Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献_第6页

A Predictive Model for the Identification of Open-Air Palaeolithic Sites in Nagpur and Chandrapur Districts, Maharashtra, India 印度马哈拉施特拉邦那格浦尔和钱德拉普尔地区露天旧石器时代遗址的预测模型

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105541

Sushant Begade

This study applies the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modelling approach to predict the spatial distribution of open-air Palaeolithic sites across the Nagpur and Chandrapur districts of eastern Maharashtra, India. A total of 172 verified site locations were analysed against seven environmental variables, geology, geomorphology, lithology, elevation, slope, aspect and distance to river, representing key determinants of prehistoric settlement. Model tuning using cross-validation and AICc optimisation identified the best configuration (feature classes = Linear–Quadratic, regularisation multiplier = 1), achieving a final AUC of 0.9844, Kvamme’s Gain of 0.03148, and a highly significant Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (p = 9.02 × 10⁻12⁰). Elevation (67.23 %), distance to river (14.84 %), and geology (12.91 %) emerged as the dominant predictors, emphasising the importance of fluvial corridors, raw-material availability, and topographic stability in hominin settlement patterns. The resultant probability surface reveals strong spatial correspondence between high-suitability zones and known archaeological sites, validating the model’s predictive reliability. This reproducible and statistically calibrated framework establishes one of the first regionally optimised MaxEnt models for Indian Palaeolithic archaeology and provides a scalable tool for future prospection in data-scarce tropical contexts.

本研究应用最大熵（MaxEnt）模型方法预测了印度马哈拉施特拉邦东部那格浦尔和钱德拉普尔地区露天旧石器时代遗址的空间分布。共有172个验证的遗址位置根据7个环境变量进行了分析，这些环境变量包括地质、地貌、岩性、高程、坡度、朝向和与河流的距离，这些变量代表了史前定居的关键决定因素。使用交叉验证和AICc优化的模型调整确定了最佳配置（特征类=线性二次型，正则化乘数= 1），最终AUC为0.9844，Kvamme增益为0.03148，Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验非常显著（p = 9.02 × 10−120）。海拔（67.23%）、到河流的距离（14.84%）和地质（12.91%）成为主要的预测因素，强调了河流走廊、原料可用性和地形稳定性在人类定居模式中的重要性。所得的概率面揭示了高适宜区与已知考古遗址之间的强空间对应关系，验证了模型的预测可靠性。这个可重复的和统计校准的框架为印度旧石器时代考古建立了第一个区域优化的MaxEnt模型之一，并为未来在数据稀缺的热带环境中进行勘探提供了一个可扩展的工具。

{"title":"A Predictive Model for the Identification of Open-Air Palaeolithic Sites in Nagpur and Chandrapur Districts, Maharashtra, India","authors":"Sushant Begade","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study applies the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modelling approach to predict the spatial distribution of open-air Palaeolithic sites across the Nagpur and Chandrapur districts of eastern Maharashtra, India. A total of 172 verified site locations were analysed against seven environmental variables, geology, geomorphology, lithology, elevation, slope, aspect and distance to river, representing key determinants of prehistoric settlement. Model tuning using cross-validation and AICc optimisation identified the best configuration (feature classes = Linear–Quadratic, regularisation multiplier = 1), achieving a final AUC of 0.9844, Kvamme’s Gain of 0.03148, and a highly significant Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (p = 9.02 × 10<sup>−</sup>12<sup>0</sup>). Elevation (67.23 %), distance to river (14.84 %), and geology (12.91 %) emerged as the dominant predictors, emphasising the importance of fluvial corridors, raw-material availability, and topographic stability in hominin settlement patterns. The resultant probability surface reveals strong spatial correspondence between high-suitability zones and known archaeological sites, validating the model’s predictive reliability. This reproducible and statistically calibrated framework establishes one of the first regionally optimised MaxEnt models for Indian Palaeolithic archaeology and provides a scalable tool for future prospection in data-scarce tropical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using high energy X-ray imaging to reveal the internal structure of bronze-hilted Iron swords 利用高能x射线成像揭示青铜柄铁剑的内部结构

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105540

Yui Arimatsu

Bronze-hilted iron swords excavated from northern Iran to the South Caucasus are considered the earliest iron tools discovered in these regions. These swords are important for understanding the adoption of iron in these regions, partly because of the possibility that the iron tangs remain inside the hilts without rusting. However, the details of the iron tangs and production techniques, including the method for combining iron and bronze, remain unclear. It is necessary to examine the internal structure of the bronze hilts. Tomography imaging has been attempted, but no concrete findings were achieved. This study utilized high-resolution X-ray imaging techniques, including three-dimensional Computed Tomography, to analyze the internal structure of bronze-hilted iron swords. This enabled the identification of the unique features of their internal structures, which appeared to differ according to pommel type. These techniques illuminated the limitations of early iron metalworking, the techniques used for bronze casting, and the trial-and-error process involved in these developments. These results indicate the efficacy of these imaging methods and suggest fruitful directions for further research on similar archaeological materials.

