Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献_第4页

How much did we lose? Investigating the impact of depositional environments on bone artifact preservation: Preliminary taphonomical findings 我们损失了多少？研究沉积环境对骨器保存的影响：初步的岩石学发现

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104863

Justyna Orłowska

The impact of the depositional environment on bone artifacts is a crucial aspect of traceological research related to prehistoric osseous tools. The conditions in which bone artifacts are deposited significantly influence their preservation and the visibility of manufacturing and use-wear traces. Various factors such as soil composition, climate, burial depth, microbial activity and taphonomic processes (e.g., scavenging, water transport, and plant roots), can alter the state of bone artifacts. These processes may introduce additional wear or modify existing traces. This study presents the preliminary results of a taphonomical research examining the impact of different soils and post-depositional changes (mainly plant roots and fungi) on the preservation and visibility of cultural modifications on bones. Thus, an experiment was conducted where specially prepared modern bone pieces with various manufacturing traces on their surfaces were deposited outdoors in five types of soil for periods of 3 and 6 years. The study’s findings provide numerous interesting observations and insights into the preservation of various types of manufacturing stigmata and the bones themselves, emphasizing the need for further in-depth research in this field. Furthermore, the presented findings may be helpful in taphonomic, traceological and forensic science research.

沉积环境对骨质文物的影响是史前骨质工具痕迹学研究的一个重要方面。骨器的沉积环境对其保存以及制造和使用磨损痕迹的可见性有很大影响。各种因素，如土壤成分、气候、埋藏深度、微生物活动和岩土工程学过程（如清扫、水流和植物根系），都会改变骨器的状态。这些过程可能会带来额外的磨损或改变现有的痕迹。本研究介绍了一项岩相学研究的初步结果，该研究探讨了不同土壤和沉积后变化（主要是植物根系和真菌）对骨骼上文化修饰的保存和可见性的影响。为此，研究人员进行了一项实验，将特制的表面带有各种制造痕迹的现代骨片放置在室外的五种土壤中，时间分别为 3 年和 6 年。研究结果对各种制造痕迹和骨骼本身的保存提供了许多有趣的观察和见解，强调了在这一领域进一步深入研究的必要性。此外，所提供的研究结果可能对岩石学、痕迹学和法医学研究有所帮助。

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引用次数: 0

What jewelry did people wear in the Middle Byzantine period (10th-12th C. CE) in the Peloponnese? A technological and analytical case study 拜占庭中期（公元前 10-12 世纪）伯罗奔尼撒半岛的人们佩戴什么首饰？技术和分析案例研究

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104778

G. Logothetou , S. Metaxas , N.K. Kladouri , A.G. Karydas , N. Zacharias

The present paper presents the preliminary results of the archaeometric analysis of a Middle Byzantine jewelry assemblage made of non-precious metals from the ancient site of Pallantion, near Tripoli (Peloponnese, Greece). The assemblage under examination consists of 26 artifacts, including earrings, finger rings and buckles. Macroscopic observations and optical microscopy were used to examine the manufacturing technology of the artifacts, with a particular focus on the manufacturing technology of wires. The proposed methodology combined a Handheld X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (HH-XRF) and a Micro X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (μ-XRF) to group the alloys used in the manufacture of the jewelry, despite the presence of corrosion. This methodology indicated that the majority of the artifacts was made of bronze, leaded or not, and gunmetal. Moreover, a quantification criterion was used to determine the state of preservation of the surface of the jewelry. Overall, the present study highlights the manufacturing technology of jewelry of the Middle Byzantine period and the tendency to imitate silver jewelry with lower-cost materials.

本文介绍了对的黎波里（希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛）附近帕兰提翁古遗址出土的一批拜占庭中期非贵金属首饰进行考古计量分析的初步结果。此次展出的珠宝共有 26 件，包括耳环、指环和扣环。研究人员利用宏观观察和光学显微镜对这些文物的制造技术进行了研究，重点是金属丝的制造技术。建议的方法结合了手持式 X 射线荧光光谱仪（HH-XRF）和微型 X 射线荧光光谱仪（μ-XRF），对制造珠宝时使用的合金进行分组，尽管存在腐蚀。这种方法表明，大部分文物是由青铜、含铅或不含铅的青铜和枪铜制成的。此外，还采用了量化标准来确定首饰表面的保存状况。总之，本研究强调了拜占庭中期珠宝的制造技术以及用低成本材料仿制银饰的趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Finding historical linkages between India and Myanmar through archaeological and physicochemical analysis of ceramics c. 1st century BCE to 13th century CE 通过对公元前 1 世纪至公元前 13 世纪陶瓷的考古和理化分析寻找印度和缅甸之间的历史联系

