Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"Coloured glass bracelets from Middle Byzantine (11th–12th century CE) Morava and Braničevo (Serbia)","authors":"Roman Balvanović ,&nbsp;Žiga Šmit ,&nbsp;Milica Marić Stojanović ,&nbsp;Dragana Spasić-Đurić ,&nbsp;Teodora Branković","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forty-one samples, primarily glass bracelets, from the 11th–12th century Byzantine towns of Morava and Braničevo in Serbia were analyzed using simultaneous PIXE/PIGE. The analysis identified three types of flux: natron, plant ash, and evaporitic mineral soda. The natron glass exhibited Levantine characteristics, but extensive recycling obscured its specific group classification. Plant ash glass displayed typical compositional traits of Levantine plant ash glasses, with most samples showing evidence of recycling with natron glass. Evaporitic mineral soda glasses were traced to two distinct sources, differentiated by their boron and strontium concentrations, likely Anatolian. The evaporitic mineral soda turquoise bracelets from Braničevo resemble bracelets from Ḥiṣn al-Tīnāt in eastern Anatolia, which were produced using alkali flux derived from thermal spring evaporites. Black natron bracelets were colored with high iron concentrations. Black glasses produced from plant ash, mixed plant ash, and evaporitic mineral soda were coloured with lower iron levels in a reduced furnace atmosphere. Cobalt-blue bracelets were colored with a CoCu-type cobalt colorant, appearing in two variants: one with high zinc content, similar to the cobalt-zinc colorant found in contemporary Islamic plant ash glasses, and another with low zinc content, derived from a different cobalt ore. The diversity of raw materials sources highlights the complexity and vibrancy of Byzantine glass trade networks during the 11th–12th centuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7th ARCH_RNT (Archaeological Research and New Technologies) Proceedings","authors":"Nikolaos Zacharias ,&nbsp;Nerantzis Nerantzis,&nbsp;Eleni Palamara","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143347377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limestone bowls at the dawn of pottery production in the southern Levant: The case of Yarmukian Sha‘ar Hagolan","authors":"Danny Rosenberg ,&nbsp;Yosef Garfinkel","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stone vessels first appeared in the southern Levant during the Upper Palaeolithic period, whereas pottery was introduced to the region at ca. 6,400 cal BC by the Yarmukian culture of the Pottery Neolithic period. Since the Yarmukian culture was first discovered, numerous studies have been devoted to the typo-technological characteristics of its pottery. A recent comprehensive study we conducted on the Pottery Neolithic period, demonstrated that the introduction of ceramic technology had no significant effect on stone vessel production, which continued to flourish throughout the Pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. While this suggests that stone and pottery vessels were produced and used differently, operating in discrete techno-functional systems, the technological characteristics of stone vessel production were hardly studied in comparable detail. The current paper focuses on the production of limestone vessels in the well-known Yarmukian site of Sha‘ar Hagolan. We will present and discuss these vessels’ characteristics, their technology and contexts of production, as well as contexts of use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143347378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the relationship between sound, acoustics, and San rock art: An archaeoacoustic study at twenty-seven sites in the Maloti-Drakensberg mountains (South Africa)","authors":"Neemias Santos Da Rosa ,&nbsp;Lidia Alvarez-Morales ,&nbsp;Diego Moreno-Iglesias ,&nbsp;Ghilraen Laue ,&nbsp;Margarita Díaz-Andreu","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past two decades, scholars have proposed the existence of a strong relationship between sound, acoustics, and the production of San rock art in certain places. However, this intriguing hypothesis had never been tested through the systematic application of a rigorous method to a substantial sample of sites. In this paper, we present an unprecedented archaeoacoustic study conducted at 27 shelters with San paintings located in the Maloti-Drakensberg mountains (South Africa). The results obtained through the use of the impulse response (IR) method indicate that such a relationship should not be considered a pattern, but a circumstantial occurrence identified only in specific parts of the South African territory. Drawing on these data, we suggest that in our study area, the choice of sites to be painted may have been predominantly influenced by ontological beliefs concerning how the San perceived the shelters and the surrounding landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104900"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pigmented supports in the upper Palaeolithic: Unravelling origins and intentionality on red-pigmented support at the Lagar Velho rock shelter (Portugal)","authors":"Joan Daura ,&nbsp;Marcos García-Diez ,&nbsp;Montserrat Sanz ,&nbsp;Tariq Jawhari ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Costa ,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ochre, a natural pigment, has been a significant element in prehistoric cultures, particularly during the Palaeolithic, with various applications in artistic, ritual, and domestic contexts. This paper focuses on the red-pigmented support found at the Lagar Velho rock shelter (Portugal) and seeks to elucidate its origin, the processes behind its pigmentation, and its intentionality. The limestone support was found in proximity to the Lapedo child burial, dated to the Gravettian, prompting an investigation into its role and the nature of its pigmentation. Detailed analysis, including visual examination, digital image enhancement, microscopic observation, and Raman spectroscopy, revealed that the pigmentation primarily consists of haematite. The sequence of events leading to the pigmentation on the limestone support involves sediment accumulation, surface abrasion, and finally, the application of red colour. The “barcode”-like design on the support likely resulted from unintentional rubbing or contact with red pigment previously deposited in the shelter, potentially associated with the nearby burial. The analyses carried out on this finding suggest that the red colouration was not a result of deliberate artistic or symbolic behaviour but rather a passive process, either natural or anthropic, linked to the block’s movement and its interaction with deposited red pigment.