Labour Economics最新文献

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Location, housing and employment opportunities 地理位置、住房和就业机会

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102827

Vera Chiodi , Bruno Crépon , Guillermo Cruces

Housing conditions, residential location, and employment are key determinants of individual welfare, particularly for vulnerable populations facing credit constraints and information frictions. We examine how housing assistance affects employment outcomes using a randomized controlled trial in France that provided vulnerable youth (aged 18–25) with both job search assistance and housing support, including rent guarantees. The program successfully improved housing conditions: beneficiaries experienced better accommodation stability, reduced precarious situations, and increased satisfaction with their housing. However, despite substantial social worker support, the program did not improve employment rates, contract types, or earnings. Strikingly, beneficiaries moved to neighborhoods with objectively worse employment opportunities and lower socioeconomic indicators, yet reported higher satisfaction with their residential areas. This apparent paradox reveals that beneficiaries appear to prioritize housing affordability and conditions over employment access. Our results suggest that successful interventions may need to explicitly balance housing improvements with maintaining access to employment opportunities.

住房条件、居住地点和就业是个人福利的关键决定因素，特别是对面临信贷限制和信息摩擦的弱势群体而言。我们通过在法国进行的一项随机对照试验来检验住房援助如何影响就业结果，该试验为弱势青年（18-25岁）提供求职援助和住房支持，包括租金担保。该方案成功地改善了住房条件：受益人体验到更好的住宿稳定性，减少了不稳定的情况，并提高了对住房的满意度。然而，尽管有大量社会工作者的支持，该计划并没有提高就业率、合同类型或收入。引人注目的是，受益人搬到了客观上就业机会更差、社会经济指标更低的社区，但他们对自己居住的地区的满意度却更高。这个明显的悖论揭示了受益者似乎优先考虑住房负担能力和条件，而不是就业机会。我们的研究结果表明，成功的干预措施可能需要明确地平衡住房改善与保持就业机会。

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引用次数: 0

Deconstructing job search behavior 解构求职行为

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102822

Stefano Banfi , Sekyu Choi , Benjamín Villena-Roldán

Using online job board data, we study the key factors driving application decisions for unemployed and employed job seekers. We identify relevant job consideration sets using a network approach based on co-application patterns. We document how demographics and ad timing affect applications, finding evidence consistent with stock–flow matching for the unemployed. Furthermore, we show seekers respond strongly to misalignment in education, experience, wages, and location, generally applying where observable alignment is good, although employed seekers seem more ambitious, showing greater tolerance for underqualification in education and a tendency to apply for jobs above their declared wage expectations. Methodologically, we propose this network approach for defining consideration sets, helping address potential biases in standard market definitions. This evidence contributes to understanding search behavior and differences between seeker types.

利用在线求职板数据，我们研究了影响失业和在职求职者申请决策的关键因素。我们使用基于协同应用模式的网络方法确定相关的工作考虑集。我们记录了人口统计和广告时间如何影响应用程序，找到与失业人员的库存流量匹配一致的证据。此外，我们发现求职者对教育、经验、工资和地点的不一致反应强烈，通常适用于可观察到的一致性良好的地方，尽管求职者似乎更有野心，对教育不足表现出更大的容忍度，并倾向于申请高于其宣布的工资预期的工作。在方法上，我们提出这种网络方法来定义考虑集，帮助解决标准市场定义中的潜在偏差。这一证据有助于理解搜索行为和搜索者类型之间的差异。

引用次数: 0

College scholarships, poverty, signaling and employment opportunities: Evidence from a field experiment 大学奖学金、贫困、信号和就业机会：来自实地实验的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102828

Jorge M. Agüero , Francisco B. Galarza Arellano , Gustavo Yamada

We study the signaling effect of a college scholarship in a labor market where disadvantaged groups face discrimination. Using a correspondence (audit) study, we find that including information about being a scholarship recipient on a resume increases the likelihood of receiving a job interview callback by 20 %. However, the effect is much smaller for resume profiles featuring characteristics that are less common among low-income individuals. This pattern is consistent with the scholarship also conveying a negative socioeconomic signal to employers, helping explain why actual beneficiaries rarely include it on their resumes.