从伊朗北部到南高加索地区出土的青铜柄铁剑被认为是这些地区发现的最早的铁制工具。这些剑对于了解这些地区对铁的采用很重要，部分原因是铁刺可能留在刀柄内而不会生锈。然而，铁的细节和制作技术，包括铁和青铜的结合方法，仍然不清楚。有必要对青铜柄的内部结构进行检查。已经尝试过断层成像，但没有取得具体的发现。本研究利用高分辨率x射线成像技术，包括三维计算机断层扫描，来分析青铜柄铁剑的内部结构。这样就可以识别出它们内部结构的独特特征，这些结构似乎根据鞍头类型而有所不同。这些技术揭示了早期铁金属加工、青铜铸造技术的局限性，以及这些发展过程中所涉及的试错过程。这些结果表明了这些成像方法的有效性，并为进一步研究类似考古材料提供了富有成效的方向。

{"title":"Using high energy X-ray imaging to reveal the internal structure of bronze-hilted Iron swords","authors":"Yui Arimatsu","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bronze-hilted iron swords excavated from northern Iran to the South Caucasus are considered the earliest iron tools discovered in these regions. These swords are important for understanding the adoption of iron in these regions, partly because of the possibility that the iron tangs remain inside the hilts without rusting. However, the details of the iron tangs and production techniques, including the method for combining iron and bronze, remain unclear. It is necessary to examine the internal structure of the bronze hilts. Tomography imaging has been attempted, but no concrete findings were achieved. This study utilized high-resolution X-ray imaging techniques, including three-dimensional Computed Tomography, to analyze the internal structure of bronze-hilted iron swords. This enabled the identification of the unique features of their internal structures, which appeared to differ according to pommel type. These techniques illuminated the limitations of early iron metalworking, the techniques used for bronze casting, and the trial-and-error process involved in these developments. These results indicate the efficacy of these imaging methods and suggest fruitful directions for further research on similar archaeological materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Material analysis reveals the systematic use of pyrophyllite jade during the Western Zhou period (1046-771 BCE) in Fujian: Evidence from the Longtougang processing site 材料分析揭示了西周时期（公元前1046-771年）福建对叶叶石玉石的系统使用：来自龙头岗加工遗址的证据

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105484

Yixin Zhu , Wei Ge , Xinyu Liu , Mingjie Zhu , Feng Lin , Hesheng Zhai , Yuanfei Wu , Zanbin Wei , Jinming Wang

To determine the material composition of the jade artifacts unearthed at Longtougang, this study analyzed 36 samples from the site using DRIFTS, XRD, SEM-EDS, and ED-XRF techniques. The results reveal a clear distinction in material usage: while the jade artifacts are primarily composed of pyrophyllite, the associated processing tools are made of quartz. This indicates that ancient craftsmen possessed a nuanced understanding of mineral properties, particularly in selecting materials based on relative hardness. Additionally, our analysis of four jade material samples from nearby modern deposits confirmed their pyrophyllite composition, closely matching that of the Longtougang artifacts. This finding suggests that during the Western Zhou period (1046–771 BCE), the inhabitants of Longtougang most likely obtained jade from local sources, utilizing raw materials readily available in the surrounding region. Our study shows that, unlike the sporadic use of pyrophyllite jade elsewhere in China, the Longtougang site established a localized tradition of ritual objects by exploiting nearby pyrophyllite deposits and emulating ritual jade forms from the Central Plains. This practice not only reflects patterns of interregional cultural exchange and integration but also highlights the resourcefulness and adaptability of peripheral communities in acquiring jade materials. Ultimately, it underscores the distinctive characteristics of their local jade culture.

为了确定龙头岗出土的玉器的物质组成，本研究利用DRIFTS、XRD、SEM-EDS和ED-XRF技术对该遗址的36个样品进行了分析。结果揭示了材料使用的明显区别：虽然玉器主要由叶蜡石组成，但相关的加工工具由石英制成。这表明古代工匠对矿物特性有着细致入微的了解，特别是在根据相对硬度选择材料方面。此外，我们对来自附近现代矿床的四个玉石材料样本进行了分析，证实了它们的叶蜡石成分，与龙头岗文物的成分非常吻合。这一发现表明，在西周时期（公元前1046-771年），龙头港的居民很可能利用周边地区现成的原材料，从当地获取玉石。我们的研究表明，与中国其他地方零星使用叶蜡石玉不同，龙头岗遗址通过开采附近的叶蜡石矿床并模仿中原地区的仪式玉器形态，建立了一种局部的仪式对象传统。这种做法不仅反映了区域间文化交流和融合的模式，也凸显了周边社区在获取玉石材料方面的智谋和适应性。最终，它强调了当地玉文化的鲜明特征。

