Labour Economics最新文献

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Knowledge economy, internal migration, and local labour markets 知识经济、内部移民和本地劳动力市场

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102820

Agar Brugiavini , Marco Di Cataldo , Giulia Romani

The spatial concentration of knowledge-intensive activities can generate multiplicative effects at the local level. This paper examines how employment growth in knowledge-intensive and tradable sectors affects wage, days worked, and internal migration of non-tradable workers in Italy. We leverage matched employer-employee data (2005–2019) to track individuals across jobs and locations. Our empirical strategy combines a two-step estimation with a shift-share instrument to disentangle the roles of worker sorting and local spillovers. We find that knowledge sector expansion increases the number of days worked locally and attracts non-tradable workers. It also raises nominal wages, but only when sorting is not accounted for, suggesting selective inflows of more productive workers into knowledge hubs. However, rising local living costs offset nominal wage gains, leading to lower real wages.

知识密集型活动的空间集中可以在地方层面产生乘数效应。本文考察了知识密集型和可贸易部门的就业增长如何影响意大利非贸易工人的工资、工作天数和内部迁移。我们利用匹配的雇主-雇员数据（2005-2019）来跟踪不同工作和地点的个人。我们的实证策略将两步估计与移位份额工具相结合，以理清工人分类和地方溢出的作用。我们发现，知识部门的扩张增加了本地工作的天数，并吸引了非贸易工人。它也提高了名义工资，但只有在不考虑分拣的情况下，这表明更有生产力的工人有选择地流入知识中心。然而，当地生活成本的上升抵消了名义工资的增长，导致实际工资下降。

引用次数: 0

Breaking barriers: The impacts of employer exposure to immigrants 打破障碍：雇主接触移民的影响

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102805

Steven F. Lehrer , Louis-Pierre Lepage , Nuno Sousa Pereira

We study how exposure of employers to immigrants, both at the market and at the individual firm level, mitigates immigrant–native disparities. We use administrative employee–employer matched data from Portugal, which provides a unique setting given that it experienced almost no immigration until the early 2000s followed by substantial immigration waves. Focusing on the evolution of market wages across successive immigration cohorts, we find that increased employer exposure to immigrant groups contributed substantially to the wage convergence between immigrants and natives over the last two decades. We also document that individual-level exposure of firms to immigrants appears to play an important role, influencing future hiring and remuneration of immigrants. Our results provide new insights into how barriers to hiring different worker groups shape economic inequality, with novel implications for integration policies.

我们研究了雇主在市场和个人公司层面上对移民的接触如何减轻移民与本土的差异。我们使用了来自葡萄牙的行政雇员-雇主匹配数据，这提供了一个独特的环境，因为它几乎没有经历过移民，直到21世纪初，随后出现了大量的移民浪潮。关注连续移民群体中市场工资的演变，我们发现，在过去20年里，雇主对移民群体的接触增加，在很大程度上促进了移民和本地人之间的工资趋同。我们还证明，公司对移民的个人层面的敞口似乎发挥了重要作用，影响了移民的未来招聘和薪酬。我们的研究结果提供了新的见解，说明雇用不同工人群体的障碍如何影响经济不平等，并对融合政策产生新的影响。

引用次数: 0

Retirement, retention, recruitment: Evidence from a federal pension policy 退休、留任、招聘：来自联邦养老金政策的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102812

Brock M. Wilson

I exploit a policy change for U.S. federal workers’ pension benefits to estimate the effect of pension generosity on worker retirement, retention and recruitment. The policy increased pensions by 16%–25%. I find there is a 30.3% decrease in job quits for permanent workers. However, there is little evidence that pension generosity has an effect on new hires. This suggests salience may play a role in how workers value pensions. Additionally, I find a large heterogeneous labor supply response to pension generosity. Altogether, this shows that pension generosity is effective in retaining workers and may have important implications for workforce planning.

我利用美国联邦工人养老金福利的政策变化来估计养老金慷慨对工人退休、保留和招聘的影响。该政策将养老金提高了16%-25%。我发现长期员工的辞职率下降了30.3%。然而，几乎没有证据表明养老金慷慨对新员工有影响。这表明，显著性可能在工人如何评估养老金方面发挥作用。此外，我发现劳动力供给对养老金慷慨的反应很大。总之，这表明慷慨的养恤金在留住工人方面是有效的，并可能对劳动力规划产生重要影响。

引用次数: 0

Are ‘good’ firms, good for all employees? “好”公司对所有员工都好吗？

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102816

Matteo Targa

This paper investigates whether employers share rents equally between white-collar and blue-collar workers. Using bias-corrected methods on administrative data from Italy’s Veneto region, I reject this null hypothesis. On average, white-collar workers receive premia that are 13%–15% higher than those of their blue-collar counterparts. This average disparity conceals substantial heterogeneity: half of the top 20% of firms for white-collar workers fall within the bottom 60% of the blue-collar distribution. High-type firms are, thus, not equally beneficial for all employees. Finally, the paper shows that firm premia differentiation has a long history: since the late 1980s, employers have steadily reduced the rents shared with blue-collar workers.

