Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献_第7页

Osteometric examination of sheep and goat metapodial bones in Komana ancient city in the Turkish period (12th to 14th century) 土耳其时期（12 至 14 世纪）科玛纳古城绵羊和山羊元骨的骨计量学检查

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104794

Filiz Koyuncu , Burcu Onuk , Evangelia Pişkin , Serhat Arslan , Sokol Duro

The osteometric study was performed on the metapodial bones of sheep and goats found during archaeological excavations in the site of Komana, Tokat, Turkey, dated in 12th-14th AD. The purpose of this study was to provide data on the variation of these animals after the Byzantine era, during the period of consolidation of the Turkish rule in Anatolia. The main research questions focus on whether flocks of sheep and goats were introduced to Anatolia by the Turkish people, as well as on the phylogenetic development history of these animals in a little-studied period. Morphometric measurements were meticulously taken from 480 metapodial bone fragments, followed by calculations and statistical analyses. This research confirms that different parameters used for metapodial bone measurements can effectively aid in species identification. On average, the estimated shoulder heights derived from these measurements were 59.24 cm for sheep and 64.31 cm for goats. Macroscopic examination revealed evidence of butchery activities on 65 of the bone fragments. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the morphology of animals from the ancient site of Komana. The shoulder height analysis indicates that the sheep were relatively small, comparable to those from earlier periods, while the goats were of medium size, similar to those from the Byzantine period.

这项骨计量学研究是对在土耳其托卡特的科马纳遗址考古发掘过程中发现的绵羊和山羊的元趾骨进行的，发掘时间为公元 12-14 年。这项研究的目的是提供拜占庭时代之后土耳其在安纳托利亚的统治巩固时期这些动物的变异数据。主要研究问题集中在土耳其人是否将成群的绵羊和山羊引入安纳托利亚，以及这些动物在一个鲜有研究的时期的系统发育历史。对 480 块跖骨碎片进行了细致的形态测量，然后进行了计算和统计分析。这项研究证实，用于元趾骨测量的不同参数可以有效地帮助进行物种鉴定。通过测量得出的估计肩高平均为：绵羊 59.24 厘米，山羊 64.31 厘米。宏观检查发现 65 块骨头碎片上有屠宰活动的痕迹。总之，这项研究为了解科马纳古遗址动物的形态提供了宝贵的资料。肩高分析表明，绵羊的体型相对较小，与早期的绵羊相当，而山羊的体型中等，与拜占庭时期的山羊相似。

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引用次数: 0

Thermally-Shocked and fire-cracked Rock: Defining attributes of archaeological boiling stones 热冲击岩和火裂岩：考古沸石的定义属性

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104796

Kate Shantry

This work investigates ancient heating technologies via fire-cracked rock (FCR) analysis to inform upon foodways and land-use intensification. How FCR was used in the past is quite variable globally, and depends on such factors as the organization of settlements and use of raw materials at multiple scales. This analysis identifies thermal properties that influence fracture mechanics relevant to fire-cracked rock (FCR) recovered from many types of archaeological sites around the world. This article has two goals. The first is to establish macroscopic attributes diagnostic for boiling stones, a sub-class of FCR that can inform on acquisition and use life based on thermal properties. The second is to present sampling considerations for FCR analyses.

Building on results of an earlier study (Shantry 2020), four material types—basalt, basaltic andesite, diorite, and granodiorite—are examined here microscopically to determine what makes them resistant to thermal shock and preferable for boiling tasks. The four material types were imaged on a microprobe and examined petrographically before and after thermal shock. Results show strong bonding and smooth textures influence the resistance to thermal shock in these igneous rocks. Attributes of crazing on cortex, crenulated edges, intersecting fracture lines, and peak fractures were found to be the result of thermal shock.

Sampling for FCR should include a variety of primary and secondary contexts to capture the entire use-life of the materials. Accumulation of FCR involves decisions related to acquisition and management of raw materials. Feature contexts where FCR is associated with other materials greatly inform on the nature of hot rock usage. However, FCR is commonly found in secondary contexts or on the periphery of feature deposits. Sampling methods that can accommodate FCR outside of feature contexts are likely to provide finer-grained understandings of heating technologies.