{"title":"Material analysis reveals the systematic use of pyrophyllite jade during the Western Zhou period (1046-771 BCE) in Fujian: Evidence from the Longtougang processing site","authors":"Yixin Zhu , Wei Ge , Xinyu Liu , Mingjie Zhu , Feng Lin , Hesheng Zhai , Yuanfei Wu , Zanbin Wei , Jinming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To determine the material composition of the jade artifacts unearthed at Longtougang, this study analyzed 36 samples from the site using DRIFTS, XRD, SEM-EDS, and ED-XRF techniques. The results reveal a clear distinction in material usage: while the jade artifacts are primarily composed of pyrophyllite, the associated processing tools are made of quartz. This indicates that ancient craftsmen possessed a nuanced understanding of mineral properties, particularly in selecting materials based on relative hardness. Additionally, our analysis of four jade material samples from nearby modern deposits confirmed their pyrophyllite composition, closely matching that of the Longtougang artifacts. This finding suggests that during the Western Zhou period (1046–771 BCE), the inhabitants of Longtougang most likely obtained jade from local sources, utilizing raw materials readily available in the surrounding region. Our study shows that, unlike the sporadic use of pyrophyllite jade elsewhere in China, the Longtougang site established a localized tradition of ritual objects by exploiting nearby pyrophyllite deposits and emulating ritual jade forms from the Central Plains. This practice not only reflects patterns of interregional cultural exchange and integration but also highlights the resourcefulness and adaptability of peripheral communities in acquiring jade materials. Ultimately, it underscores the distinctive characteristics of their local jade culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cycladic connections: Using obsidian characterization studies to detail cultural interactions at Early Bronze Age Poliochne (Lemnos, Greece) 基克拉迪联系：使用黑曜石特征研究详细描述早期青铜时代波利奥涅（希腊利姆诺斯）的文化互动

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105539

Tristan Carter , Rose Moir , Georgia Tampakopoulou

It is long known that members of the large Early Bronze Age [EBA] 3rd millennium cal BC coastal community of Poliochne on the northern Aegean island of Lemnos were able to access an array of overseas raw materials, goods, and practices, many of which served to create, and display social status. The socio-economic networks that coalesced at the site facilitated long-distance connections with the larger Aegean world, Anatolia and Mesopotamia beyond, albeit often likely articulated via intermediaries, rather than directly. In this study, we focus on an assemblage of 28 artifacts flaked from obsidian, a relatively rare natural occurrence in the larger region, with the most significant sources being located on Melos (Cyclades), and Cappadocia (central Anatolia). A multi-faceted characterization study of this material, melding elemental data generated by a portable XRF spectrometer [pXRF], and the artifacts’ techno-typological attributes, allow us to show that (a) the assemblage is comprised entirely of obsidian from the Melian source of Sta Nychia, (b) that the material was procured in the form of preformed pressure blade cores and/or ready-made end-products, and (c) that this material was likely brought to Lemnos by Cycladic voyagers, rather than being procured indirectly via western Anatolian intermediaries. The artifacts derive mainly from contexts dated to the first half of the 3rd millennium cal BC, a period of significant overseas Cycladic cultural influence. This Cycladic underpinned ‘international spirit’ involved a range of goods and practices developed by these islanders being accessed, adopted and/or emulated by communities in the surrounding region. This included socially significant modes of body modification, via tattooing and depilation, as evidenced at Poliochne (and elsewhere) by bone tube pigment containers, and obsidian razors pressure flaked from Sta Nychia obsidian.

人们早就知道，公元前三千年前，位于爱琴海北部利姆诺斯岛的波利奥涅（Poliochne）沿海社区的成员能够获得一系列海外原材料、商品和实践，其中许多都是用来创造和展示社会地位的。社会经济网络在遗址上融合，促进了与更大的爱琴海世界、安纳托利亚和美索不达米亚的远距离联系，尽管通常是通过中介而不是直接联系。在这项研究中，我们将重点放在28件黑曜石剥落的人工制品上，黑曜石是一种在较大地区相对罕见的自然现象，最重要的来源位于米洛斯（基克拉迪斯）和卡帕多西亚（安纳托利亚中部）。结合便携式XRF光谱仪（pXRF）生成的元素数据和文物的技术类型属性，对该材料进行了多方面的表征研究，使我们能够表明：(A)该组合完全由来自Sta Nychia米利亚来源的黑曜石组成，(b)该材料是以预制压力叶片芯和/或现成的最终产品的形式获得的，以及(c)该材料可能是由基克拉迪旅行者带到利姆诺斯的。而不是通过安纳托利亚西部的中间人间接采购。这些文物主要来自公元前三千年上半叶的环境，这是一个重要的海外基克拉迪文化影响时期。这种基克拉迪支撑的“国际精神”涉及到这些岛民开发的一系列商品和做法，这些商品和做法被周围地区的社区获取、采用和/或模仿。这包括社会上重要的身体改造模式，通过纹身和脱毛，如在波利奥涅（和其他地方）的骨管色素容器和黑曜石剃刀从斯塔尼奇亚黑曜石压力剥落。

