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Early Iron Age metal trade networks of the workshop of Cabeço Redondo (southern Portugal). Tracing the origin of lead of ternary bronzes

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105045

Pedro Valério , Rui Monge Soares , António M. Monge Soares , Susana Sousa Gomes , Maria Fátima Araújo

Recent research has identified two regions for the supply of copper to the 5th century workshop of Cabeço Redondo (Moura), namely Sardinia (Central Mediterranean region) and Los Pedroches Batholith complex (Central Iberian Zone). The important collection of metal debris recovered by archaeological surveys includes not only copper and bronze ingots and lumps, but also leaded bronze examples, which study can provide answers regarding the provenance of lead of ternary bronzes. Therefore, a fragment of a possible ingot and two lumps were characterised by SEM-EDS, ICP-QMS and MC-ICP-MS to establish microstructural features, trace elemental compositions and Pb isotope signatures, respectively. Leaded bronze samples show similar microstructural compositions, comprising a dendritic morphology with significant presence of the α + δ eutectoid and Pb-rich and Cu-S inclusions. Trace elements profiles indicate a higher Ni and As content in the “ingot”. The Pb isotope signature of this “ingot” is also significantly different from that of the two lumps, but all of them overlap with lead sources from different regions bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, the determination of the nearest Euclidean neighbours and geologic parameters, crossed with archaeological and historical data, was used to find the most likely sources of lead of these ternary bronzes. The lead sources could correspond to distinct regions in the Iberian Peninsula (Ossa-Morena Zone and Alcudia Valley) and in the Eastern Mediterranean (Greece and Anatolia). Considering also the sources of copper for the Cabeço Redondo metallurgical workshop, these new results evidence a complex metal supply system that includes both intra and extra-peninsular trade networks covering, not only the Western and Central Mediterranean, but also Eastern Mediterranean regions.

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引用次数: 0

Grinding Stone Deposits of the Linear Pottery Culture in Central Germany

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104998

Erik Zamzow , Marina Eguíluz Valentini , Mario Küßner , Roberto Risch

In recent years, three deposits of grinding stones have been discovered in Central Germany, resembling a phenomenon known from the Paris Basin and Belgium. These deposits were more than simple disposals; they likely held ritual or symbolic significance, reflecting the values and beliefs of the community. Their symbolism is diverse, shaped by both the tools themselves and their locations. The condition of the tools—ranging from new to nearly worn-out—adds layers of meaning, suggesting cycles of creation, use, and obsolescence. These symbols, such as fertility, life cycles, and territorial markers, mirror the daily and yearly rhythms of agrarian life. Additionally, they represent human biographies and social relationships, often emphasizing transitional moments such as birth, marriage, and death. A techno-functional analysis of the grinding tools highlights time as a central theme, symbolized through daily routines, seasonal cycles, and human lifespans. Overall, these interpretations reveal the complex and multifaceted nature of the grinding stone deposits, offering valuable insights into the worldviews and practices of past societies.

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引用次数: 0

Drones over excavations – Enhancing the archaeologist’s eyes. An empirical case study into the deployment of UAS remote sensing as a research tool for archaeological excavation, in Veldhoven, the Netherlands

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105043

Jitte Waagen , Anne van Hilst

In the context of archaeological excavation, drone remote sensing has predominantly been used to collect photographs. This paper demonstrates the potential drone remote sensing beyond visible-light imaging over an excavation of Iron Age and Roman period habitation in Veldhoven, The Netherlands. The result of two recording moments using visible-light, visible-light-near-infrared, and thermal infrared sensors, are archaeologically interpreted, validated, and correlated to the outcomes of a sedimentological analysis of collected sediment samples. This eventually lays bare the interaction between remote sensing visualised data models, expert analysis, reflection attributes of different sediment properties, and archaeological formation processes. The end result is a useful and empirically researched characterization of the causal mechanism that provides a firm base for a model to interpret future drone remote sensing results in excavation contexts.

引用次数: 0

Territorialisation and human mobility during the Iron Age in NE Iberia: An approach through Isotope Analyses of the Severed Heads from Puig Castellar (Barcelona, Spain) and Ullastret (Girona, Spain)

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105035

Rubén de la Fuente-Seoane , Diego López-Onaindia , Ferran Codina Falgas , Gabriel De Prado , Conxita Ferrer Álvarez , M. Carme Rovira Hortalà , Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla , Ariadna Nieto-Espinet , M. Eulàlia Subirà

During the late 1st millennium BCE, the societies from northeastern Iberia underwent rapid transformations due to their interaction with Mediterranean networks. The archaeological record reflects a widespread process of territorialisation and the emergence of social inequalities. However, the generalisation of cremation as the funerary practice makes more difficult to reconstruct the biological characteristics and social structure of these communities.