</div><div>In summary, the study underscores the importance of a comprehensive and well-grounded approach in examining pigmented supports in Palaeolithic contexts. It demonstrates that understanding the nature and origin of pigmentation involves not only analysing patterns but also considering the specific context and processes that led to its deposition. The examination of the Lagar Velho limestone support serves as an example of how taphonomic processes can influence the appearance of colouration in non-artistic contexts, challenging conventional interpretations of such finds in the European Upper Palaeolithic framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When smoke is in the air: An experimental approach to characterise fuel emissions on past humans dwellings","authors":"A. Robledo ,&nbsp;A. Burguet-Coca ,&nbsp;M. Berihuete-Azorín ,&nbsp;S. Bianco ,&nbsp;J. Pallarès ,&nbsp;S. Cito ,&nbsp;B. Garay-Palacios ,&nbsp;E. Allué","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire, since it became a feature of daily life, had a great significance for humans in the past. When reconstructing fire use and maintenance it is important to know what kinds of fuels were being used as energetic resources and how these were managed. We present the first results of a project that aims to investigate how important was the use of fire and how was the awareness or knowledge about the health effects on people. The objective is to study wellbeing (health and habitability) in prehistoric communities from Palaeolithic occupations in Iberian Península. Our research focuses on the identification of patterns that could refer to the decision making regarding the type of dwelling, as well as the size, ventilation, location of hearths and type of fuel used. Fire experiments were made in the cave Cova Manena (Tarragona, Spain) and in open air locations: Paleolítico Vivo and CAREX (Burgos, Spain) and Molí del Salt (Tarragona, Spain) archaeological site surroundings. The main fuel used was <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> in order to evaluate fuel management and combustion practices. In the experiments we have registered meteorological conditions, hearth temperatures, radiative heat and fine particles emissions using different tools. Results showed smoke emissions and hearth temperature are related to firewood state (dry, semi-decayed and decayed) and environmental conditions (rain, wind direction and speed). This has allowed us to monitor several data in order to analyse air quality as well as habitability conditions in the different dwelling scenarios regarding health and wellbeing of the prehistoric communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104944"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary reconstruction of domestic mammals in the Keriya Valley (Xinjiang, China) during the Bronze and Iron Ages using stable isotope analysis of animal hair","authors":"Clara Azémard ,&nbsp;Sebastien Lepetz ,&nbsp;Corinne Debaine-Francfort ,&nbsp;Idriss Abduressul ,&nbsp;Denis Fiorillo ,&nbsp;Séverine Zirah ,&nbsp;Antoine Zazzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textiles can provide a wealth of information about the practices of ancient cultures. Here we present the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of a large corpus of well-preserved animal fibres from two Bronze and Iron Age sites in the Keriya Valley (Xinjiang, NW China), an area which lies at the crossroads of exchange and circulation of goods, practices and culture in Eurasia. Our aim is to reconstruct the diets of domesticated herbivores (goat, sheep, cattle, camel) found at these sites in order to shed light on pastoral practices. Caprines and cattle relied heavily on C₃ plants with a δ¹³C mean ratio of −19.8 ± 1.5 ‰ and −20.3 ± 1.8 ‰ respectively, in accordance with other studies in Xinjiang. Occasional consumption of C₄ plants is also observed in caprines. These variations may be due to herd mobility and/or seasonal availability of local vegetation or textile trade. Two Iron Age individuals (a camel and a bovid) show a high C₄ plants intake. This diet is highly unusual in this context and specific herding practices with millet feeding could be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflectance transformation imaging at a microscopic level: A new device and method for collaborative research on artifact use-wear analysis","authors":"Jerome Robitaille","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper outlines the technical foundation and operational principles of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) technology, emphasizing its pivotal role in archaeological artifact analysis and documentation. It reflects on RTI studies to demonstrate its significant impact in providing detailed multi-directional insights, particularly in use-wear analysis. A comparative assessment of images captured through different techniques reveals that Microscopic-RTI delivers exceptionally comprehensive information, markedly enhancing the visual representation of active tool surfaces. These findings accentuate the substantial value of Microscopic-RTI in research and documentation for use-wear analysis, affirming its effectiveness as an integral and complementary tool alongside other imaging technologies.