Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104816
Takumi Sakamoto
This study investigates the utilization of sika deer (Cervus nippon) based on radiographs of mandibular bones from two Jomon period archaeological sites in the Shimousa Heights, northern Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The author analyzed the age at death of sika deer by examining the development of mandibular molariform teeth through radiographic methods. The findings suggest that sika deer were predominantly used during winter, indicating seasonal concentration in their exploitation. These patterns are consistent across the two sites. Building on these findings and previous research, the author proposes that activities such as hunting and shellfish gathering at these sites were not only for subsistence but also facilitated resource exchange. Consequently, sika deer likely served as a medium for trading fisheries resources, highlighting the seasonal dynamics of animal utilization and resource exchange.
{"title":"Seasonal utilization patterns of sika deer (Cervus nippon) remains from eastern Japan utilizing radiographs of mandibular molariform teeth","authors":"Takumi Sakamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the utilization of sika deer (<em>Cervus nippon</em>) based on radiographs of mandibular bones from two Jomon period archaeological sites in the Shimousa Heights, northern Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The author analyzed the age at death of sika deer by examining the development of mandibular molariform teeth through radiographic methods. The findings suggest that sika deer were predominantly used during winter, indicating seasonal concentration in their exploitation. These patterns are consistent across the two sites. Building on these findings and previous research, the author proposes that activities such as hunting and shellfish gathering at these sites were not only for subsistence but also facilitated resource exchange. Consequently, sika deer likely served as a medium for trading fisheries resources, highlighting the seasonal dynamics of animal utilization and resource exchange.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Few anthracological studies exist for the modern period (CE 1400–1900) in Europe, particularly for military camps. Nevertheless, wood was a principle strategical resource in the daily life of armies during conflicts. This paper focuses on the anthracological analyses of fire pits from a set of military camps located in Ninove-Doorn Noord (northern Belgium), dating from 1692, 1693 (Nine Years’ War) and 1745 (War of the Austrian Succession). The goals were to observe the dynamic of the landscape between the two periods of occupation and to improve our understanding of the firewood supplies of modern armies at a local scale.
This study focuses on the taxonomic identification of more than 8,000 charcoal fragments. In total, 116 samples from 72 structures were analyzed. The results revealed that the troops mainly gathered firewood in riparian formations dominated by alder, Salicaceae and ash. The charcoal assemblages of the earliest camp (1692–93) present a higher taxonomic diversity than those of the following camp (1745) – 16 and 14 taxa, respectively. Furthermore, the increase of Salicaceae charcoals in the 1745 assemblage suggests a degradation of the environment, probably due to anthropogenic pressure (forestry, agriculture, conflicts). These results highlight the potential of anthracology to improve our knowledge of the impact of warfare on woodland history.
{"title":"Woodland exploitation by early modern military camps and their impact on the forest environment. Anthracological analysis from Ninove-Doorn Noord (1692–1693, 1745, Belgium)","authors":"Hello-Laprérie Germain , Deforce Koen , Verbrugge Arne , Callou Cécile , Salavert Aurélie","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few anthracological studies exist for the modern period (CE 1400–1900) in Europe,<!--> <!-->particularly for military camps. Nevertheless, wood was a principle strategical resource in the daily life of armies during conflicts. This paper focuses on the anthracological analyses of fire pits from a set of military camps located in Ninove-Doorn Noord (northern Belgium), dating from 1692, 1693 (Nine Years’ War) and 1745 (War of the Austrian Succession). The goals were to observe the dynamic of the landscape between the two periods of occupation and to improve our understanding of the firewood supplies of modern armies at a local scale.</div><div>This study focuses on the taxonomic identification of more than 8,000 charcoal fragments. In total, 116 samples from 72 structures were analyzed. The results revealed that the troops mainly gathered firewood in riparian formations dominated by alder, Salicaceae and ash. The charcoal assemblages of the earliest camp (1692–93) present a higher taxonomic diversity than those of the following camp (1745) – 16 and 14 taxa, respectively. Furthermore, the increase of Salicaceae charcoals in the 1745 assemblage suggests a degradation of the environment, probably due to anthropogenic pressure (forestry, agriculture, conflicts). These results highlight the potential of anthracology to improve our knowledge of the impact of warfare on woodland history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104826
Daniel Loponte , Mirian Carbonera , Jefferson Radaeski
The Guaraní archaeological record reflects the material culture and associated behaviors of ancient Amazonian forager-horticulturalists who expanded from southwestern Amazonia to the Río de la Plata River, leading one of the most significant pre-Columbian migrations in the Americas. This study focuses on the Guaraní colonization of the Upper Uruguay River, located within the tropical rainforests of southeastern South America. Utilizing a geographic and chronological database specifically developed for this research, along with statistical tools, pollen, and charcoal records from a sediment core recovered in the region, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the Guaraní colonization process in this valley, including its environmental impact and effects on pre-existing non-Guaraní populations.