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104828

Kaushik Gangopadhyay , Rajat Sanyal , Sharmistha Chatterjee , Pritam Singh , Chandrima Shaha , Nabanita Naskar , David Morgan , Kamalika Sen

Linkages of trade and culture between India and Myanmar, dating from the 1st millennium BCE, have been emphasized by several archaeologists. One of the significant set of artefacts that played a pivotal role in these processes of network is pottery. In this paper, the authors present the first ever comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties of potteries from important archaeological sites of India and Myanmar, chrono-culturally dated between 1st century BCE and 13th century CE. Results showed an interesting correlation among samples, underlining regular interactions between India and Myanmar. This possibly resulted not only in the transport of pottery but also in the sharing of its manufacturing techniques. A strong correlation in the composition of different elements, their interplay and the resultant structural details of the pottery obtained from the two regions play a key role in solving this ever-debated puzzle.

一些考古学家强调了印度和缅甸之间的贸易和文化联系，这种联系可以追溯到公元前一千年。陶器是在这些网络过程中发挥关键作用的重要文物之一。在本文中，作者首次对印度和缅甸重要考古遗址出土的陶器的物理化学特性进行了全面研究，这些陶器的年代文化为公元前 1 世纪至公元 13 世纪。研究结果表明，样品之间存在着有趣的相关性，凸显了印度和缅甸之间的定期互动。这不仅可能导致陶器的运输，也可能导致陶器制造技术的共享。从这两个地区获得的陶器在不同元素的组成、相互影响以及由此产生的结构细节方面存在着很强的相关性，这对解决这个一直存在争议的难题起到了关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

A metal hoard from Susz provides new evidence for the use of bast cordage during the Lusatian period in Poland 苏什出土的金属囤积物为波兰卢萨特时期使用韧皮绳索提供了新证据

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104856

Magdalena Przymorska-Sztuczka , Jacek Gackowski , Łukasz Kowalski , Aldona Garbacz-Klempka , Dariusz Kamiński , Łukasz Szczepański

Archaeological textiles and cordage from the 1st millennium BCE in Poland are relatively scarce. The majority of the available evidence has been preserved in a mineralised state or as imprints in association with metal and clay objects. Recently, the numerous remains of a bast cordage were identified among the metal artefacts from a Late Bronze Age metal hoard from Susz in north-eastern Poland, which has provided robust evidence for bast cordage production and use during that period. This paper presents and discusses the results of the technological and fibre identifications of the Susz cordage aided by archaeometallurgical and radiocarbon evidence to add more details to the biography of the hoard and place it more firmly within the context of the North European Bronze Age.

波兰公元前一千年的考古纺织品和绳索相对稀少。大部分现有证据都是以矿化状态或与金属和粘土器物相关的印记形式保存下来的。最近，在波兰东北部苏斯（Susz）出土的青铜时代晚期金属囤中的金属器物中发现了大量韧皮绳索的残骸，这为这一时期韧皮绳索的生产和使用提供了有力的证据。本文介绍并讨论了在考古冶金学和放射性碳证据的帮助下对苏斯绳索进行技术和纤维鉴定的结果，从而为该金属囤的传记增添了更多细节，并将其更牢固地置于北欧青铜时代的背景之下。

引用次数: 0

Human diet and social complexity during the middle and late Dawenkou period at the Jiaojia Site, China 中国焦家遗址大汶口时期中晚期的人类饮食与社会复杂性

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104857

Meng Liu, Zhongming Tang, Yongsheng Zhao, Hao Wu, Luxia Cheng, Yu Dong, Fen Wang

Scholars have usually examined social complexity of the Dawenkou culture, Neolithic China through mortuary rituals, and have long assumed that there was graduated development of both social stratification and gender inequality. The newly discovered Jiaojia cemetery dated to the middle and late Dawenkou period, provides us a valuable opportunity to investigate the development of social complexity with a different perspective. We carried out stable isotopic analysis of human and animal bones from the Jiaojia site to explore the relationship between human diet and social complexity. The results indicate that Jiaojia people’s diets are dominated by C₄ foods (i. e. foxtail and broomcorn millet), and the contribution of C₄ foods increased significantly over time, suggesting the further development of millet farming. In addition, there were signs of food-based social stratification in the late phase of the Jiaojia site, more C₃ foods and meat were consumed by some elites. However, the dietary difference between males and females was not significant. This study demonstrates that dietary studies can be a valuable lens to examine the development of social complexity, and it also confirms that social complexity should be examined through multiple dimensions, mortuary practice is only one of them.