{"title":"Cycladic connections: Using obsidian characterization studies to detail cultural interactions at Early Bronze Age Poliochne (Lemnos, Greece)","authors":"Tristan Carter , Rose Moir , Georgia Tampakopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is long known that members of the large Early Bronze Age [EBA] 3rd millennium cal BC coastal community of Poliochne on the northern Aegean island of Lemnos were able to access an array of overseas raw materials, goods, and practices, many of which served to create, and display social status. The socio-economic networks that coalesced at the site facilitated long-distance connections with the larger Aegean world, Anatolia and Mesopotamia beyond, albeit often likely articulated via intermediaries, rather than directly. In this study, we focus on an assemblage of 28 artifacts flaked from obsidian, a relatively rare natural occurrence in the larger region, with the most significant sources being located on Melos (Cyclades), and Cappadocia (central Anatolia). A multi-faceted characterization study of this material, melding elemental data generated by a portable XRF spectrometer [pXRF], and the artifacts’ techno-typological attributes, allow us to show that (a) the assemblage is comprised entirely of obsidian from the Melian source of Sta Nychia, (b) that the material was procured in the form of preformed pressure blade cores and/or ready-made end-products, and (c) that this material was likely brought to Lemnos by Cycladic voyagers, rather than being procured indirectly via western Anatolian intermediaries. The artifacts derive mainly from contexts dated to the first half of the 3rd millennium cal BC, a period of significant overseas Cycladic cultural influence. This Cycladic underpinned ‘international spirit’ involved a range of goods and practices developed by these islanders being accessed, adopted and/or emulated by communities in the surrounding region. This included socially significant modes of body modification, via tattooing and depilation, as evidenced at Poliochne (and elsewhere) by bone tube pigment containers, and obsidian razors pressure flaked from Sta Nychia obsidian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hastrup hoard: Metallurgical and typological links between South Jutland and Hallstatt Europe in the 8th to 6th centuries BCE 哈斯鲁普窖藏：公元前8至6世纪南日德兰和哈尔施塔特欧洲之间的冶金和类型联系

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105533

Louise Felding , Daniel Berger , Charlotta Lindblom , Heide Wrobel Nørgaard

This article presents the recent discovery of the Late Nordic Bronze Age hoard from Hastrup, Denmark, comprising over 200 bronze fragments from objects typologically dated to the 8th to 6th centuries BCE. The assemblage predominantly consists of decorated bronze sheet elements, including discs, sheet metals, and studs, likely associated with female attire or horse/wagon gear. The most distinctive items are large and small adorned discs (plaques), which have no close parallels in the Nordic area but exhibit stylistic affinities with the Central European Hallstatt Culture, especially the HaD period. Despite typological similarities, the unique clamp features on the Hastrup plaques remain without precedent, complicating direct cultural comparison. Archaeometallurgical analyses reveal the use of mixed copper sources, fahlore and chalcopyrite, originating from multiple Alpine regions, and suggest recycling and remelting of earlier metal in some cases. Certain artefacts, such as some of the large plaques and the metal sheets, appear to have been manufactured from a single batch of copper, indicating their production within the same workshop. These technological and compositional consistencies support the interpretation of the hoard as components of one or several coordinated ensembles, such as garments or horse gear.

这篇文章介绍了最近在丹麦哈斯特鲁普发现的北欧青铜时代晚期的宝藏，其中包括200多个青铜碎片，这些碎片来自公元前8世纪到6世纪的物品。该组合主要由装饰的青铜片元素组成，包括圆盘，金属片和饰钉，可能与女性服装或马/马车装备有关。最具特色的物品是大大小小的装饰圆盘（牌匾），在北欧地区没有相似之处，但与中欧哈尔施塔特文化（Hallstatt Culture），尤其是HaD时期的风格相似。尽管有类型学上的相似性，但Hastrup斑块上独特的钳形特征仍然没有先例，这使直接的文化比较变得复杂。考古冶金学分析揭示了混合铜源的使用，源自多个阿尔卑斯地区的辉黄铁矿和黄铜矿，并表明在某些情况下回收和重新熔化了早期的金属。某些文物，如一些大牌匾和金属板，似乎是用一批铜制造的，表明它们是在同一个车间生产的。这些技术和成分的一致性支持了将该窖藏作为一个或几个协调整体（如服装或马具）的组成部分的解释。

