (Quercus sp.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior), which are the most abundant taxa, alongside a relatively high percentage of maple (Acer sp.) and hazel (Corylus avellana). A slight shift in wood charcoal composition is observed between the older and younger phases, with an increase in pine (Pinus sylvestris) and members of the Rosaceae family, suggesting changes in wood availability or a growing openness of the local woodlands. The anthracological analysis indicates that the primary vegetation types include mixed deciduous forests with oak-dominated communities in higher elevations, and oak-ash-elm woodlands along watercourses. The data suggest that ash played a prominent role in the deciduous woodlands of the local foothills during the Atlantic phase, a phenomenon that has not previously been observed at Early Neolithic archaeological sites in the Carpathian Foothills.
{"title":"Woodland around Early Neolithic settlement in the Carpathian Foothills. A charcoal analysis from Biskupice site 18 (southern Poland)","authors":"Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo , Marta Korczyńska-Cappenberg , Anna Głód","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The archaeological excavations at Biskupice site 18 uncovered the remains of at least five Early Neolithic houses associated with the Linear Pottery Culture. This site represents the earliest known stable settlement in the Wieliczka Foothills, dating back to approximately 5200–5000 BCE, marking the initial presence of agrarian societies in this region of the Carpathian Foothills. At Early Neolithic sites located in loess areas, the density of plant remains, including wood charcoal, is typically low per litre of sediment. To obtain a representative sample of anthracological material, a large number of samples were collected during the excavation from all archaeological features. In total, 1,453 samples, amounting to 4,359 L of sediment, were analysed. Despite this extensive effort, only over 2,450 charcoal fragments were recovered. However, these fragments provided sufficient data to reconstruct the local vegetation. This study discusses two possible phases of occupation, highlighting the dominance of oak (<em>Quercus</em> sp.) and ash (<em>Fraxinus excelsior</em>), which are the most abundant taxa, alongside a relatively high percentage of maple (<em>Acer</em> sp.) and hazel (<em>Corylus avellana</em>). A slight shift in wood charcoal composition is observed between the older and younger phases, with an increase in pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) and members of the Rosaceae family, suggesting changes in wood availability or a growing openness of the local woodlands. The anthracological analysis indicates that the primary vegetation types include mixed deciduous forests with oak-dominated communities in higher elevations, and oak-ash-elm woodlands along watercourses. The data suggest that ash played a prominent role in the deciduous woodlands of the local foothills during the Atlantic phase, a phenomenon that has not previously been observed at Early Neolithic archaeological sites in the Carpathian Foothills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105065
Sebastián Vargas-Vázquez , Esther Ontiveros-Ortega , José Beltrán-Fortes
In this paper, an archaeometric study undertaken on the marble materials that were part of the roof of the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain) is presented. This is one of the most important buildings in Italica from the Hadrianic period. The materials analyzed consist of imbrices, fragments of tegula, and a gargoyle belonging to the cornice of this building. Its objective is to identify the origin of the marble used in its production and consequently expand our knowledge about the use of stone materials in the Traianeum. The petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic (C and O) analyses of the samples were compared with data from other pieces from the Traianeum, previously studied, as well as with material stone from local quarries of Almadén de la Plata (Seville), among others. The results indicate the use of Carrara marble in the elaboration of the Sanctuary’s roofs and confirm the importance of this material in Italica in Hadrian’s time. The application of a multi-method approach has made it possible to establish criteria for the differentiation between these marbles, in which geochemical and isotopic data play a key role. Geochemical differences have been observed in the Carrara marble used in the construction of the temple and the portico, and there is a need to use several chemical analysis methods in combination to cover the widest range of detection of both major and trace chemical elements. Finally, the importance of prior knowledge of archaeological materials, their proper registration, and setting is indicated since, due to the overlapping of data that may be presented by the different analysis techniques, these aspects may be key to the correct identification of the origin of the marbles of antiquity.
{"title":"Archaeometric analysis of marbles located in the construction of the roof from the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain)","authors":"Sebastián Vargas-Vázquez , Esther Ontiveros-Ortega , José Beltrán-Fortes","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an archaeometric study undertaken on the marble materials that were part of the roof of the <em>Traianeum</em> of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain) is presented. This is one of the most important buildings in Italica from the Hadrianic period. The materials analyzed consist of imbrices, fragments of tegula, and a gargoyle belonging to the cornice of this building. Its objective is to identify the origin of the marble used in its production and consequently expand our knowledge about the use of stone materials in the <em>Traianeum</em>. The petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic (C and O) analyses of the samples were compared with data from other pieces from the <em>Traianeum</em>, previously studied, as well as with material stone from local quarries of Almadén de la Plata (Seville), among others. The results indicate the use of Carrara marble in the elaboration of the Sanctuary’s roofs and confirm the importance of this material in <em>Italica</em> in Hadrian’s time. The application of a multi-method approach has made it possible to establish criteria for the differentiation between these marbles, in which geochemical and isotopic data play a key role. Geochemical differences have been observed in the Carrara marble used in the construction of the temple and the portico, and there is a need to use several chemical analysis methods in combination to cover the widest range of detection of both major and trace chemical elements. Finally, the importance of prior knowledge of archaeological materials, their proper registration, and setting is indicated since, due to the overlapping of data that may be presented by the different analysis techniques, these aspects may be key to the correct identification of the origin of the marbles of antiquity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105051
Üftade Muşkara , Seda Karayünlü Bozbaş , Mustafa B. Telli , Ayşin Konak
The “Neolithic transformation” is characterized by major changes in human history, including advancements in cognitive skills, technological knowledge, social organization, and the establishment of permanent settlements with elaborate architecture. Around 12,000 years ago, Anatolia became a key region as hunter-gatherer communities transitioned to a settled lifestyle. Its rich natural resources, including lithic raw materials and metal ores, played a crucial role in supporting early human settlement and technological advancements. The origins of metallurgy have generally been classified following a sequence of technological development influenced by social and cultural organization. The artifacts related to copper production at Gre Fılla were examined using a multi-analytical approach, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and handheld X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). The results support the hypothesis that prehistoric experimentation likely played a role in leading to different pathways of development in each region. Our findings suggest a multifaceted picture of the early Neolithic period in Eurasia, including the spread of innovation packages, local traditions, and adaptations.