这项研究通过对火裂岩（FCR）的分析来研究古代的取暖技术，从而为饮食方式和土地使用的集约化提供信息。过去如何使用火裂岩在全球范围内变化很大，取决于定居点的组织和多种规模的原材料使用等因素。这项分析确定了影响从世界各地多种类型考古遗址中发掘出的火成岩（FCR）断裂力学的热特性。本文有两个目标。首先是确定沸石的宏观诊断属性，沸石是火裂纹岩石的一个子类，可以根据热属性来确定获取和使用年限。在早期研究（Shantry 2020 年）结果的基础上，本文对四种材料类型--玄武岩、玄武安山岩、闪长岩和花岗闪长岩--进行了显微研究，以确定是什么使它们具有抗热震性并更适合用于沸腾任务。在热冲击前后，对这四种材料进行了微探针成像和岩石学研究。结果表明，这些火成岩的强粘结性和光滑纹理影响了它们的抗热震性。皮层上的裂纹、边缘的细圆齿、相交的断裂线和峰值断裂都是热冲击的结果。FCR 的积累涉及与原材料的获取和管理相关的决策。矿物碎屑与其他材料相关联的地貌背景可极大地说明热石使用的性质。不过，熔融碳酸钙通常出现在次要背景或地貌沉积物的外围。如果采样方法能够在地貌背景之外采集到熔融金属铬，那么就有可能提供对加热技术的更精细的了解。

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引用次数: 0

New Neolithic finds from the highlands between Central Anatolia and Cilicia 安纳托利亚中部和西里西亚之间高地的新石器时代新发现

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104802

Abdullah Hacar , Nilay Çetin , Yakup Ünlüler

During archaeological survey carried out in 2017–2021 in the highlands of the northern Central Taurus, a new permanent settlement (Hacıbekirli-Karayer) and a number of seasonal sites dated to the Neolithic Period were discovered. This area is characterized by important geological and geographical features, fertile pastures, polymetallic ores and natural passages connecting Central Anatolia and Cilicia (and also the Levant) that may have affected prehistoric cultural development. Particularly in the context of the circulation of obsidian into Southwest Asia during the Epipaleolithic and Neolithic periods and its effects on the Neolithization of Central Anatolia, several questions have been raised for the region. The permanent Neolithic site of Hacıbekirli-Karayer, located in one of the primary natural passes connecting Central Anatolia and Cilicia, and other sites in the highlands may provide information about these questions.

2017-2021 年在中陶鲁斯山脉北部高地进行考古调查期间，发现了一个新的永久性定居点（Hacıbekirli-Karayer）和一些季节性遗址，其年代可追溯到新石器时代。该地区具有重要的地质和地理特征、肥沃的牧场、多金属矿以及连接安纳托利亚中部和西里西亚（以及黎凡特）的天然通道，这些都可能影响到史前文化的发展。特别是在上旧石器时代和新石器时代黑曜石进入西南亚的流通及其对安纳托利亚中部新石器时代的影响方面，对该地区提出了几个问题。位于连接安纳托利亚中部和西里西亚的主要天然通道之一的新石器时代永久遗址 Hacıbekirli-Karayer 以及高原地区的其他遗址可能会提供有关这些问题的信息。

引用次数: 0

Technological choices and practices of Early Bronze Age pottery production in the Central Plains: Focusing on the sites of Xinzhai and Huadizui 中原地区青铜时代早期陶器生产的技术选择与实践：以新寨和花地嘴遗址为中心

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104803

Chao Yuan

Aspects of the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2050–1640 BCE) pottery production technology and knowledge transfer in the Central Plains of China (i.e., the Zhengzhou-Luoyang area) were studied. To this aim, 120 domestic pottery samples and ten geological samples from two central sites at Xinzhai and Huadizui were studied macroscopically and analysed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Based on a discussion of macroscopical evidence and chemical composition, the results tentatively indicate the technological knowledge transfer between the potters in Xinzhai and Huadizui sites despite being located about 80 km apart. Pottery of the same category was manufactured with similar selection and preparation strategies of ceramic raw materials, decorated with similar patterns, and adopted similar forming techniques. More specifically, the cookware from the Xinzhai and Huadizui sites was hand-made and Ca-poor, while the storage- and drinking wares were wheel-made and Ca-rich. These results likely indicate the existence of one overarching community of practice, potters located at Xinzhai and Huadizui, who shared strategies for raw materials selection, paste preparation, and finishing.