{"title":"The Hastrup hoard: Metallurgical and typological links between South Jutland and Hallstatt Europe in the 8th to 6th centuries BCE","authors":"Louise Felding , Daniel Berger , Charlotta Lindblom , Heide Wrobel Nørgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents the recent discovery of the Late Nordic Bronze Age hoard from Hastrup, Denmark, comprising over 200 bronze fragments from objects typologically dated to the 8th to 6th centuries BCE. The assemblage predominantly consists of decorated bronze sheet elements, including discs, sheet metals, and studs, likely associated with female attire or horse/wagon gear. The most distinctive items are large and small adorned discs (plaques), which have no close parallels in the Nordic area but exhibit stylistic affinities with the Central European Hallstatt Culture, especially the HaD period. Despite typological similarities, the unique clamp features on the Hastrup plaques remain without precedent, complicating direct cultural comparison. Archaeometallurgical analyses reveal the use of mixed copper sources, fahlore and chalcopyrite, originating from multiple Alpine regions, and suggest recycling and remelting of earlier metal in some cases. Certain artefacts, such as some of the large plaques and the metal sheets, appear to have been manufactured from a single batch of copper, indicating their production within the same workshop. These technological and compositional consistencies support the interpretation of the hoard as components of one or several coordinated ensembles, such as garments or horse gear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep learning-based identification of carbonized seeds: A case study on Panicum miliaceum (Broomcorn Millet) and Setaria italica (Foxtail Millet) 基于深度学习的炭化种子识别——以粟粉（Panicum miliaceum）和粟粉（Setaria italica）为例

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105537

Kaixin Huang , Zhaomeng Li , Dorothy Sack , Honghao Niu

Carbonized seeds recovered from archaeological sites are commonly identified through manual inspection, a time-consuming and low-throughput process. In particular, many fragmented carbonized seeds cannot be accurately identified by the naked eye. Among these, carbonized millet seeds are especially challenging due to their morphological similarity when charred. This study is the first in archaeobotany to apply and evaluate deep learning techniques for the automatic identification and species-level classification of carbonized millet seeds. A dataset comprising 3,000 images was constructed using modern Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet) and Setaria italica (foxtail millet) seeds in three different seed-condition image datasets: intact, fragmented, and carbonized. Three deep learning models—ResNet50d, YOLOv5s, and ViT-Tiny—were assessed systematically. The ResNet50d model performed best, and did so using carbonized seeds as a tranining set, achieving 95 % accuracy for distinguishing carbonized broomcorn millet and foxtail millet after a mere 3-hour training period, demonstrating its suitability for identifying the carbonized millet seeds. Notably, training with only 300 images per carbonized seed type (600 images in total) yielded stable F1-scores exceeding 90%, significantly reducing training costs. Comparative analyses across different seed-condition image datasets and image qualities revealed that carbonized seeds provided the most discriminating features. Removing image backgrounds further improved model accuracy. Grad-CAM visualizations confirmed both the effectiveness and interpretability of the ResNet50d model. This study highlights the transformative potential of deep learning for automating carbonized seed identification at the species level, offering a practical and efficient approach for the analysis of archaeobotanical remains.

从考古遗址中回收的碳化种子通常通过人工检查来识别，这是一个耗时且低通量的过程。特别是许多碎片化的碳化种子，肉眼无法准确识别。其中，碳化谷子由于其烧焦时的形态相似性，尤其具有挑战性。本研究首次在考古植物学中应用深度学习技术对碳化谷子种子进行自动鉴定和种级分类。利用现代粟粟（Panicum miliaceum）和粟粟（Setaria italica）种子在完整、破碎和碳化三种不同种子状态下的图像数据集构建了包含3000幅图像的数据集。对resnet50d、YOLOv5s和viti - tin3种深度学习模型进行了系统评估。以碳化种子为训练集的ResNet50d模型表现最好，仅经过3小时的训练，就能识别出碳化的黍和谷子，准确率达到95%，证明了其识别碳化谷子种子的适用性。值得注意的是，每个碳化种子类型只有300张图像（总共600张图像）的训练产生了超过90%的稳定f1分数，显著降低了训练成本。通过对不同种子状态图像数据集和图像质量的比较分析发现，碳化种子提供了最具区别性的特征。去除图像背景进一步提高了模型的精度。Grad-CAM可视化证实了ResNet50d模型的有效性和可解释性。这项研究强调了深度学习在物种水平上自动化碳化种子鉴定的变革潜力，为考古植物遗骸的分析提供了一种实用而有效的方法。