The severed heads represent a unique symbolic practice within the Iberian world and offer an exceptional opportunity to analyse these communities. It has been proposed that they might have been protective relics from ancestors or war trophies of foreign enemies. But these hypotheses have not been tested yet, nor has the relationship of these groups with their territory.

This paper provides new data to understand how interactions between human communities linked to the NE Iberian territory were articulated. This has been possible thanks to the analysis of seven severed skulls from two major sites: Ullastret and Puig Castellar. This was performed using a multiproxy approach combining bioarchaeology with δ¹⁸O and⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr stable isotope analyses. The integration of anthropological, isotopic, and archaeozoological data, along with local baselines of bioavailable strontium values has provided valuable information about the degree of connectivity between territories, and the impact of sociopolitical context system on human and animal mobility in local Iron Age societies.

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引用次数: 0

High alumina plant ash (v-Na-Al) glass bangles from Siraf: Clarifications on a Central Asian glass group (9th-14th century)

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104970

Charlotte K. Nash-Pye , Andrew Meek , Nadine Schibille , St John Simpson

During the excavations of 1966–1973 vast quantities of glass were found at Siraf in Iran on the Persian Gulf, primarily dating to the 9th-11th centuries. Some of this glass assemblage held in the Corning Museum of Glass was analysed using LA-ICP-MS, including nine glass bangle fragments dating to ca. 14th century. One was found to be of a high alumina plant ash (v-Na-Al) composition, as was a 14th-15th century glass kohl stick fragment. Further analysis of the 14th-century Siraf glass bangle collection held at the British Museum has now been analysed using LA-ICP-MS, identifying several more v-Na-Al glass bangles. Recent studies have concluded that plant ash soda glasses of Central Asian origin can most notably be characterised by elevated levels of alumina (>4.5 wt%). This article reviews their glass characteristics in the context of a recently improved understanding of glass dating between the 9th-14th centuries from the historic Greater Khurasan region and particularly the v-Na-Al glass collections of Central Asia. This investigation proposes there were at least three main Central Asian glass production groups (CA1, CA2 and CA3) in circulation during this period. These differ primarily on their alumina, titanium and zirconium concentrations. Additional comparison with other relevant glass bangle collections, and v-Na-Al glass recently reviewed from south and east Africa, reveals that multiple chronologically definable subtypes of these groups may have been in circulation. Further to this, while the CA3 category remained relatively local, the CA2 type appears to have enjoyed the widest circulation along caravan routes, yet the CA1 type the widest via maritime routes. These insights offer additional information on the major characteristics of this elusive category of glass, its periods of production and an improved understanding of distribution patterns.

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引用次数: 0

Petrographic and chemical analyses of ceramic roof tile end caps from the ritual temple of Jin Dynasty in Changbai Mountain

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105032

Junjie Zhao , Juanying Xiao , Tian Liu , Siran Liu

The site of Baomacheng has revealed the largest known imperial ritual temple dedicated to a mountain god in China. Constructed by Emperor Shizong of the Jin dynasty between the 12th and 14th years of Dading (1172 CE-1174 CE), the site yielded abundant roof tile end caps, categorized into six typological groups. 88 samples were analysed for their major and minor element composition, and 38 of them were also subjected to trace element composition analysis. The geochemical patterns suggest that the raw clay used for these end caps significantly differs from local basalts but closely resembles the trachyte found around the Tianchi volcanic cone, indicating that they were the weathering product of this type of rock. Petrographic analysis divided the samples into five fabric groups: two rich in residual orthoclase feldspars and three characterized by a fine matrix and large ferromanganese nodules. The stylistic types of tile end caps correspond well with these fabric groups, suggesting that a series of workshops were employed simultaneously during the construction of this magnificent temple. This multi-supplier model has been recognized as a significant feature in the imperial construction works of historical China.