本文考察了雇主在白领和蓝领工人之间是否平均分担租金。通过对意大利威尼托地区的行政数据进行偏差校正的方法，我拒绝了这一零假设。平均而言，白领工人的保费比蓝领工人高出13%-15%。这种平均差距掩盖了巨大的异质性：在面向白领员工的前20%的公司中，有一半位于蓝领员工分布的后60%。因此，高类型公司并非对所有员工都同样有利。最后，论文表明，企业溢价分化有着悠久的历史：自20世纪80年代末以来，雇主一直在稳步降低与蓝领工人分享的租金。

引用次数: 0

Inequality in pension contribution gaps1 养老金缴纳差距的不平等

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102807

Salvador Valdés-Prieto , Samuel Leyton

We examine how gaps in contributions to social insurance vary across the earnings distribution. These gaps have multiple short-term effects on workers in addition to reducing contributory pensions. Using a 14-year panel from Chile, we find that earners in the two lowest wage deciles experience substantially higher gaps, a result that persists after controlling for extensive covariates, individual fixed effects and applying instrumental variables. The remaining incidence of the wage decile on earner gaps is a collective attribute of each wage decile that may help guide policy. We also analyze total gaps—which include periods of inactivity—using a 35-year administrative panel. Total gap frequency declines from 91–90% in the lowest decile to 26% in the highest, a larger inequality than in other estimates. We further measure the dispersion of cumulative total gaps over a 20-year horizon, starting from different initial earnings deciles. Finally, we review reasons for weak political incentives to reduce earner gaps through closing statutory exemptions and increasing enforcement budgets.

我们研究了社会保险缴费差距在不同收入分配中的差异。这些缺口除了减少养老金缴款外，还会对工人产生多重短期影响。通过对智利长达14年的调查，我们发现工资水平最低的两个十分之一的收入者的收入差距要大得多，在控制了广泛的协变量、个体固定效应和应用工具变量之后，这一结果仍然存在。工资十分位数对收入差距的剩余影响是每个工资十分位数的集体属性，可能有助于指导政策。我们还分析了总差距——包括不活动的时期——使用了一个35年的行政小组。总差距频率从最低十分位数的91-90%下降到最高十分位数的26%，差距比其他估计更大。我们从不同的初始收入十分位数开始，进一步测量了20年期间累积总差距的分散程度。最后，我们回顾了通过关闭法定豁免和增加执法预算来减少收入差距的政治动机薄弱的原因。

引用次数: 0

On the road to social mobility? Affirmative action and major choice 在通往社会流动的道路上？平权法案和专业选择

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102821

Fernanda Estevan , Thomas Gall , Louis-Philippe Morin

Students from disadvantaged backgrounds remain underrepresented in prestigious and high-paying fields of study, such as STEM. While affirmative action (AA) policies have been shown to increase the representation of minority students in selective universities, they may also affect students’ choice of majors, with potential implications for social mobility. We study a policy implemented by a highly selective Brazilian university that expanded the range of majors accessible to lower-SES applicants, using it as a natural experiment. The policy led targeted students to apply to and enroll in more prestigious, higher-paying STEM majors and attenuated the influence of socioeconomic background on major choices. Our findings suggest that in contexts where applicants select their majors before university entry and these choices are influenced by strategic considerations, AA policies can be particularly effective in promoting social mobility.

来自弱势背景的学生在STEM等享有盛誉的高收入研究领域的代表性仍然不足。虽然平权行动（AA）政策已被证明增加了少数民族学生在名牌大学的代表性，但它们也可能影响学生对专业的选择，对社会流动性有潜在的影响。我们研究了巴西一所择优录取的大学实施的一项政策，该政策扩大了社会经济地位较低的申请者可选择的专业范围，并将其作为一项自然实验。该政策导致目标学生申请并进入更有声望、收入更高的STEM专业，并减弱了社会经济背景对专业选择的影响。我们的研究结果表明，在申请人在大学入学前选择专业的情况下，这些选择受到战略考虑的影响，AA政策在促进社会流动方面特别有效。

引用次数: 0

Gendered effects of community bereavement on time use: Evidence from the Sewol ferry disaster 社区丧亲对时间使用的性别影响：来自世越号灾难的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102783

Dongyoung Kim , Sok Chul Hong

While disasters affect local economy and residents beyond immediate casualties, there is limited evidence on these indirect effects. This study utilizes the 2014 Sewol ferry disaster as a natural experiment to examine the effects of community bereavement on time use. We compare time use before and after the disaster by examining changes both within neighborhoods with a high concentration of victims and between these neighborhoods and the rest of South Korea. On average, in response to the disaster, males in the affected area reallocated market work to leisure, while females shifted from home production to market work and to leisure activities not involving a TV. The temporal evolution of these effects suggests that they persisted throughout the sample period, which lasted 65 days post-disaster.