{"title":"Deep learning-based identification of carbonized seeds: A case study on Panicum miliaceum (Broomcorn Millet) and Setaria italica (Foxtail Millet)","authors":"Kaixin Huang , Zhaomeng Li , Dorothy Sack , Honghao Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonized seeds recovered from archaeological sites are commonly identified through manual inspection, a time-consuming and low-throughput process. In particular, many fragmented carbonized seeds cannot be accurately identified by the naked eye. Among these, carbonized millet seeds are especially challenging due to their morphological similarity when charred. This study is the first in archaeobotany to apply and evaluate deep learning techniques for the automatic identification and species-level classification of carbonized millet seeds. A dataset comprising 3,000 images was constructed using modern <em>Panicum miliaceum</em> (broomcorn millet) and <em>Setaria italica</em> (foxtail millet) seeds in three different seed-condition image datasets: intact, fragmented, and carbonized. Three deep learning models—ResNet50d, YOLOv5s, and ViT-Tiny—were assessed systematically. The ResNet50d model performed best, and did so using carbonized seeds as a tranining set, achieving 95 % accuracy for distinguishing carbonized broomcorn millet and foxtail millet after a mere 3-hour training period, demonstrating its suitability for identifying the carbonized millet seeds. Notably, training with only 300 images per carbonized seed type (600 images in total) yielded stable F1-scores exceeding 90%, significantly reducing training costs. Comparative analyses across different seed-condition image datasets and image qualities revealed that carbonized seeds provided the most discriminating features. Removing image backgrounds further improved model accuracy. Grad-CAM visualizations confirmed both the effectiveness and interpretability of the ResNet50d model. This study highlights the transformative potential of deep learning for automating carbonized seed identification at the species level, offering a practical and efficient approach for the analysis of archaeobotanical remains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First archaeological evidence of Early Holocene human settlement on the Atlantic coast of South America. The Camarones burial site, Argentine Patagonia 全新世早期人类在南美洲大西洋海岸定居的首个考古证据。阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚的卡马罗内斯墓地

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105515

Julieta Gómez Otero , Ariadna Svoboda , Ana Gabriela Millán , Hernán Ariel Marani , Anahí Banegas

In October 2020 several fragments of human bones were discovered by chance during the construction of a house in Camarones village, on the Patagonian Atlantic coast. Fieldwork and subsequent laboratory studies showed that this was the primary burial of two non-adult individuals of Early Holocene buried at different events: Individual 1 was dated in 9280 BP; 10,210 cal BP, and Individual 2 in 9680 BP; 10,798 cal BP. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) determined that both individuals consumed marine proteins, which suggests that they use the coastal environment regularly during that period. Concerning mortuary practices, Individual 1 was associated with red ochre and 50 beads made of bird bones. Therefore, this burial stands out for several reasons. On the one hand, it provides Early Holocene evidence supporting the Atlantic route dispersal model, proposed several years ago; on the other hand, it is, for the moment, the earliest burial in Patagonia in which red ochre and bone beads were also deposited. Finally, the reuse of the same funerary space through time indicates that hunter-gatherer populations had a fairly good knowledge of their territory at that period.

2020年10月，在巴塔哥尼亚大西洋沿岸的卡马罗内斯村建造房屋时，人们偶然发现了几块人骨碎片。田野调查和随后的实验室研究表明，这是两个全新世早期非成年个体的原始埋葬，埋在不同的事件中：个体1的年代为9280 BP；10210 cal BP，个体2 9680 BP；10,798 cal BP。稳定的碳和氮同位素分析（δ13C和δ15N）确定这两个个体都消耗了海洋蛋白质，这表明它们在那个时期经常使用沿海环境。关于殡葬习俗，个体1与红赭石和50颗鸟骨头制成的珠子有关。因此，这个墓葬之所以引人注目，有几个原因。一方面，它提供了早全新世的证据，支持几年前提出的大西洋路线扩散模型；另一方面，它是目前巴塔哥尼亚最早的埋藏着红赭石和骨珠的墓葬。最后，随着时间的推移，同一墓葬空间的重复使用表明，在那个时期，狩猎采集者对他们的领土有相当好的了解。

{"title":"First archaeological evidence of Early Holocene human settlement on the Atlantic coast of South America. The Camarones burial site, Argentine Patagonia","authors":"Julieta Gómez Otero , Ariadna Svoboda , Ana Gabriela Millán , Hernán Ariel Marani , Anahí Banegas","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In October 2020 several fragments of human bones were discovered by chance during the construction of a house in Camarones village, on the Patagonian Atlantic coast. Fieldwork and subsequent laboratory studies showed that this was the primary burial of two non-adult individuals of Early Holocene buried at different events: Individual 1 was dated in 9280 BP; 10,210 cal BP, and Individual 2 in 9680 BP; 10,798 cal BP. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) determined that both individuals consumed marine proteins, which suggests that they use the coastal environment regularly during that period. Concerning mortuary practices, Individual 1 was associated with red ochre and 50 beads made of bird bones. Therefore, this burial stands out for several reasons. On the one hand, it provides Early Holocene evidence supporting the Atlantic route dispersal model, proposed several years ago; on the other hand, it is, for the moment, the earliest burial in Patagonia in which red ochre and bone beads were also deposited. Finally, the reuse of the same funerary space through time indicates that hunter-gatherer populations had a fairly good knowledge of their territory at that period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific analysis reveals the technological choice of pottery production in southwestern Shandong province from late Neolithic (c.2300-1800 BCE) to early Bronze Age (c.1750-1450 BCE) 科学分析揭示了山东西南部新石器时代晚期（公元前2300-1800年）至青铜时代早期（公元前1750-1450年）陶器生产的技术选择。