学者们通常通过停尸仪式来考察中国新石器时代大汶口文化的社会复杂性，并长期以来一直认为社会分层和性别不平等都在逐步发展。新发现的焦家墓地年代为大汶口文化中晚期，这为我们提供了一个从不同角度研究社会复杂性发展的宝贵机会。我们对焦家遗址出土的人骨和兽骨进行了稳定同位素分析，以探讨人类饮食与社会复杂性之间的关系。结果表明，焦家村人的膳食以 C4 食物（即狐尾粟和扫帚粟）为主，而且随着时间的推移，C4 食物的比例显著增加，这表明粟农业得到了进一步发展。此外，焦家遗址晚期出现了以食物为基础的社会分层迹象，一些精英阶层食用更多的 C3 食物和肉类。然而，男性和女性的膳食差异并不显著。这项研究表明，饮食研究可以成为研究社会复杂性发展的一个重要视角，同时也证实了社会复杂性应从多个维度进行研究，停尸习俗只是其中之一。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying construction technologies and environmental connections at the Iron Age IIA settlement of Kh. es-Suwweida, Israel: A microarchaeological study 确定以色列 Kh. es-Suwweida IIA 铁器时代定居点的建筑技术和环境联系：微观考古研究

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104850

Elle Grono , Meir Edrey , Bärbel Morstadt , Philip Bampton , Roni Zuckerman-Cooper , Gal Bermatov Paz , Dafna Langgut , David E. Friesem

The first season of excavations at Kh. es-Suwweida in northern Israel revealed strata from the late Iron Age IIA consisting of a series of massive fortification walls, rooms and internal compartments with potential floors. A microarchaeological investigation was undertaken to add high-resolution contextual and compositional data to the field evidence and characterize site formation processes, construction materials and technologies, and use of environmental resources. We applied a micro-archaeological approach to study sediments and archaeological materials via micromorphology, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and micro-spectroscopy, and phytolith and pollen analysis. Two main construction technologies were identified: lime plasters produced from mixtures of pyrogenic lime and non-pyrogenic crushed chalk, and mudbricks prepared from sedimentary materials. An in situ lime constructed floor with multiple re-plastering and activity zones associated with the remains of a degraded mudbrick structure was reconstructed in one locality, and a collapsed burnt lime and mudbrick building with a wooden superstructure was reconstructed in another locality. The micro-archaeobotanical analyses identify domesticated barley, the cultural utilisation of grasses on-site, and a hinterland vegetation of open fields. The combined microarchaeological evidence enables a more detailed reconstruction of the variability in construction technologies and the sequence of collapse and degradation processes in an Iron Age settlement.

在以色列北部 Kh. es-Suwweida 进行的第一季发掘揭示了铁器时代晚期 IIA 的地层，包括一系列巨大的防御工事围墙、房间和可能有地面的内部隔间。我们开展了一项微观考古调查，为实地证据增加了高分辨率的背景和成分数据，并确定了遗址形成过程、建筑材料和技术以及环境资源利用的特征。我们采用微观考古学方法，通过微观形态学、傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱学和微观光谱学以及植物凋落物和花粉分析，对沉积物和考古材料进行了研究。研究发现了两种主要的建筑技术：一种是用热成石灰和非热成碎白垩的混合物制成的石灰抹灰，另一种是用沉积材料制成的泥砖。在一个地点重建了一个原地用石灰砌成的地板，上面有多个重新抹灰和活动区，与一个退化的泥砖结构遗迹有关；在另一个地点重建了一个坍塌的烧制石灰和泥砖建筑，上面有一个木制的上层建筑。微观考古植物学分析确定了驯化的大麦、现场对草的文化利用以及开阔田野的腹地植被。综合微观考古学证据，可以更详细地重建铁器时代聚落中建筑技术的变化以及坍塌和退化过程的顺序。