我们研究了在弱势群体面临歧视的劳动力市场中，大学奖学金的信号效应。通过一项通信（审计）研究，我们发现在简历中包含奖学金获得者的信息会增加20%的面试回访的可能性。然而，对于那些在低收入人群中不太常见的简历特征，这种影响要小得多。这种模式与奖学金也向雇主传递负面的社会经济信号是一致的，这有助于解释为什么真正的受益者很少在简历上包括它。

引用次数: 0

Minimum wages in a dual labor market: Evidence from the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain 双重劳动力市场中的最低工资：来自西班牙2019年最低工资上涨的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102826

Alexander Hijzen , Mateo Montenegro , Ana Sofia Pessoa

This paper provides an assessment of the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain, which increased the minimum wage by 22 % and directly concerned 7 % of dependent employees. We make use of two complementary approaches, one that follows incumbent workers over time and hence does not take account of any possible effects on new hires, and one that tracks employment in wage bins over time and takes account of both separations and new hires. The results are as follows. First, the minimum wage hike significantly increased the wages of directly affected workers, with small positive wage spillovers on workers with initial wages just about the new minimum wage. Second, the increase in wages comes at the expense of a reduction in low-wage employment. While employment increases just above the minimum wage, it is not sufficient to offset the decline in employment below it. Third, the reduction in employment is mainly driven by a reduction in hires of workers on open-ended contracts and to a smaller extent job losses among workers on fixed-term contracts. This illustrates that limiting the study of minimum wage hikes to stayers can dampen the estimated impact on employment.

本文对西班牙2019年最低工资上涨进行了评估，该上涨将最低工资提高了22%，直接涉及7%的受抚养员工。我们采用了两种互补的方法，一种是长期跟踪在职员工，因此不考虑对新员工的任何可能影响；另一种是长期跟踪工资仓中的就业情况，并考虑离职和新员工。结果如下：首先，最低工资上调显著提高了直接受影响的工人的工资，对初始工资与新最低工资相近的工人的工资溢出效应很小。其次，工资的增长是以低工资就业的减少为代价的。虽然就业增长仅略高于最低工资，但这不足以抵消低于最低工资的就业下降。第三，就业减少的主要原因是无固定期限合同工人的就业减少，以及固定期限合同工人在较小程度上的失业。这说明，将最低工资上调的研究局限于滞留者，可能会降低对就业的估计影响。

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引用次数: 0

Older workers, pension reforms and firm outcomes 老龄工人、养老金改革和企业业绩

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102823

Francesca Carta , Francesco D’Amuri , Till von Wachter

Using Italian matched employer–employee data, this paper quantifies the effect of an exogenous increase in older workers, driven by an unexpected increase in the statutory retirement age, on the input mix and economic outcomes of medium and large firms. Data on lifetime pension contributions are used to calculate the unexpected additional number of older workers retained by each firm as a result of the pension reform. Instrumental variable estimates show that an increase in the number of older workers leads to a precisely estimated rise in the employment of younger workers, value added and total labor costs relative to less affected firms, holding average labor productivity and unit labor costs constant. The effect is stronger and mostly concentrated in larger firms and in firms where older workers are scarcer, suggesting the existence of firm-specific human capital that generates replacement frictions that the pension reform can alleviate.