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105534

Xin Weng , Patrick Sean Quinn , Fei Zhang , Xuexiang Chen , Quanyu Wang

Pottery production technology evolved alongside society and productivity development. By the late Neolithic period, a variety of pottery-making techniques had already been in use. In Southwest Shandong province, a key corridor between the Central Plains and the Haidai region, archaeologists have identified multiple cultural traditions spanning from the late Neolithic to the early Bronze Age through pottery typology. In this study 92 pottery sherds from the Qingqiu Mound site have been analyzed using petrography and geochemistry to reconstruct pottery production during this period. The results indicate continuous local pottery production from the late Neolithic (c.2300–1800 BCE) to the early Bronze Age (c.1750–1450 BCE), with relatively consistent clay sources and the frequent use of minerals and rock fragments as temper. For cooking vessels significantly increased temper content was found present in the early Bronze Age wares than in those from the late Neolithic period, suggesting shifts in manufacturing techniques over time. Variation in pottery production across different cultural phases further indicate differences in population groups and technological preferences. These findings contribute valuable insights into technological developments and population dynamics in southwestern Shandong from the late Neolithic to the early Bronze Age.

陶器制作技术是随着社会和生产力的发展而发展的。到新石器时代晚期，各种制陶技术已经在使用。在山东省西南部，中原和海岱地区之间的重要走廊，考古学家通过陶器类型学发现了从新石器时代晚期到青铜时代早期的多种文化传统。本文对青丘遗址出土的92块陶器碎片进行了岩石学和地球化学分析，重建了这一时期的陶器生产。结果表明，从新石器时代晚期（公元前2300 - 1800年）到青铜时代早期（公元前1750 - 1450年），当地陶器生产持续不断，粘土来源相对一致，并且经常使用矿物和岩石碎片作为回火。相比新石器时代晚期的炊具，青铜器早期炊具的回火含量明显增加，这表明随着时间的推移，制造技术发生了变化。陶器生产在不同文化阶段的差异进一步表明了人口群体和技术偏好的差异。这些发现有助于了解新石器时代晚期至青铜器时代早期山东西南部地区的技术发展和人口动态。

{"title":"Scientific analysis reveals the technological choice of pottery production in southwestern Shandong province from late Neolithic (c.2300-1800 BCE) to early Bronze Age (c.1750-1450 BCE)","authors":"Xin Weng , Patrick Sean Quinn , Fei Zhang , Xuexiang Chen , Quanyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pottery production technology evolved alongside society and productivity development. By the late Neolithic period, a variety of pottery-making techniques had already been in use. In Southwest Shandong province, a key corridor between the Central Plains and the Haidai region, archaeologists have identified multiple cultural traditions spanning from the late Neolithic to the early Bronze Age through pottery typology. In this study 92 pottery sherds from the Qingqiu Mound site have been analyzed using petrography and geochemistry to reconstruct pottery production during this period. The results indicate continuous local pottery production from the late Neolithic (<em>c.</em>2300–1800 BCE) to the early Bronze Age (<em>c.</em>1750–1450 BCE), with relatively consistent clay sources and the frequent use of minerals and rock fragments as temper. For cooking vessels significantly increased temper content was found present in the early Bronze Age wares than in those from the late Neolithic period, suggesting shifts in manufacturing techniques over time. Variation in pottery production across different cultural phases further indicate differences in population groups and technological preferences. These findings contribute valuable insights into technological developments and population dynamics in southwestern Shandong from the late Neolithic to the early Bronze Age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging space and theory: trends in Czech spatial archaeology in the 21st century 空间与理论的桥梁：21世纪捷克空间考古学的发展趋势

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105524

Peter Tkáč , Jan Kolář

This paper provides a systematic review of Czech spatial archaeology, focusing on its theoretical and methodological development since 2000. We address three main research questions: (1) Are certain regions or prehistoric periods over- or underrepresented in settlement pattern studies? (2) To what extent do Czech archaeologists use spatial approaches for interpreting past societies rather than merely describing archaeological evidence? (3) How has settlement pattern research in the Czech Republic evolved methodologically and theoretically? To answer these questions, we compiled a database of 67 relevant studies published mostly in the last 20 years, enabling quantitative analyses of spatial and temporal coverage, methodological trends, and theoretical influences. The dataset includes publications focusing on the territory of the Czech Republic from the Mesolithic to the Early Medieval period, comprising case studies examining spatial relations between archaeological sites and/or their relations with the surrounding environment. Using statistical analyses, GIS-based approaches, and network analysis, we identify key theoretical and methodological developments and persisting trends in the field. We examine how Czech spatial archaeologists conceptualize their research and how they are incorporated within the European and global archaeological trends. Our findings revealed not only regional differences in Czech spatial archaeology, but also differences in research traditions. Furthermore, certain periods and regions attracted more attention from archaeologists than others. We also managed to track the influence of Evžen Neustupný’s work from the 1980 s to the present day.