研究了中国中原地区（即郑州-洛阳地区）青铜时代早期（约公元前 2050-1640 年）陶器生产技术和知识传播的各个方面。为此，对来自新寨和花地嘴两个中心遗址的 120 件国内陶器样品和 10 件地质样品进行了宏观研究和 X 射线荧光光谱分析。根据对宏观证据和化学成分的讨论，结果初步表明，尽管新寨遗址和花地嘴遗址相距约 80 公里，但两处遗址的陶工之间存在技术知识的转移。同类陶器的制造采用了相似的陶瓷原料选择和制备策略，装饰有相似的图案，并采用了相似的成型技术。更具体地说，新寨遗址和花地嘴遗址出土的炊器是手工制作的，钙含量低；而储物器和饮酒器则是轮制的，钙含量高。这些结果很可能表明，新寨和花地嘴遗址的陶工存在一个总体的实践社区，他们在原料选择、浆料制备和表面处理方面共享策略。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying the last 7500 years of land-use changes on the island of Karmøy, southwestern Norway, with focus on three periods with monumental burial mounds 量化挪威西南部卡尔莫伊岛过去 7500 年的土地使用变化，重点关注有纪念碑墓冢的三个时期

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104797

Lisbeth Prøsch-Danielsen , Erik Daniel Fredh , Catherine Jessen

The northern part of the island Karmøy in southwestern Norway contain one of Scandinavia’s largest assemblages of monumental burial mounds. The size and rich grave goods of the mounds demonstrate three separate periods of elite societies from the Bronze Age Period II/III (1300 BCE) until the final ship graves were constructed in the Merovingian Period (550–800 CE). In this study, the vegetation history and land-use practices are reconstructed from 5500 BCE to 2000 CE, with a focus on the three phases with burial mounds. We examine whether the elite societies formed due to a surplus in the agro-pastoral economy or due to the islands strategic position near the Karmsund Strait. The regional scale vegetation is reconstructed using REVEALS and the local scale vegetation is based on a pollen record from Lake Bøvatn and the LOVE model. The results show that the breakthrough of agriculture with cereal production started in the region c. 2000 BCE with a reduction in forest cover 500–700 years before the first monumental burial mounds were constructed. This agricultural practice probably created the surplus needed for the development of the first elite society. Woodland cover was reduced to c. 50 % on a regional scale between c. 1 and 500 CE (representing the second phase of burial mounds), while on a local scale around Lake Bøvatn the woodland cover was absent. A simultaneous increase in animal husbandry and cereal cultivation, suggests population expansion. During the third phase, between c. 650 and 820 CE, the subsistence strategy appears to be more focused on animal husbandry, which is less labour intensive. The pollen composition from one of the ship graves, Storhaug, indicates that the surrounding landscape was dominated by heather and grassland. The strategic location near the Karmsund Strait became increasingly important over time, especially in the period corresponding to the third phase of burial mounds. This study shows the complex relationship between physical landscape properties and the development of elite societies as well as the benefit of combining archaeological and palaeoecologial data to study past societal change.