虽然灾害对当地经济和居民的影响超出了直接伤亡，但关于这些间接影响的证据有限。本研究以2014年世越号客轮灾难为自然实验，考察社区丧亲对时间使用的影响。我们通过检查受害者高度集中的社区内以及这些社区与韩国其他地区之间的变化，比较了灾难前后的时间使用情况。平均而言，为了应对灾难，受灾地区的男性将市场工作重新分配给休闲活动，而女性则从家庭生产转向市场工作和不涉及电视的休闲活动。这些影响的时间演变表明，它们在整个样本周期内持续存在，持续了灾难后的65天。

引用次数: 0

Disentangling structural change, servitization, and skill-biased change 拆解结构变化、服务化和技能偏向的变化

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102778

Dominik Boddin , Thilo Kroeger

This paper analyzes three key labor market trends – structural change, servitization, and skill-biased change – using German data from 1975 to 2017. Through a decomposition analysis, we discern their individual impacts on employment shifts, revealing their distinct roles in the German labor market’s evolution. Servitization and skill-biased change significantly influence employment growth alongside structural change. Surprisingly, for instance, structural change accounted for only two-thirds of job losses in the manufacturing sector. Further analysis uncovers more detailed patterns across tasks, firm types, and regions.

本文利用德国1975年至2017年的数据，分析了劳动力市场的三个关键趋势——结构变化、服务化和技能偏向化。通过分解分析，我们发现了它们对就业转移的个体影响，揭示了它们在德国劳动力市场演变中的独特作用。服务化和技能偏向变化与结构变化一起显著影响就业增长。例如，令人惊讶的是，结构性变化只占制造业失业的三分之二。进一步的分析揭示了跨任务、公司类型和地区的更详细的模式。

引用次数: 0

First generation college students and peer effects 第一代大学生和同伴效应

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102768

Michael S. Kofoed , Todd R. Jones

Higher education policymakers are concerned about the success of first-generation college students. In this study, we investigate one potential factor that may influence the outcomes of first-generation students: their peers. We leverage the assignment of roommates at The United States Military Academy (West Point) to study the effect of being exposed to a roommate(s) with a one standard deviation higher SAT score on first-semester math and English grades for first-generation students. In our main specifications, we fail to detect statistically significant effects, though we can rule out effects larger than around 0.05 to 0.07 standard deviations in final course grades.

高等教育政策制定者关注的是第一代大学生的成功。在这项研究中，我们调查了一个可能影响第一代学生成绩的潜在因素：他们的同龄人。我们利用美国军事学院（西点军校）室友的分配，研究了第一代学生在第一学期的数学和英语成绩上，面对一个SAT分数高出一个标准差的室友的影响。在我们的主要规范中，我们没有检测到统计上显著的影响，尽管我们可以排除在最终课程成绩中大于0.05到0.07标准差的影响。

引用次数: 0

Career concerns as public good: The role of signaling for open source software development 作为公共利益的职业关注：开放源代码软件开发的信号作用

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102800

Lena Abou El-Komboz, Moritz Goldbeck

Why do developers contribute to open-source software (OSS), a public good? We study OSS activity of some 22,900 developers on the largest online code repository platform, GitHub, and find evidence in favor of career concerns as a motivation. Our difference-in-differences model leverages temporal variation in signaling incentives to identify OSS activity driven by career concerns. We find that OSS activity of users who move for a job is significantly elevated in the job search period. This effect is driven by projects increasing external visibility and written in programming languages highly valued in the labor market, but with a lower direct use-value for the community.

为什么开发者要为开源软件（OSS）这个公益事业做贡献？我们研究了最大的在线代码存储平台GitHub上约22,900名开发人员的OSS活动，并找到了支持职业考虑作为动机的证据。我们的差异中的差异模型利用信号激励中的时间变化来识别由职业关注驱动的OSS活动。我们发现，在求职期间，为工作而迁移的用户的OSS活动显著增加。这种效果是由增加外部可见性的项目驱动的，这些项目是用在劳动力市场上很有价值的编程语言编写的，但是对社区的直接使用价值较低。

引用次数: 0

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