The first evidence of Guaraní occupation in the Upper Uruguay River is dated between 773 and 880 CE, within a well-developed deciduous forest. This initial phase, extending between ∼ 770 and 1000 CE, indicates the presence of small founder populations that left a weak archaeological signal characterized by a few scattered settlements along the valley. Subsequently, between 1000 and 1400 CE, a gradual expansion of these groups is observed along the valley, leading to the first environmental impacts, such as an emerging deforestation process, an increase in species typical of secondary forests, and the earliest detection of Zea mays. Between ∼1400 and 1600 CE, there was a sudden increase in the number of Guaraní sites, which were distributed almost continuously along the 240 km of the valley, leading to the displacement of non-Guaraní indigenous societies. During this phase, the Guaraní population occupied the entire deciduous forest area up to the headwaters of the Uruguay River, at the confluence of the Canoas and Pelotas rivers, where they reached the limit of their ecological niche. During this period, significant environmental changes occurred, including widespread deforestation due to the intensification of slash-and-burn practices, an increase in maize cultivation and other edible species, and a greater frequency of species typical of open areas growing within disturbed forests. By 1600 CE, the valley experienced significant depopulation, coinciding with Portuguese and Spanish colonization of the region, leading to the full regeneration of the forest as a secondary forest.
{"title":"The Guaraní expansion in the Upper Uruguay River. Chronology, colonization strategies, social impacts and environmental changes","authors":"Daniel Loponte , Mirian Carbonera , Jefferson Radaeski","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Guaraní archaeological record reflects the material culture and associated behaviors of ancient Amazonian forager-horticulturalists who expanded from southwestern Amazonia to the Río de la Plata River, leading one of the most significant pre-Columbian migrations in the Americas. This study focuses on the Guaraní colonization of the Upper Uruguay River, located within the tropical rainforests of southeastern South America. Utilizing a geographic and chronological database specifically developed for this research, along with statistical tools, pollen, and charcoal records from a sediment core recovered in the region, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the Guaraní colonization process in this valley, including its environmental impact and effects on pre-existing non-Guaraní populations.</div><div>The first evidence of Guaraní occupation in the Upper Uruguay River is dated between 773 and 880 CE, within a well-developed deciduous forest. This initial phase, extending between ∼ 770 and 1000 CE, indicates the presence of small founder populations that left a weak archaeological signal characterized by a few scattered settlements along the valley. Subsequently, between 1000 and 1400 CE, a gradual expansion of these groups is observed along the valley, leading to the first environmental impacts, such as an emerging deforestation process, an increase in species typical of secondary forests, and the earliest detection of <em>Zea mays</em>. Between ∼1400 and 1600 CE, there was a sudden increase in the number of Guaraní sites, which were distributed almost continuously along the 240 km of the valley, leading to the displacement of non-Guaraní indigenous societies. During this phase, the Guaraní population occupied the entire deciduous forest area up to the headwaters of the Uruguay River, at the confluence of the Canoas and Pelotas rivers, where they reached the limit of their ecological niche. During this period, significant environmental changes occurred, including widespread deforestation due to the intensification of slash-and-burn practices, an increase in maize cultivation and other edible species, and a greater frequency of species typical of open areas growing within disturbed forests. By 1600 CE, the valley experienced significant depopulation, coinciding with Portuguese and Spanish colonization of the region, leading to the full regeneration of the forest as a secondary forest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104830
Augusto Tessone , Solana García Guraieb , Nora Viviana Franco , Clara M. Compagno Zoan
This study aims to examine the paleodietary variation of individuals recovered from two sites in the upper basin of the Santa Cruz River dated at the beginning and end of the Late Holocene. δ13C and δ15N values from bone collagen of 14 individuals are presented. Two different paleodiets were observed. The first one was associated with the intake of terrestrial Patagonia steppe resources and, as expected, belongs to the larger group of samples. The second paleodiet was observed in a male adult from Río Bote 1 (RB1-A), which, despite being discovered 180 km away from the nearest coast, clearly incorporates marine resources into his diet. In addition, δ13C and δ15N values in human remains recovered from similar burials in southern Patagonia are considered. The diversity of Patagonian hunter-gatherers’ diets during the Late Holocene was highlighted on a large spatial analytical scale. This reflects diversity of groups in terms of mobility and food intake in relation to specific environments. The observed paleodietary circumscription, however, does not imply a lack of circulation of technologies, artifacts, ecofacts, and ideas at wider spatial scales.