本文对捷克空间考古学进行了系统的回顾，重点关注其自2000年以来的理论和方法发展。我们解决了三个主要的研究问题：(1)在定居模式研究中，某些地区或史前时期的代表性是否过高或过低？(2)捷克考古学家在多大程度上使用空间方法来解释过去的社会，而不仅仅是描述考古证据？(3)捷克共和国的聚落格局研究在方法论和理论上是如何演变的？为了回答这些问题，我们编制了一个数据库，其中包括过去20年发表的67项相关研究，从而可以对时空覆盖、方法趋势和理论影响进行定量分析。该数据集包括集中于中石器时代至中世纪早期捷克共和国领土的出版物，包括研究考古遗址之间空间关系和/或其与周围环境关系的案例研究。使用统计分析、基于gis的方法和网络分析，我们确定了该领域的关键理论和方法发展以及持续趋势。我们研究捷克空间考古学家如何概念化他们的研究，以及他们如何纳入欧洲和全球考古趋势。我们的发现不仅揭示了捷克空间考古的地区差异，也揭示了研究传统的差异。此外，某些时期和地区比其他时期和地区更吸引考古学家的关注。我们还设法追踪了Evžen Neustupný的工作从1980年代到现在的影响。

{"title":"Bridging space and theory: trends in Czech spatial archaeology in the 21st century","authors":"Peter Tkáč , Jan Kolář","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a systematic review of Czech spatial archaeology, focusing on its theoretical and methodological development since 2000. We address three main research questions: (1) Are certain regions or prehistoric periods over- or underrepresented in settlement pattern studies? (2) To what extent do Czech archaeologists use spatial approaches for interpreting past societies rather than merely describing archaeological evidence? (3) How has settlement pattern research in the Czech Republic evolved methodologically and theoretically? To answer these questions, we compiled a database of 67 relevant studies published mostly in the last 20 years, enabling quantitative analyses of spatial and temporal coverage, methodological trends, and theoretical influences. The dataset includes publications focusing on the territory of the Czech Republic from the Mesolithic to the Early Medieval period, comprising case studies examining spatial relations between archaeological sites and/or their relations with the surrounding environment. Using statistical analyses, GIS-based approaches, and network analysis, we identify key theoretical and methodological developments and persisting trends in the field. We examine how Czech spatial archaeologists conceptualize their research and how they are incorporated within the European and global archaeological trends. Our findings revealed not only regional differences in Czech spatial archaeology, but also differences in research traditions. Furthermore, certain periods and regions attracted more attention from archaeologists than others. We also managed to track the influence of Evžen Neustupný’s work from the 1980 s to the present day.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical composition of glass rings and bracelets from the Santana Convent (Lisboa) and the Santa Maria do Castelo Church (Torres Novas). A short contribution to 16th – 1st half of 17th century glassmaking in Portugal 桑塔纳修道院（里斯本）和圣玛丽亚城堡教堂（托雷斯新）的玻璃戒指和手镯的化学成分。对葡萄牙17世纪16 -上半叶玻璃制作的简短贡献

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105521

Dana Rohanová , Rosa Varela Gomes , Mário Varela Gomes , Sylwia Siemianowska

The archaeological excavations of the areas where the Santana Convent (Lisbon, 16th–19th c.) and the Church of Santa Maria do Castelo (Torres Novas, 14th–20th c.) once stood, brought to new light of their structures, as well as thousands of different types of artefacts. Amongst them, numerous glasses find, included ring and bracelet fragments were found. The aim of this article is the technological and technical study of characteristics of a selected glass rings and bracelets in the context of other finds of this type from Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula. The presented results of chemical composition analyses will undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of Portuguese glassmaking in the 16th and 17th centuries.

对桑塔纳修道院（里斯本，公元16 - 19世纪）和圣玛丽亚城堡教堂（托里斯诺瓦斯，公元14 - 20世纪）所在地的考古发掘，使人们对它们的结构以及数千种不同类型的人工制品有了新的认识。在其中，发现了许多玻璃杯，包括戒指和手镯的碎片。本文的目的是在葡萄牙和伊比利亚半岛的其他此类发现的背景下，对选定的玻璃戒指和手镯的特征进行技术和技术研究。毫无疑问，化学成分分析的结果将有助于更好地了解16世纪和17世纪的葡萄牙玻璃制造。

引用次数: 0