{"title":"Petrographic and chemical analyses of ceramic roof tile end caps from the ritual temple of Jin Dynasty in Changbai Mountain","authors":"Junjie Zhao , Juanying Xiao , Tian Liu , Siran Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The site of Baomacheng has revealed the largest known imperial ritual temple dedicated to a mountain god in China. Constructed by Emperor Shizong of the Jin dynasty between the 12th and 14th years of Dading (1172 CE-1174 CE), the site yielded abundant roof tile end caps, categorized into six typological groups. 88 samples were analysed for their major and minor element composition, and 38 of them were also subjected to trace element composition analysis. The geochemical patterns suggest that the raw clay used for these end caps significantly differs from local basalts but closely resembles the trachyte found around the Tianchi volcanic cone, indicating that they were the weathering product of this type of rock. Petrographic analysis divided the samples into five fabric groups: two rich in residual orthoclase feldspars and three characterized by a fine matrix and large ferromanganese nodules. The stylistic types of tile end caps correspond well with these fabric groups, suggesting that a series of workshops were employed simultaneously during the construction of this magnificent temple. This multi-supplier model has been recognized as a significant feature in the imperial construction works of historical China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pottery analysis at Guandimiao: New insights into the rural economy of the anyang period

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105006

Suting Li , Roderick Campbell , Andrew Womack , Camilla Sturm , Mi Wang , Kechu Huang

Guandimiao is a uniquely important site as the only extensively excavated Shang village. Twenty one kilns and abundant ceramic production tools and waste suggested that pottery was a major economic focus. We conducted a stratified random sampling of the site and analyzed 10% of the total sherd assemblage. These results compared well to the original diagnostic analysis of the entire assemblage. By comparing the sherds recovered from different unit types we were show that production and consumption assemblages differed. The key difference was the ratio of li-tripod cooking vessels to large storage vessels – higher in domestic and ritual contexts and lower in production contexts. An analysis of misfired sherds showed an even lower ratio of li to large storage vessels, verifying the impression that the major focus of production was large storage vessels and secondarily li-tripod cooking vessels. The economic model that best fit this production pattern was one of local or possibly regional exchange – with Guandimiao villagers specializing in the more technically challenging of the common basic non-elite ceramic repertoire.

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引用次数: 0

Zooarchaeology of Celtiberian-Roman households: Animal use in Numantia (Soria, Spain)

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105021

Verónica Estaca-Gómez, Raquel Liceras-Garrido, Sergio A. Quintero-Cabello, Alfredo Jimeno

This paper presents faunal data from the Celtiberian-Roman oppidum of Numantia (Garray, Soria, Spain), particularly the results from two domestic units excavated between 1999 and 2000, House A and B. Both are located in the North sector of the town, using the Late Iron Age defensive rampart as a constructive terrace. These houses show the typical tripartite building pattern, separating the domestic space into three rooms and an outdoor courtyard.

Analysing 1,561 faunal remains, the main taxon in both domestic contexts are the caprines herd, followed by bovids and pigs. Most of them were adult individuals, although in House B there are also remains of infants and juveniles. We have also observed that in House A most remains came from the courtyard, whilst in House B they were recorded in a cobbled area, possibly the pavement of a street. Therefore, the largest concentration of zooarchaeological remains clusters in transit areas. Cut marks have been examined and are present in all anatomical sections of the three taxa (caprines, bovids, and horses). Finally, mortality patterns suggest that animals were used until the end of their lives for labour, fertiliser, wool and milk production. Animals were slaughtered and used for their meat when they were no longer productive.

{"title":"Zooarchaeology of Celtiberian-Roman households: Animal use in Numantia (Soria, Spain)","authors":"Verónica Estaca-Gómez, Raquel Liceras-Garrido, Sergio A. Quintero-Cabello, Alfredo Jimeno","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents faunal data from the Celtiberian-Roman <em>oppidum</em> of Numantia (Garray, Soria, Spain), particularly the results from two domestic units excavated between 1999 and 2000, House A and B. Both are located in the North sector of the town, using the Late Iron Age defensive rampart as a constructive terrace. These houses show the typical tripartite building pattern, separating the domestic space into three rooms and an outdoor courtyard.</div><div>Analysing 1,561 faunal remains, the main taxon in both domestic contexts are the caprines herd, followed by bovids and pigs. Most of them were adult individuals, although in House B there are also remains of infants and juveniles. We have also observed that in House A most remains came from the courtyard, whilst in House B they were recorded in a cobbled area, possibly the pavement of a street. Therefore, the largest concentration of zooarchaeological remains clusters in transit areas. Cut marks have been examined and are present in all anatomical sections of the three taxa (caprines, bovids, and horses). Finally, mortality patterns suggest that animals were used until the end of their lives for labour, fertiliser, wool and milk production. Animals were slaughtered and used for their meat when they were no longer productive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Macchia or forest? Toward the reconstruction of Ericaceae formations in Corsica (NW Mediterranean) during the Holocene using a quantitative wood anatomy analysis

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105014

Thomas Camagny , Sarah Ivorra , Jean-Frédéric Terral , Pauline Garberi , Alain Carré , Hélène Paolini-Saez , Thomas Perrin , Laurent Bouby , Claire Delhon

Arbutus unedo L. is very abundant in pre- and protohistoric anthracological assemblages of Corsica (north-western Mediterranean). In the present day, it is a dominant species, along with Erica arborea L., of the macchia, a shrubland ecosystem that covers a major part of the island. The current state of the macchia is characterised by a low and more or less dense shrubby stage, maintained by frequent disturbances. However, rare preserved plots demonstrate the capacity of Arbutus unedo to evolve into a tree up to 10 m high, forming high, nearly forested macchia.