{"title":"δ13C and δ15N in hunter-gatherers of the Upper Santa Cruz river basin (Patagonia, Argentina) during the Late Holocene","authors":"Augusto Tessone , Solana García Guraieb , Nora Viviana Franco , Clara M. Compagno Zoan","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to examine the paleodietary variation of individuals recovered from two sites in the upper basin of the Santa Cruz River dated at the beginning and end of the Late Holocene. δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values from bone collagen of 14 individuals are presented. Two different paleodiets were observed. The first one was associated with the intake of terrestrial Patagonia steppe resources and, as expected, belongs to the larger group of samples. The second paleodiet was observed in a male adult from Río Bote 1 (RB1-A), which, despite being discovered 180 km away from the nearest coast, clearly incorporates marine resources into his diet. In addition, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values in human remains recovered from similar burials in southern Patagonia are considered. The diversity of Patagonian hunter-gatherers’ diets during the Late Holocene was highlighted on a large spatial analytical scale. This reflects diversity of groups in terms of mobility and food intake in relation to specific environments. The observed paleodietary circumscription, however, does not imply a lack of circulation of technologies, artifacts, ecofacts, and ideas at wider spatial scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Djémila (Cuicul) is one of Algeria’s most important archaeological sites, and it was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. Despite this status, archaeological excavations have been halted since the 1950s, implying that these remains have yet to reveal all their secrets. The original core of Djémila, whose limits were crossed at the beginning of the third century, continues to raise questions about its street network and the transformations that occurred, particularly the location of the Cardo Maximus. The Djémila plan was analyzed using space syntax measures, specifically the axial map, segment map, and Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA), which revealed the street hierarchy and distribution of the main public buildings. The findings show that the street that intersects the Decumanus Maximus at the Forum’s southern entrance serves as the Cardo Maximus of the Djémila core. In addition, the results show the impact of the Venus Genitrix temple’s construction on the street network, as well as the significance of the Forum and temples in the lives of Djémila’s residents during the second century.
杰米拉（奎库尔）是阿尔及利亚最重要的考古遗址之一，1982 年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。尽管如此，考古发掘工作自 20 世纪 50 年代以来一直停止，这意味着这些遗迹尚未揭示其全部秘密。杰米拉最初的核心区在三世纪初被跨越，其街道网络和发生的变化，尤其是 Maximus 卡多的位置，仍然令人质疑。我们采用空间句法分析方法，特别是轴向图、分段图和可见度图分析法（VGA）对杰米拉规划进行了分析，揭示了街道的层次结构和主要公共建筑的分布情况。研究结果表明，在论坛南入口处与 Decumanus Maximus 相交的街道是 Djémila 核心区的 Cardo Maximus。此外，研究结果还显示了 Venus Genitrix 神庙的建造对街道网络的影响，以及论坛和神庙在二世纪杰米拉居民生活中的重要性。
{"title":"Contribution of space syntax to the analysis of street patterns in the original core of Djémila (Cuicul), Algeria","authors":"Mehdi Alikhodja , Noureddine Mahdadi , Ammar Mebarki , Abdelhalim Assassi","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Djémila (Cuicul) is one of Algeria’s most important archaeological sites, and it was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. Despite this status, archaeological excavations have been halted since the 1950s, implying that these remains have yet to reveal all their secrets. The original core of Djémila, whose limits were crossed at the beginning of the third century, continues to raise questions about its street network and the transformations that occurred, particularly the location of the <em>Cardo Maximus</em>. The Djémila plan was analyzed using space syntax measures, specifically the axial map, segment map, and Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA), which revealed the street hierarchy and distribution of the main public buildings. The findings show that the street that intersects the <em>Decumanus Maximus</em> at the Forum’s southern entrance serves as the <em>Cardo Maximus</em> of the Djémila core. In addition, the results show the impact of the Venus Genitrix temple’s construction on the street network, as well as the significance of the Forum and temples in the lives of Djémila’s residents during the second century.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104845