挪威西南部的卡尔莫伊岛北部拥有斯堪的纳维亚最大的古墓群之一。从青铜时代第二/三期（公元前 1300 年）到墨洛温王朝时期（公元前 550-800 年）建造的最后一批船墓，这些墓冢的规模和丰富的墓葬物品展示了三个不同时期的精英社会。在本研究中，我们重建了公元前 5500 年至公元前 2000 年的植被历史和土地使用方式，并重点研究了有墓冢的三个阶段。我们研究了精英社会的形成是由于农牧经济的盈余，还是由于岛屿靠近卡姆松海峡的战略地位。使用 REVEALS 重建了区域尺度的植被，并根据博瓦特恩湖的花粉记录和 LOVE 模型重建了地方尺度的植被。研究结果表明，公元前 2000 年左右，该地区开始出现以谷物生产为主的农业突破，森林覆盖率下降，距第一座不朽墓冢的建造还有 500-700 年。这种农业实践很可能为第一个精英社会的发展创造了所需的剩余。约公元前 1 到 500 年间，林地覆盖率在区域范围内减少到约 50%（代表第二阶段的墓葬群），而在博瓦特恩湖周围的地方范围内，林地覆盖率已经消失。畜牧业和谷物种植的同时增长表明人口在扩张。在第三阶段，即大约公元 650 年至 820 年期间，生存策略似乎更加侧重于畜牧业，而畜牧业的劳动强度较低。其中一个名为斯托豪格（Storhaug）的船墓中的花粉成分表明，周围的地貌以石南花和草地为主。随着时间的推移，靠近卡姆松海峡的战略位置变得越来越重要，尤其是在与第三阶段墓葬群相对应的时期。这项研究显示了自然景观属性与精英社会发展之间的复杂关系，以及结合考古学和古生态学数据研究过去社会变迁的益处。

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引用次数: 0

Reflections on hide-working: Interpreting inter-site variability on Vlaardingen group sites through use-wear analysis on scrapers from Den Haag Steynhof 对兽皮加工的思考：通过对 Den Haag Steynhof 出土的刮削器进行使用磨损分析，解读弗拉尔丁根遗址群遗址间的变异性

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104787

Markella Petrogiannaki, Annelou Van Gijn

As part of the Putting Life into Late Neolithic Houses¹ project this study focuses on hide-working traces, as an argument in the discussion about the occupation duration in Vlaardingen group sites (3400–2500 BCE), located in the Rhine/Meuse basin. Our working hypothesis suggested that traces of initial stages of hide-working would be dominant in temporary extraction camps, while traces of later and more time-consuming hide-working activities would represent permanent settlements. For that matter experiments with fresh hide scraping and dehairing were conducted accordingly with results demonstrating that, under certain conditions, traces of dry hide scraping can be differentiated from those of dehairing. The archaeological material studied comes from the permanent coastal dune site of Den Haag Steynhof, and includes 37 flint scrapers from zone 5. Notably, matching traces were found between scrapers experimentally used for dehairing and three of the scrapers from the archaeological assemblage, making Steynhof the first Vlaardingen group site to have yielded such traces. Furthermore, our results showed that in Steynhof later stages of hide-working, as well as resharpening, were represented better than the initial stages of hide-working. Our hypothesis is further confirmed by the fact that this pattern can also be observed in other permanent settlements of the Vlaardingen group, while in the temporary extraction camp of Hekelingen III traces of the initial stages are dominant. Consequently, variation in hide-working traces could be used to infer information about the occupation duration of Vlaardingen group sites as well as other Neolithic sites in the region characterised by the ‘broad spectrum economy’.

作为 "让新石器时代晚期的房屋焕发生机 "1 项目的一部分，本研究侧重于兽皮加工的痕迹，以此作为讨论位于莱茵河/默兹河盆地的弗拉尔丁根遗址群（公元前 3400-2500 年）占用时间长短的论据。我们的工作假设认为，初期阶段的兽皮加工痕迹在临时采掘营地中占主导地位，而后期和更耗时的兽皮加工活动痕迹则代表永久性定居点。为此，我们进行了新皮刮削和脱毛实验，结果表明，在某些条件下，干皮刮削和脱毛的痕迹可以区分开来。所研究的考古材料来自 Den Haag Steynhof 的永久性沿海沙丘遗址，包括第 5 区的 37 件燧石刮削器。值得注意的是，在实验中用于脱毛的刮削器与考古组合中的三件刮削器之间发现了匹配的痕迹，这使得斯泰恩霍夫成为第一个发现此类痕迹的弗拉尔丁根遗址。此外，我们的研究结果表明，在斯泰恩霍夫，兽皮加工的后期阶段以及修磨阶段比兽皮加工的初期阶段得到了更好的体现。我们的假设还得到了以下事实的进一步证实：在弗拉尔丁根族群的其他永久性聚居地也可以观察到这种模式，而在赫克林根三号临时采掘营地则主要是初期阶段的痕迹。因此，兽皮加工痕迹的变化可以用来推断弗拉尔丁根遗址以及该地区其他以 "广谱经济 "为特征的新石器时代遗址的占用时间。