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引用次数: 0

Tracing the path: First attempt of a multi-isotope approach to animal management in the Late Roman city of Torreparedones (Baena, Spain) 追踪路径：首次尝试在晚期罗马城市 Torreparedones（西班牙巴埃纳）采用多同位素方法进行动物管理

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104851

Santiago Guillamón Dávila , Rafael M. Martínez Sánchez , Alexandra Nederbragt , Morten Andersen , Richard Madgwick

During the 3rd century CE, the city of Torreparedones, in the province of Baetica, experienced a change in its social, urban and economic paradigm. To understand the complexity of the husbandry activities in the southern region of Roman Hispania during this period of change, a multi-isotope analysis has been undertaken. This analysis has included ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in 15 animals combining bone collagen and tooth enamel samples. Four plant samples were also taken for the characterization of the local bioavailable Sr. The results suggest a great variety of management regimes in the four main taxa used in the site. Differences have been detected in the feeding of animals from the same species not only in the kind of graze consumed but also in seasonal access to food and water. The analysis of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr has allowed local Sr bioavailability to be established and also to determine the likely local origins of 9 of the 15 animals. The use of predictive models suggests potential origins of some animals up to hundreds of kilometres away, pointing to wide-ranging trade routes worthy of exploration in future research.

公元 3 世纪期间，位于巴特卡省的托雷帕雷多内斯城经历了社会、城市和经济模式的变革。为了了解这一变革时期罗马希斯帕尼亚南部地区畜牧业活动的复杂性，我们进行了多同位素分析。分析包括 15 种动物的 13C、15N、18O 和 87Sr/86Sr 以及骨胶原和牙釉质样本。还采集了四种植物样本，以确定当地生物可利用的锶的特征。结果表明，该遗址中使用的四种主要类群的管理制度存在很大差异。发现同一物种的动物在进食时不仅在所食用的牧草种类上存在差异，而且在获得食物和水的季节性方面也存在差异。通过对 87Sr/86Sr 的分析，确定了当地的硒生物利用率，并确定了 15 种动物中 9 种可能的当地来源。预测模型的使用表明，一些动物的潜在原产地可能在数百公里之外，这说明贸易路线范围广泛，值得在今后的研究中进行探索。

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引用次数: 0

Firewood exploitation in the Amu Darya valley of Uzbekistan from ca. 300 BCE to ca. 1400 CE 约公元前 300 年至约公元 1400 年乌兹别克斯坦阿姆河流域的木柴开采情况

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104837

Raquel Piqué Huerta , Josep Maria Gurt Esparraguera , Verónica Martínez Ferreras , Enrique Ariño Gil , Rodrigo Portero , Paula Uribe Agudo

This paper presents the results of the analysis of charcoal recovered during recent excavations in the ancient city of Termez and other sites in the Amu Darya region of Uzbekistan, dated between 300 BCE and 1400 CE. The charcoal analysis focused on the identification of taxa with the aim of approximating the acquisition and use of firewood. It showed the use of plants that grew in the riparian forests near the course of the Amu Darya during the time of the sequence. Tamarix sp., Fraxinus sp., and Salicaceae are the most abundant remains. Other taxa such as Elaeagnus sp., Vitis vinifera, Prunus sp., and Maloideae are also present. The increase in the consumption of certain riparian taxa over time, together with the decline of others, indicates the impact of human activities on local ecosystems and species availability. The presence of economic species, such as Vitis sp. or Ficus carica, and other potentially cultivated species such as Prunus sp., in the area suggests the introduction and early practice of arboriculture, possibly supported by water resources.

本文介绍了最近在乌兹别克斯坦铁尔梅兹古城和阿姆河地区其他遗址发掘过程中发现的木炭的分析结果，这些木炭的年代在公元前 300 年至公元 1400 年之间。木炭分析的重点是鉴定分类群，目的是大致了解木柴的获取和使用情况。木炭分析表明，在该序列时期，人们使用了生长在阿姆河河道附近河岸森林中的植物。柽柳科、梣科和莎草科植物是最丰富的遗存。其他类群如榆树、葡萄树、樱桃树和马缨丹科植物也有分布。随着时间的推移，某些河岸分类群的消耗量增加，而其他分类群的消耗量则减少，这表明人类活动对当地生态系统和物种供应产生了影响。该地区经济树种（如葡萄树或榕树）和其他潜在栽培树种（如樱桃树）的存在表明，可能是在水资源的支持下，该地区引入了树木栽培技术并在早期进行了实践。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal utilization patterns of sika deer (Cervus nippon) remains from eastern Japan utilizing radiographs of mandibular molariform teeth 利用下颌臼齿的射线照片研究日本东部梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）遗骸的季节性利用模式