Agustina Papú , Natalia Lucía Fernández
This paper studies portable art in continental Patagonia, specifically decorated bone artefacts from the archaeological locality known as Cerro Casa de Piedra (CCP), located in the Province of Santa Cruz (Argentina). The artefacts analysed, retrieved from two rock shelters within CCP (sites 5 and 7), make up a rare assemblage, with varied chronologies, diverse decorations, and the highest concentration in the area for this type of objects. In order to characterise this portable art, two aspects were considered: the type of decoration and the particularities of the bone used as surface (species and anatomical part). The set consists of painted and carved decorations elaborated primarily on guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus), the same species on which the diet of these hunter-gatherer groups was based. It was possible to observe specific patterns in the choice of decorations for particular anatomical parts. Differences in the level of precision and detail in these decorations, as well as the degree of skill required, also suggested that more time and effort were dedicated in the elaboration of decorations in artefacts made between ca. 9600 to 7900 years BP, compared to those made after ca. 6500 years BP. Rock art and portable art in CCP show strong differences in designs chosen and techniques used, which suggests that these visual platforms account for distinct dynamics regarding the circulation of visual information using different codes. This study offers new insight on Patagonian portable art, and provides valuable and rare information on communication in hunter-gatherer groups in the area.
本文研究巴塔哥尼亚大陆的便携式艺术品，特别是位于圣克鲁斯省（阿根廷）的 Cerro Casa de Piedra（CCP）考古地点出土的装饰骨器。所分析的文物取自 CCP 内的两个岩洞（5 号和 7 号遗址），是一个罕见的集合体，年代各异，装饰多样，是该地区此类文物最集中的地方。为了确定这些便携式艺术品的特征，我们考虑了两个方面：装饰类型和用作表面的骨头的特殊性（种类和解剖部位）。这套艺术品包括彩绘和雕刻的装饰，主要是在瓜纳科（Lama guanicoe）和胡埃穆尔（Hippocamelus bisulcus）上精心制作的，而这些物种正是这些狩猎采集群体的主要食物。在选择特定解剖部位的装饰物时，可以观察到一些特定的模式。这些装饰在精确度和细节方面的差异以及所需的技能程度也表明，与约公元前 6500 年之后制作的文物相比，约公元前 9600 年至 7900 年之间制作的文物在装饰的制作方面花费了更多的时间和精力。中太平洋地区的岩石艺术和便携式艺术巴塔哥尼亚文化中心的岩石艺术和便携式艺术在选择的设计和使用的技术方面表现出很大的差异，这表明这些视觉平台在使用不同的代码进行视觉信息传播方面具有独特的动力。这项研究为巴塔哥尼亚便携式艺术提供了新的视角，并为该地区狩猎采集群体的交流提供了宝贵而罕见的信息。
{"title":"Decorated bone artefacts in Southern Patagonian Hunter-Gatherer locality Cerro Casa de Piedra (Santa Cruz, Argentina)","authors":"Agustina Papú , Natalia Lucía Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies portable art in continental Patagonia, specifically decorated bone artefacts from the archaeological locality known as Cerro Casa de Piedra (CCP), located in the Province of Santa Cruz (Argentina). The artefacts analysed, retrieved from two rock shelters within CCP (sites 5 and 7), make up a rare assemblage, with varied chronologies, diverse decorations, and the highest concentration in the area for this type of objects. In order to characterise this portable art, two aspects were considered: the type of decoration and the particularities of the bone used as surface (species and anatomical part). The set consists of painted and carved decorations elaborated primarily on guanaco (<em>Lama guanicoe</em>) and huemul (<em>Hippocamelus bisulcus</em>), the same species on which the diet of these hunter-gatherer groups was based. It was possible to observe specific patterns in the choice of decorations for particular anatomical parts. Differences in the level of precision and detail in these decorations, as well as the degree of skill required, also suggested that more time and effort were dedicated in the elaboration of decorations in artefacts made between ca. 9600 to 7900 years BP, compared to those made after ca. 6500 years BP. Rock art and portable art in CCP show strong differences in designs chosen and techniques used, which suggests that these visual platforms account for distinct dynamics regarding the circulation of visual information using different codes. This study offers new insight on Patagonian portable art, and provides valuable and rare information on communication in hunter-gatherer groups in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104853
Angelos Hadjikoumis , Polina Christofi