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引用次数: 0

Hunter-gatherer mobility patterns influence the reconstruction of social networks from archaeological assemblages 狩猎采集者的流动模式影响考古组合社会网络的重建

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104798

Cecilia Padilla-Iglesias , Robert J. Bischoff

Hunter-gatherer mobility patterns are extremely variable across the world and through time, in ways that have been shown to profoundly affect, among other things, cultural dynamics throughout our species’ evolutionary history. Unlike studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers, where culture and social interactions can be sampled separately, the archaeological record is the product of a social system in the past which we cannot directly observe. Yet, methods derived from the analyses of social networks have been increasingly used to make inferences about patterns of past social interactions using archaeological material as a proxy. It remains a question whether networks built from material cultural remains are indeed representative of the social processes that created them. Here, we use the ArchMatNet agent-based model to investigate how variability in hunter-gatherer mobility patterns and social organization affect our ability to reconstruct prehistoric social networks from artefact stylistic similarities. We find that variability in daily mobility, seasonal aggregations and patterns of migration have profound effects on our ability to recover social networks from archaeological assemblages. Moreover, that several metrics commonly used in SNA should not be interpreted in the same manner when applied to networks built from archaeological datasets. Our results highlight the fact that the archaeological record is the product of social interactions rather than analogous to them. Moreover, it points at a need to better understand the role of mobility in shaping human evolutionary patterns.

狩猎采集者的流动模式在世界各地和各个时期都存在极大的差异，这种差异已经被证明会对我们整个物种进化史中的文化动态等产生深远的影响。对当代狩猎采集者的研究可以对文化和社会互动进行单独取样，而考古记录则不同，它是我们无法直接观察的过去社会体系的产物。然而，越来越多的人利用社会网络分析方法，以考古材料为代表，推断过去的社会互动模式。根据物质文化遗存建立的网络是否确实代表了创造这些网络的社会进程，这仍然是一个问题。在这里，我们使用基于代理的 ArchMatNet 模型来研究狩猎采集者流动模式和社会组织的变化如何影响我们从文物风格相似性来重建史前社会网络的能力。我们发现，日常流动性、季节性聚集和迁移模式的变化对我们从考古组合中复原社会网络的能力有着深远的影响。此外，国民账户体系（SNA）中常用的几个指标在应用于考古数据集构建的网络时，不应该以同样的方式进行解释。我们的研究结果突出表明，考古记录是社会互动的产物，而不是社会互动的类比。此外，我们还需要更好地理解流动性在塑造人类进化模式中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Affluent foragers in the subtropical forest: Arboreal foodstuff exploitation in late Neolithic Pearl River Delta, South China 亚热带森林中富裕的觅食者：华南珠江三角洲新石器时代晚期的树栖食物开发

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104795

Yongchao Ma , Zhao Li , Quan Li , Zhikun Ma , Changjiang Liu , Yan Li , Yong Cui , Xiaoyan Yang

Plant management or intervention with certain plants in tropical and subtropical forests clearly intensified in the Holocene. However, in south subtropical China, which has this type of vegetation, studies of arboreal foodstuffs are limited. Hence, we identify and analyse plant remains recovered from the waterlogged Guye site in the Pearl River Delta dating from 5900 to 5400 BP, attempting to ascertain Guye plant use assemblage. The results show that the Guye people formed an indigenous subsistence system with a schedule centred on summer and autumn, heavily reliant on arboreal foodstuffs, especially Lithocarpus nuts and Canarium album. This system contrasts sharply with cereal agriculture, although rice and millet agriculture spread southward from the Yangtze River, demonstrating the geographical diversity and anthropogenic selection of subsistence patterns in southern China.