</div><div>This study demonstrates that RTI can successfully examine features at a microscopic level. Specifically, it evaluates various microscopy-scale photography methods, focusing on the ‘highlight’ method (H-RTI) for documenting sub-millimetre details, such as those examined in use-wear analysis. The study investigates the implementation of Microscopic-RTI, a novel RTI method that utilizes a microscope, for the exaination and documentation of archaeological and experimental use-wear on stone tools. This technique enables the capture of fine surface details that may not be identifiable through ordinary photography and microscopy.</div><div>Given the prohibiting cost of an RTI dome, this study proposes the cost-effective make-shift construction of a simile dome and reviews how it functions along with appropriate RTI programs for documentation of use-wear, hoping to propel the subdiscipline of use-wear analysis to more accurate and objective documentation and interpretation of use-wear which can be widely shared and used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Island Southeast Asia and ancient glass exchange: Insights from jar burial sites in Bacong, central Philippines","authors":"Alexandra De Leon ,&nbsp;Laure Dussubieux ,&nbsp;Laura Junker ,&nbsp;Eusebio Dizon","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Much remains unknown about the participation of Philippine social groups in ancient glass trade during the period known in the Philippines as the “Metal Age” (ca. 500 BCE – 1000 CE). This study hopes to address the poor understanding of ancient glass exchange in the Philippines through the examination of glass beads recovered from the Bacong region jar burials in Central Philippines. Elemental analysis using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is utilized to address questions on compositional similarity of Bacong glass beads with glass beads from South and Southeast Asia and identify networks of exchange Bacong communities took part in. Compositional analysis determines that there are four types of glass found in Bacong including mineral soda-high alumina glass (m-Na-Al), mineral soda glass with moderate lime and alumina concentrations (m-Na-Ca-Al), soda plant ash and lime silica glass (v-Na-Ca) and potash (K) glass. Additionally, the Sr and Nd isotope signatures of two m-Na-Al 1 and two m-Na-Ca-Al beads were measured in an attempt to elucidate more precisely their provenance. The isotope results study determines that these glass beads are likely sourced from Sri Lanka and South India reflecting maritime exchange between island Southeast Asian communities with South Asia possibly in the early to mid-first millennium CE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104946"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weaving traditions based on activity patterns in a pre-Columbian Diaguita community (AD 900 – 1536) of the semi-arid region of Chile","authors":"Rodrigo Retamal ,&nbsp;Paola González ,&nbsp;Aryel Pacheco","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104967","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aims to analyze patterns of entheseal changes to infer activity patterns in a sample (n = 112) of adult individuals from the El Olivar cemetery, Coquimbo Region, Chile.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The degree of muscular development was evaluated at 32 entheses for both the right and left sides of the appendicular skeleton. In cases where entheses were absent, univariate imputations were performed using ordinal logistic regressions. The entheses were grouped according to their primary movements. Muscle groups were standardized and analyzed independently by sex to control for sexual dimorphism. Age-related effects were addressed using ordinary regression models, and individuals with spondyloarthropathies (n = 10) were removed from the sample. Factor analysis was conducted for both non-imputed and imputed variables, and the results were compared and interpreted to infer movements and activity patterns among the analyzed individuals. Inferred activities were compared with available archaeological and ethnographic data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Males exhibited greater robustness in certain movements and on the right side, while females displayed lower robustness with no side differences. Distinct movement distributions along the first and second factors were observed between the sexes. Females concentrated thigh and upper limb movements as primary contributions to the first factor, whereas leg and foot movements contributed significantly to the second factor. Males showed a more scattered distribution of movements, with most upper limb movements primarily located on the right side of the plot, indicating a substantial contribution to the first factor. The right and left upper limbs among males demonstrated different movement distributions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;After controlling for confounding factors, movements displayed an unequal distribution between males and females, suggesting that other factors may be related, such as the performance of different activities associated with workload and daily tasks. The concentration of upper limb and thigh movements in higher values of the first factor among females indicates activities primarily involving these body parts, while the lower limb remained fixed, as in kneeling or squatting positions. The second factor suggests activities like walking or running, which primarily engage the lower limb, with less involvement of the upper limb. Male movements appear to exhibit greater variability compared to female movements. Factor analyses indicate that shoulder movements and elbow flexion suggest engagement in activities requiring a wide range of upper limb movements. Furthermore, side associations imply that males engaged in certain activities that preferentially utilized one upper limb over the other. Grave goods from this site suggest deliberate ritual practices that intertwined the identities of certain individuals with specific act","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104967"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}