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104816

Takumi Sakamoto

This study investigates the utilization of sika deer (Cervus nippon) based on radiographs of mandibular bones from two Jomon period archaeological sites in the Shimousa Heights, northern Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The author analyzed the age at death of sika deer by examining the development of mandibular molariform teeth through radiographic methods. The findings suggest that sika deer were predominantly used during winter, indicating seasonal concentration in their exploitation. These patterns are consistent across the two sites. Building on these findings and previous research, the author proposes that activities such as hunting and shellfish gathering at these sites were not only for subsistence but also facilitated resource exchange. Consequently, sika deer likely served as a medium for trading fisheries resources, highlighting the seasonal dynamics of animal utilization and resource exchange.

本研究根据日本千叶县北部下总高地两处绳文时代考古遗址中梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）下颌骨的放射线照片，研究了梅花鹿的利用情况。作者通过放射学方法检查下颌臼齿的发育情况，分析了梅花鹿的死亡年龄。研究结果表明，梅花鹿主要在冬季被利用，这表明梅花鹿的利用具有季节集中性。这些模式在两个地点是一致的。基于这些发现和以前的研究，作者提出，在这些遗址进行的狩猎和贝类采集等活动不仅是为了维持生计，而且还促进了资源交换。因此，梅花鹿很可能是交易渔业资源的媒介，突出了动物利用和资源交换的季节性动态。

引用次数: 0

Woodland exploitation by early modern military camps and their impact on the forest environment. Anthracological analysis from Ninove-Doorn Noord (1692–1693, 1745, Belgium) 现代早期军营对林地的开发及其对森林环境的影响。来自 Ninove-Doorn Noord（1692-1693 年，1745 年，比利时）的人类学分析

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104836

Hello-Laprérie Germain , Deforce Koen , Verbrugge Arne , Callou Cécile , Salavert Aurélie

Few anthracological studies exist for the modern period (CE 1400–1900) in Europe, particularly for military camps. Nevertheless, wood was a principle strategical resource in the daily life of armies during conflicts. This paper focuses on the anthracological analyses of fire pits from a set of military camps located in Ninove-Doorn Noord (northern Belgium), dating from 1692, 1693 (Nine Years’ War) and 1745 (War of the Austrian Succession). The goals were to observe the dynamic of the landscape between the two periods of occupation and to improve our understanding of the firewood supplies of modern armies at a local scale.

This study focuses on the taxonomic identification of more than 8,000 charcoal fragments. In total, 116 samples from 72 structures were analyzed. The results revealed that the troops mainly gathered firewood in riparian formations dominated by alder, Salicaceae and ash. The charcoal assemblages of the earliest camp (1692–93) present a higher taxonomic diversity than those of the following camp (1745) – 16 and 14 taxa, respectively. Furthermore, the increase of Salicaceae charcoals in the 1745 assemblage suggests a degradation of the environment, probably due to anthropogenic pressure (forestry, agriculture, conflicts). These results highlight the potential of anthracology to improve our knowledge of the impact of warfare on woodland history.

欧洲近代（公元 1400-1900 年）的人类学研究很少，尤其是关于军营的研究。然而，木材是冲突期间军队日常生活中的主要战略资源。本文侧重于对位于 Ninove-Doorn Noord（比利时北部）的一组军营中的火坑进行人类学分析，这些火坑的年代分别为 1692 年、1693 年（九年战争）和 1745 年（奥地利王位继承战争）。本研究的重点是对 8000 多块木炭碎片进行分类鉴定。本研究重点对 8000 多块木炭碎片进行了分类鉴定，共分析了来自 72 个建筑的 116 个样本。研究结果表明，军队主要在以桤木、莎草科植物和白蜡为主的河岸地带采集木柴。最早营地（1692-93 年）的木炭组合比随后营地（1745 年）的木炭组合呈现出更高的分类多样性，分别为 16 个和 14 个分类群。此外，1745 年的木炭组合中盐肤木科木炭的增加表明环境已经退化，这可能是人为压力（林业、农业、冲突）造成的。这些结果凸显了炭疽学在增进我们对战争对林地历史影响的了解方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0