热带和亚热带森林的植物管理或对某些植物的干预在全新世明显加强。然而，在拥有这类植被的中国南亚热带地区，对树栖食物的研究十分有限。因此，我们对珠江三角洲古冶遗址中发现的公元前 5900 年至公元前 5400 年的植物遗骸进行了鉴定和分析，试图确定古冶人的植物利用组合。结果表明，古耶人形成了以夏秋为中心的土著生存系统，主要依赖树栖食物，特别是石蒜果和藜芦。虽然水稻和小米农业从长江向南传播，但这一系统与谷物农业形成了鲜明对比，显示了中国南方生存模式的地域多样性和人为选择。

引用次数: 0

Untangling the chronological complexities of the Andean Central Coast Formative Period: A Bayesian reassessment 解开安第斯中央海岸形成期在年代学上的复杂性：贝叶斯重新评估

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104799

Christian Mesía-Montenegro

This study presents an analysis of 190 radiocarbon dates derived from 13 Formative sites situated in the Andean Central Coast, specifically Lima, Peru, alongside an additional 59 dates obtained from the highland site of Chavín de Huántar. Bayesian statistical methods implemented through OxCal software are used for this analysis. The findings point towards the coexistence of Formative ceramic sites with previously identified Late Archaic sites (El Paraíso and Buena Vista). Additionally, the analysis highlights the persistent presence of a distinct architectural tradition characterized by U-shaped buildings across the central coastal landscape during the Andean Formative period. This architectural style reaches its zenith between 1500 and 1000 cal BC, followed by a gradual decline from 1000 to 500 cal BC, while also demonstrating significant temporal overlap with the prominent highland site of Chavín de Huántar from 1100 to cal 550 BC. This study provides a foundation for future research, pending the acquisition of additional dates in subsequent investigations.

本研究分析了从安第斯中央海岸，特别是秘鲁利马的 13 个形成期遗址中获得的 190 个放射性碳年代，以及从高原遗址 Chavín de Huántar 获得的另外 59 个年代。分析中使用了 OxCal 软件的贝叶斯统计方法。研究结果表明，形成期陶器遗址与先前发现的晚期太古时期遗址（El Paraíso 和 Buena Vista）共存。此外，分析还突出表明，在安第斯形成期，整个中部沿海地区一直存在着一种独特的建筑传统，其特点是采用 U 型建筑。这种建筑风格在公元前 1500 年至公元前 1000 年达到顶峰，随后在公元前 1000 年至公元前 500 年逐渐衰落，同时在公元前 1100 年至公元前 550 年与著名的高原遗址 Chavín de Huántar 在时间上也有明显的重叠。这项研究为今后的研究奠定了基础，有待在后续调查中获得更多的年代数据。

引用次数: 0

Ancient mitochondrial DNA extraction from Bison bison long bones from Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, UNESCO World Heritage site 从联合国教科文组织世界遗产地水牛跳的野牛长骨中提取古代线粒体 DNA

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104791

Rexelle Asis , Skyler Ngo , Mavis Chan , Shawn Bubel , Theresa M. Burg

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump (HSIBJ) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located on the southern end of the Porcupine Hills, near Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada. Using a system of drive lanes, Indigenous groups drove herds of bison over the cliff edge for thousands of years. The well-stratified deposits at the base of the cliff offer a unique opportunity to investigate the genetic diversity of the American bison before European contact and their genetic bottleneck in the 19th century. We extracted ancient DNA from twenty-one bison long bones, amplified and sequenced the mitochondrial DNA control region. Comparisons between ancient and modern bison populations revealed novel haplotypes in the HSIBJ population, suggesting a loss of genetic diversity due to the bottleneck. Furthermore, we discovered a shared haplotype between the bison hunted at the site and modern populations, which may help elucidate the complex history of living herds.

蒙头水牛跳（HSIBJ）是联合国教科文组织世界遗产，位于加拿大阿尔伯塔省麦克劳德堡附近的波库平山南端。数千年来，土著群体利用车道系统将成群的野牛赶过悬崖边缘。悬崖底部分层良好的沉积物为研究美洲野牛在与欧洲人接触之前的遗传多样性和 19 世纪的遗传瓶颈提供了一个独特的机会。我们从 21 块野牛长骨中提取了古 DNA，对线粒体 DNA 控制区进行了扩增和测序。通过比较古代野牛种群和现代野牛种群，我们发现 HSIBJ 种群中存在新的单倍型，这表明瓶颈期导致了遗传多样性的丧失。此外，我们还发现了在该遗址狩猎的野牛与现代野牛种群之间的共享单倍型，这可能有助于阐明野牛群的复杂历史。

引用次数: 0