{"title":"Early copper production by the last hunter-gatherers","authors":"Üftade Muşkara , Seda Karayünlü Bozbaş , Mustafa B. Telli , Ayşin Konak","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “Neolithic transformation” is characterized by major changes in human history, including advancements in cognitive skills, technological knowledge, social organization, and the establishment of permanent settlements with elaborate architecture. Around 12,000 years ago, Anatolia became a key region as hunter-gatherer communities transitioned to a settled lifestyle. Its rich natural resources, including lithic raw materials and metal ores, played a crucial role in supporting early human settlement and technological advancements. The origins of metallurgy have generally been classified following a sequence of technological development influenced by social and cultural organization. The artifacts related to copper production at Gre Fılla were examined using a multi-analytical approach, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and handheld X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). The results support the hypothesis that prehistoric experimentation likely played a role in leading to different pathways of development in each region. Our findings suggest a multifaceted picture of the early Neolithic period in Eurasia, including the spread of innovation packages, local traditions, and adaptations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105054
Barbara Veselka , Tessi Löffelmann , Hannah F. James , Joris Brattinga , Arjan Louwen , Guy De Mulder , Lucas Meurkens , Charlotte Sabaux , Guido van den Eynde , Christophe Snoeck
The Late Bronze-Early Iron Age (LBA-EIA) urnfield of Tilburg-Udenhoutseweg yielded 229 cremation graves with various features. This large cemetery is a unique opportunity to reconstruct LBA-EIA population dynamics in the southeast of the Netherlands, where few of such large urnfields have been excavated. The combination of demographic data, strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of 109 selected cremation deposits, spatial organisation, and radiocarbon dates allows for the reconstruction of the social organisation of the past population from Tilburg-Udenhoutseweg. Although no age- or sex related pattern in spatial organisation or radiocarbon dating could be observed, the difference between the nonadult mean 87Sr/86Sr of the diaphysis (0.7112), the female mean (0.7107), and the male mean (0.7099), is statistically significant. Both females and nonadults have 87Sr/86Sr that suggest a divergent diet, indicating age- and sex-related local/regional mobility and/or preferential landscape use, whereby a strict sense of patrilocality appears to be lacking. One nonadult yielded 87Sr/86Sr currently not found in the Netherlands (0.7146), suggesting the existing social networks to span across a large area, potentially towards the south of Belgium. Future study of the grave goods will increase our understanding of the extend of the social networks and the exchange of people, goods, and ideas.
{"title":"Lively landscapes: Sex- and age-related differences in diet and land use characterising a Late Bronze-Early Iron Age community from Tilburg, the Netherlands","authors":"Barbara Veselka , Tessi Löffelmann , Hannah F. James , Joris Brattinga , Arjan Louwen , Guy De Mulder , Lucas Meurkens , Charlotte Sabaux , Guido van den Eynde , Christophe Snoeck","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Late Bronze-Early Iron Age (LBA-EIA)<!--> <!-->urnfield of Tilburg-Udenhoutseweg yielded 229 cremation graves with various features.<!--> <!-->This large cemetery is a unique opportunity to reconstruct LBA-EIA population dynamics in the southeast of the Netherlands, where few of such large urnfields have been excavated. The combination of demographic data, strontium isotope ratios (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr)<!--> <!-->of 109 selected cremation<!--> <!-->deposits, spatial organisation, and radiocarbon dates allows for the reconstruction of the social organisation of the past population from Tilburg-Udenhoutseweg. Although no age- or sex related pattern in spatial organisation or radiocarbon dating could be observed, the difference between the nonadult mean<!--> <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr of the diaphysis (0.7112), the female mean (0.7107), and the male mean (0.7099), is statistically significant. Both females and nonadults have<!--> <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr that suggest a divergent<!--> <!-->diet, indicating age- and sex-related local/regional mobility and/or preferential landscape use, whereby a strict sense of patrilocality appears to be lacking. One nonadult<!--> <!-->yielded<!--> <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr<!--> <!-->currently not found in the Netherlands (0.7146), suggesting the existing social networks to span across a large area, potentially towards the south of Belgium. Future study of the<!--> <!-->grave goods will increase our understanding of the extend of the social networks and the exchange of people, goods, and ideas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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