本文使用意大利匹配的雇主-雇员数据，量化了由法定退休年龄意外提高驱动的外生老年工人增加对大中型企业投入结构和经济结果的影响。关于终身养老金缴款的数据被用来计算由于养老金改革而被每个公司保留的意外的额外老年工人数量。工具变量估计表明，老年工人数量的增加导致准确估计年轻工人就业率的上升，相对于受影响较小的企业的增加值和总劳动力成本，保持平均劳动生产率和单位劳动力成本不变。这种效应更强，而且主要集中在较大的企业和老年工人较少的企业，这表明企业特有的人力资本的存在会产生替代摩擦，而养老金改革可以缓解这种摩擦。

引用次数: 0

The effects of negative labor market conditions at entry: Evidence from the 2004–05 NHL lockout 进入时负面劳动力市场条件的影响：来自2004-05年NHL停摆的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102825

Chengyuan Hua , Brad R. Humphreys

We investigate the impact of a large negative labor market shock on short-run and long-run labor market outcomes of new entrants exposed to this shock. The shock, a labor dispute over a new collective bargaining agreement, resulted in the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season in the National Hockey League (NHL). We compare career outcomes of new entrants exposed to this shock, players who declared for the 2004 draft, to career outcomes of new entrants in the 2003 draft who were not exposed, generating estimates of the average impact of the treatment on the treated. Results show that new entrants exposed to the shock experienced shorter careers than new entrants in the control group. The results also show strong effect heterogeneity based on observable worker characteristics. New entrants born in Europe benefited from exposure to the shock compared to new entrants born in North America, who were less likely to ever play in the NHL and had shorter careers than treated Europeans. Alternative employment opportunities in European hockey leagues represents a likely mechanism for these results.

我们研究了巨大的负面劳动力市场冲击对面临这种冲击的新进入者的短期和长期劳动力市场结果的影响。一场关于新的集体谈判协议的劳资纠纷导致了2004-05赛季整个国家冰球联盟（NHL）的取消。我们比较了在2004年选秀中受到这种冲击的新进入者的职业生涯结果，以及在2003年选秀中没有受到这种冲击的新进入者的职业生涯结果，得出了治疗对被治疗者的平均影响的估计。结果表明，受冲击的新入职者的职业生涯比对照组的新入职者短。结果还显示了基于可观察到的工人特征的强效应异质性。与出生在北美的新进入者相比，出生在欧洲的新进入者受益于冲击，后者不太可能参加NHL比赛，职业生涯也比接受治疗的欧洲人短。欧洲冰球联盟的替代就业机会代表了这些结果的可能机制。

引用次数: 0

Does immigration affect native wages? A meta-analysis 移民会影响本地工资吗？一个荟萃分析

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102815

Amandine Aubry , Jérôme Héricourt , Léa Marchal , Clément Nedoncelle

The impact of immigration on native wages remains a contentious issue in labour economics. This meta-analysis synthesises evidence from 88 studies published between 1985 and 2023, offering a comprehensive assessment of reduced-form estimates. We document substantial heterogeneity across estimates and show that contexts and empirical designs systematically shape reported effects. In particular, shift-share instrumental-variable strategies correct the upward bias seen in OLS estimates. Our findings emphasise the necessity for replication and enhanced transparency in methodological reporting.

在劳动经济学中，移民对本地工资的影响仍是一个有争议的问题。这项荟萃分析综合了1985年至2023年间发表的88项研究的证据，对简化形式的估计进行了全面评估。我们记录了估算的实质性异质性，并表明背景和经验设计系统地塑造了报告的效果。特别是，偏移份额工具变量策略纠正了OLS估计中出现的向上偏差。我们的发现强调了在方法学报告中进行复制和提高透明度的必要性。

引用次数: 0

Are ‘good’ firms, good for all employees? “好”公司对所有员工都好吗？

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102816

Matteo Targa

This paper investigates whether employers share rents equally between white-collar and blue-collar workers. Using bias-corrected methods on administrative data from Italy’s Veneto region, I reject this null hypothesis. On average, white-collar workers receive premia that are 13%–15% higher than those of their blue-collar counterparts. This average disparity conceals substantial heterogeneity: half of the top 20% of firms for white-collar workers fall within the bottom 60% of the blue-collar distribution. High-type firms are, thus, not equally beneficial for all employees. Finally, the paper shows that firm premia differentiation has a long history: since the late 1980s, employers have steadily reduced the rents shared with blue-collar workers.