{"title":"Corrigendum to “A dog’s life and violent death in late Medieval Nicosia, Cyprus” [J. Archaeol. Sci.: Rep. 53 (2024) 104350]","authors":"Angelos Hadjikoumis , Polina Christofi","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104852
Shiqiang Fang , Wenjing Hu , Xiaobin Liu , Xueqiang Chen , Wanfa Gu , Qian Wu
The Shuanghuaishu site was the highest central settlement with the nature of a capital city found so far in the early stage of the formation of Chinese civilization in the Yellow River basin. It had yielded a wealth of Neolithic building relics, like encircling trenches, earth houses, sacrificial altars, and courtyards. For a long time, the floors of prehistoric artificial dwellings had served as a critical material for researchers to investigate prehistoric activities and delved into the structures and materials of building practices. Thus, in this study, a comprehensive analysis method that combined morphological, compositional, and physical property detection was employed to investigate the seven house floors from the late Neolithic period at Shuanghuaishu site (3500–3000 BCE). The results revealed three distinct types of floor structures: single-layer, double-layer, and multi-layer floors: the single-layer floors constructed from ginger nut (a quaternary deposit abundant in calcium carbonate) powder or fire-baked earth was commonly used as artificial dwelling floors during the late Neolithic age in China. The other two types mostly included untreated soil in the bottom layer as a cushion layer and a blend of ginger nut, river sand, and soil in the upper layers. Simulation experiments demonstrated that this floor design enhanced the floor’s strength and durability without compromising its moisture resistance. Notably, we discovered rare gypsum plastered floor layers in three cases, marking the first identification of such artificial structures in Neolithic China. Additionally, some floors showed needle fiber calcites deposited by biological factors on the surfaces, not from the lime plaster used.
{"title":"The artificial dwelling floor design in the late Neolithic Age: A comprehensive study of the Shuanghuaishu site, China","authors":"Shiqiang Fang , Wenjing Hu , Xiaobin Liu , Xueqiang Chen , Wanfa Gu , Qian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Shuanghuaishu</em> site was the highest central settlement with the nature of a capital city found so far in the early stage of the formation of Chinese civilization in the Yellow River basin. It had yielded a wealth of Neolithic building relics, like encircling trenches, earth houses, sacrificial altars, and courtyards. For a long time, the floors of prehistoric artificial dwellings had served as a critical material for researchers to investigate prehistoric activities and delved into the structures and materials of building practices. Thus, in this study, a comprehensive analysis method that combined morphological, compositional, and physical property detection was employed to investigate the seven house floors from the late Neolithic period at <em>Shuanghuaishu</em> site (3500–3000 BCE). The results revealed three distinct types of floor structures: single-layer, double-layer, and multi-layer floors: the single-layer floors constructed from <em>ginger nut</em> (a quaternary deposit abundant in calcium carbonate) powder or fire-baked earth was commonly used as artificial dwelling floors during the late Neolithic age in China. The other two types mostly included untreated soil in the bottom layer as a cushion layer and a blend of <em>ginger nut</em>, river sand, and soil in the upper layers. Simulation experiments demonstrated that this floor design enhanced the floor’s strength and durability without compromising its moisture resistance. Notably, we discovered rare gypsum plastered floor layers in three cases, marking the first identification of such artificial structures in Neolithic China. Additionally, some floors showed needle fiber calcites deposited by biological factors on the surfaces, not from the lime plaster used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104835
I. Hristova , E. Marinova , J. Atanassova
Burial context in regions with predominantly dry soil conditions are often challenging for standard archaeobotanical studies. Although plant remains can be preserved in structures with dry, anoxic conditions (desiccation) or when metal objects and their corrosion products (mineralisation) are present, they were often overlooked and their study neglected.