A traditional anthracological approach documents the floristic composition of past woodland but it does not allow us to specify the growth habit of the trees. Consequently, the physiognomy and structure of the Holocene Ericaceae formations remain unknown, despite their abundance in the landscape and their potential for exploitation in pre- and protohistoric human activities. To address this issue, we have developed a quantitative eco-anatomical approach for the characterisation of size patterns of Arbutus unedo. This method is based on the measurement and quantification of wood structural and vascular elements whose abundance and size are influenced by natural or anthropogenic ecological parameters. Modern wood samples are used to build a predictive model that can be applied to archaeological specimens.

Results from statistical analyses indicate that tree height and branch size are recorded by eco-anatomical features. Moreover, it has been shown that tree height is correlated with anatomical features such as ray size and vessel density. Applied to archaeological samples of Arbutus, the eco-anatomical analysis highlights the presence of tall Arbutus trees during the early Neolithic period, while low macchia appears to be the dominant vegetation type during the Bronze and Iron Ages. These results confirm hypotheses previously formulated from pollen and charcoal data and provide further insight into the impact of human activities on the landscapes.

{"title":"Macchia or forest? Toward the reconstruction of Ericaceae formations in Corsica (NW Mediterranean) during the Holocene using a quantitative wood anatomy analysis","authors":"Thomas Camagny , Sarah Ivorra , Jean-Frédéric Terral , Pauline Garberi , Alain Carré , Hélène Paolini-Saez , Thomas Perrin , Laurent Bouby , Claire Delhon","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Arbutus unedo</em> L. is very abundant in pre- and protohistoric anthracological assemblages of Corsica (north-western Mediterranean). In the present day, it is a dominant species, along with <em>Erica arborea</em> L., of the macchia, a shrubland ecosystem that covers a major part of the island. The current state of the macchia is characterised by a low and more or less dense shrubby stage, maintained by frequent disturbances. However, rare preserved plots demonstrate the capacity of <em>Arbutus unedo</em> to evolve into a tree up to 10 m high, forming high, nearly forested macchia.</div><div>A traditional anthracological approach documents the floristic composition of past woodland but it does not allow us to specify the growth habit of the trees. Consequently, the physiognomy and structure of the Holocene Ericaceae formations remain unknown, despite their abundance in the landscape and their potential for exploitation in pre- and protohistoric human activities. To address this issue, we have developed a quantitative eco-anatomical approach for the characterisation of size patterns of <em>Arbutus unedo</em>. This method is based on the measurement and quantification of wood structural and vascular elements whose abundance and size are influenced by natural or anthropogenic ecological parameters. Modern wood samples are used to build a predictive model that can be applied to archaeological specimens.</div><div>Results from statistical analyses indicate that tree height and branch size are recorded by eco-anatomical features. Moreover, it has been shown that tree height is correlated with anatomical features such as ray size and vessel density. Applied to archaeological samples of <em>Arbutus</em>, the eco-anatomical analysis highlights the presence of tall <em>Arbutus</em> trees during the early Neolithic period, while low macchia appears to be the dominant vegetation type during the Bronze and Iron Ages. These results confirm hypotheses previously formulated from pollen and charcoal data and provide further insight into the impact of human activities on the landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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From the archaeological context to the technical documentation. The use of autodesk inventor and photogrammetry to make drawings of ceramic vessels

IF 1.5 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105023

Michal Lis, Jakub Rapala

The article presents an innovative method for creating documentation of archaeological objects based on the use of Autodesk Inventor engineering software and photogrammetric models. Figures presented in the article were made of Lusatian Culture ceramic vessels selected from the Wawel Royal Castle − National Art Collection (Cracow, Poland). The developed scientific method allows to reduce significantly the time needed to prepare documentation used by archaeologists, art conservators and artists to reconstruct archeological objects. The developed method allows for improved communication between scientists from different disciplines, such as archaeology, art conservation, and engineering.

引用次数: 0

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