本文考察了雇主在白领和蓝领工人之间是否平均分担租金。通过对意大利威尼托地区的行政数据进行偏差校正的方法，我拒绝了这一零假设。平均而言，白领工人的保费比蓝领工人高出13%-15%。这种平均差距掩盖了巨大的异质性：在面向白领员工的前20%的公司中，有一半位于蓝领员工分布的后60%。因此，高类型公司并非对所有员工都同样有利。最后，论文表明，企业溢价分化有着悠久的历史：自20世纪80年代末以来，雇主一直在稳步降低与蓝领工人分享的租金。

引用次数: 0

Knowledge economy, internal migration, and local labour markets 知识经济、内部移民和本地劳动力市场

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102820

Agar Brugiavini , Marco Di Cataldo , Giulia Romani

The spatial concentration of knowledge-intensive activities can generate multiplicative effects at the local level. This paper examines how employment growth in knowledge-intensive and tradable sectors affects wage, days worked, and internal migration of non-tradable workers in Italy. We leverage matched employer-employee data (2005–2019) to track individuals across jobs and locations. Our empirical strategy combines a two-step estimation with a shift-share instrument to disentangle the roles of worker sorting and local spillovers. We find that knowledge sector expansion increases the number of days worked locally and attracts non-tradable workers. It also raises nominal wages, but only when sorting is not accounted for, suggesting selective inflows of more productive workers into knowledge hubs. However, rising local living costs offset nominal wage gains, leading to lower real wages.

知识密集型活动的空间集中可以在地方层面产生乘数效应。本文考察了知识密集型和可贸易部门的就业增长如何影响意大利非贸易工人的工资、工作天数和内部迁移。我们利用匹配的雇主-雇员数据（2005-2019）来跟踪不同工作和地点的个人。我们的实证策略将两步估计与移位份额工具相结合，以理清工人分类和地方溢出的作用。我们发现，知识部门的扩张增加了本地工作的天数，并吸引了非贸易工人。它也提高了名义工资，但只有在不考虑分拣的情况下，这表明更有生产力的工人有选择地流入知识中心。然而，当地生活成本的上升抵消了名义工资的增长，导致实际工资下降。

引用次数: 0

On the road to social mobility? Affirmative action and major choice 在通往社会流动的道路上？平权法案和专业选择

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102821

Fernanda Estevan , Thomas Gall , Louis-Philippe Morin

Students from disadvantaged backgrounds remain underrepresented in prestigious and high-paying fields of study, such as STEM. While affirmative action (AA) policies have been shown to increase the representation of minority students in selective universities, they may also affect students’ choice of majors, with potential implications for social mobility. We study a policy implemented by a highly selective Brazilian university that expanded the range of majors accessible to lower-SES applicants, using it as a natural experiment. The policy led targeted students to apply to and enroll in more prestigious, higher-paying STEM majors and attenuated the influence of socioeconomic background on major choices. Our findings suggest that in contexts where applicants select their majors before university entry and these choices are influenced by strategic considerations, AA policies can be particularly effective in promoting social mobility.

来自弱势背景的学生在STEM等享有盛誉的高收入研究领域的代表性仍然不足。虽然平权行动（AA）政策已被证明增加了少数民族学生在名牌大学的代表性，但它们也可能影响学生对专业的选择，对社会流动性有潜在的影响。我们研究了巴西一所择优录取的大学实施的一项政策，该政策扩大了社会经济地位较低的申请者可选择的专业范围，并将其作为一项自然实验。该政策导致目标学生申请并进入更有声望、收入更高的STEM专业，并减弱了社会经济背景对专业选择的影响。我们的研究结果表明，在申请人在大学入学前选择专业的情况下，这些选择受到战略考虑的影响，AA政策在促进社会流动方面特别有效。

引用次数: 0

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