This paper considers case studies form 30 ancient necropoles from the territory of modern-day Bulgaria to illustrate the possibilities and limitations inherent in the sampling and analysis of plant remains that have been preserved by a mechanism other than charring. Among the plant remains wood was the most common finding in burial structures used as construction material, for coffins, or belonging to different grave offerings placed in the graves – mostly parts of armament or other wooden objects. In some cases, fruits (Amygdalus communis, Corylus avellana), flowers like Rosa sp. and plant fibres/textiles were attested. With this overview, we aim to increase awareness of this often-neglected source of abundant information, and strongly suggest more careful sampling and documentation of such organic matter. The paper thus provides examples of strategies for obtaining rich information regarding the role of plants and their products in ancient burial practices, as well as the depositional conditions related to these finds.
{"title":"The research potential of wood and other plant remains in burial contexts with dry soil conditions: Case studies from Bulgaria","authors":"I. Hristova , E. Marinova , J. Atanassova","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Burial context in regions with predominantly dry soil conditions are often challenging for standard archaeobotanical studies. Although plant remains can be preserved in structures with dry, anoxic conditions (desiccation) or when metal objects and their corrosion products (mineralisation) are present, they were often overlooked and their study neglected.</div><div>This paper considers case studies form 30 ancient necropoles from the territory of modern-day Bulgaria to illustrate the possibilities and limitations inherent in the sampling and analysis of plant remains that have been preserved by a mechanism other than charring. Among the plant remains wood was the most common finding in burial structures used as construction material, for coffins, or belonging to different grave offerings placed in the graves – mostly parts of armament or other wooden objects. In some cases, fruits (<em>Amygdalus communis</em>, <em>Corylus avellana</em>), flowers like <em>Rosa</em> sp. and plant fibres/textiles were attested. With this overview, we aim to increase awareness of this often-neglected source of abundant information, and strongly suggest more careful sampling and documentation of such organic matter. The paper thus provides examples of strategies for obtaining rich information regarding the role of plants and their products in ancient burial practices, as well as the depositional conditions related to these finds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104822
S.Y. Waksman , G. Giannaki , J. Burlot , E. Todorova , M. Daskalov , S. Goryanova , G. Guionova , P. Petridis
Glazed wares found in Thasos (Greece) and in a pottery workshop in Sofia (Bulgaria) in 6th c. AD contexts were investigated using WD-XRF (body analysis) and SEM-EDS (glaze analysis). In both cases, they associate low-calcareous bodies and high-lead glazes, with lead compounds probably applied without the addition of silica before a single firing. This technical tradition is common to the 4th−5th c. Late Roman glazed wares studied so far, from the Balkans to Northern Italy, and to the 7th c. AD “Byzantine Glazed White Ware I”. Our corpus may thus be seen as the “missing link” between the Late Roman and the Early Byzantine glazed wares, before glazed tableware meet with a remarkable development later on in Byzantium.
我们使用 WD-XRF（器身分析）和 SEM-EDS（釉面分析）对在希腊塔索斯和保加利亚索菲亚的一个制陶作坊中发现的公元 6 世纪的釉器进行了研究。在这两种情况下，它们都与低钙质器身和高铅釉有关，铅化合物可能是在一次烧制前未添加二氧化硅而使用的。这种技术传统与迄今为止研究过的巴尔干半岛到意大利北部的第四至第五世纪晚期罗马釉器以及公元七世纪的 "拜占庭釉白器 I "都是相同的。因此，在釉面餐具在拜占庭后来得到显著发展之前，我们的文献可以被视为罗马晚期和拜占庭早期釉面餐具之间的 "缺失环节"。
{"title":"Connecting Late Roman and Early Byzantium: Investigating the technological tradition of 6th c. AD glazed wares from Northern Greece and Bulgaria","authors":"S.Y. Waksman , G. Giannaki , J. Burlot , E. Todorova , M. Daskalov , S. Goryanova , G. Guionova , P. Petridis","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glazed wares found in Thasos (Greece) and in a pottery workshop in Sofia (Bulgaria) in 6th c. AD contexts were investigated using WD-XRF (body analysis) and SEM-EDS (glaze analysis). In both cases, they associate low-calcareous bodies and high-lead glazes, with lead compounds probably applied without the addition of silica before a single firing. This technical tradition is common to the 4th−5th c. Late Roman glazed wares studied so far, from the Balkans to Northern Italy, and to the 7th c. AD “Byzantine Glazed White Ware I”. Our corpus may thus be seen as the “missing link” between the Late Roman and the Early Byzantine glazed wares, before glazed tableware meet with a remarkable development later on in Byzantium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 104822"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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