Labour Economics最新文献

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Minimum wages in a dual labor market: Evidence from the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain 双重劳动力市场中的最低工资：来自西班牙2019年最低工资上涨的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102826

Alexander Hijzen , Mateo Montenegro , Ana Sofia Pessoa

This paper provides an assessment of the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain, which increased the minimum wage by 22 % and directly concerned 7 % of dependent employees. We make use of two complementary approaches, one that follows incumbent workers over time and hence does not take account of any possible effects on new hires, and one that tracks employment in wage bins over time and takes account of both separations and new hires. The results are as follows. First, the minimum wage hike significantly increased the wages of directly affected workers, with small positive wage spillovers on workers with initial wages just about the new minimum wage. Second, the increase in wages comes at the expense of a reduction in low-wage employment. While employment increases just above the minimum wage, it is not sufficient to offset the decline in employment below it. Third, the reduction in employment is mainly driven by a reduction in hires of workers on open-ended contracts and to a smaller extent job losses among workers on fixed-term contracts. This illustrates that limiting the study of minimum wage hikes to stayers can dampen the estimated impact on employment.

本文对西班牙2019年最低工资上涨进行了评估，该上涨将最低工资提高了22%，直接涉及7%的受抚养员工。我们采用了两种互补的方法，一种是长期跟踪在职员工，因此不考虑对新员工的任何可能影响；另一种是长期跟踪工资仓中的就业情况，并考虑离职和新员工。结果如下：首先，最低工资上调显著提高了直接受影响的工人的工资，对初始工资与新最低工资相近的工人的工资溢出效应很小。其次，工资的增长是以低工资就业的减少为代价的。虽然就业增长仅略高于最低工资，但这不足以抵消低于最低工资的就业下降。第三，就业减少的主要原因是无固定期限合同工人的就业减少，以及固定期限合同工人在较小程度上的失业。这说明，将最低工资上调的研究局限于滞留者，可能会降低对就业的估计影响。

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引用次数: 0

Replacing labour with capital: Evidence from aggregate mobility shocks 用资本取代劳动力：来自总体流动性冲击的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102832

Bharadwaj Kannan , Roberto Pinheiro , Harry J. Turtle

Do firms respond to labour mobility shocks? We construct an overlapping generations model where policies restricting labour mobility present firms with an important trade-off. Firms leverage their monopsony power to reduce late-career wages while early-career workers demand a wage premium to join the restricted sector. In response to higher labour turnover costs, firms alter their optimal capital–labour ratio. We confirm these predictions in the data by exploiting the statewide adoption by state supreme courts of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) as a valid legal doctrine intended to protect trade secrets by restricting labour mobility. Post-IDD, early-career workers receive higher starting wages, late-career workers experience slower wage growth, firms raise investment by 3.5%, and their capital–labour ratio by 5.5%. Our results suggest that firms respond meaningfully to labour mobility shocks by replacing labour with capital.

企业对劳动力流动冲击有反应吗？我们构建了一个代际重叠模型，其中限制劳动力流动的政策给企业带来了重要的权衡。公司利用他们的垄断力量来降低后期职业的工资，而早期职业的工人则要求工资溢价才能加入受限制的行业。为了应对更高的劳动力流动成本，企业改变了其最优资本劳动比。我们通过利用州最高法院在全州范围内采用的不可避免的披露原则（IDD）作为旨在通过限制劳动力流动来保护商业秘密的有效法律原则，在数据中证实了这些预测。在idd之后，早期职业工作者的起薪更高，晚期职业工作者的工资增长较慢，企业将投资提高3.5%，资本劳动比率提高5.5%。我们的研究结果表明，企业通过用资本取代劳动力来有效地应对劳动力流动性冲击。

引用次数: 0

Older workers, pension reforms and firm outcomes 老龄工人、养老金改革和企业业绩

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102823

Francesca Carta , Francesco D’Amuri , Till von Wachter

Using Italian matched employer–employee data, this paper quantifies the effect of an exogenous increase in older workers, driven by an unexpected increase in the statutory retirement age, on the input mix and economic outcomes of medium and large firms. Data on lifetime pension contributions are used to calculate the unexpected additional number of older workers retained by each firm as a result of the pension reform. Instrumental variable estimates show that an increase in the number of older workers leads to a precisely estimated rise in the employment of younger workers, value added and total labor costs relative to less affected firms, holding average labor productivity and unit labor costs constant. The effect is stronger and mostly concentrated in larger firms and in firms where older workers are scarcer, suggesting the existence of firm-specific human capital that generates replacement frictions that the pension reform can alleviate.

本文使用意大利匹配的雇主-雇员数据，量化了由法定退休年龄意外提高驱动的外生老年工人增加对大中型企业投入结构和经济结果的影响。关于终身养老金缴款的数据被用来计算由于养老金改革而被每个公司保留的意外的额外老年工人数量。工具变量估计表明，老年工人数量的增加导致准确估计年轻工人就业率的上升，相对于受影响较小的企业的增加值和总劳动力成本，保持平均劳动生产率和单位劳动力成本不变。这种效应更强，而且主要集中在较大的企业和老年工人较少的企业，这表明企业特有的人力资本的存在会产生替代摩擦，而养老金改革可以缓解这种摩擦。

引用次数: 0

Partner effects and collaborative learning 伙伴效应和协作学习

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102842

Marisa Hidalgo-Hidalgo, Dunia López-Pintado

Individuals interact within small, and often unobservable, groups embedded in broader social contexts, which significantly shape peer dynamics and influence outcomes. Although peer effects are widely studied, their direction and impact are highly variable and context-dependent. This lack of consensus presents difficulties for decision-making in education, workplaces, and other settings, underscoring the importance of addressing subtle aspects of the interaction process effectively. We investigate the impact of partner interactions on learning outcomes in a setting combining collaborative and individual tasks. We conduct a field experiment using the simplest group structure possible—pairs—thus avoiding the endogenous formation of smaller peer groups. In particular, university students were randomly and repeatedly paired to sit together and collaborate during classroom activities. Our findings reveal a negative partner ability effect: an increase in partner ability reduces one’s academic outcomes. This effect is particularly pronounced when paired with more capable counterparts and for male students. Results remain robust across various specifications and sample definitions, among others. We explore potential mechanisms behind these results such as free-riding and discouragement.

个人在嵌入更广泛的社会背景的小群体中相互作用，往往是不可观察的，这显著地塑造了同伴的动态和影响结果。虽然同伴效应被广泛研究，但其方向和影响是高度可变的和依赖于环境的。这种共识的缺乏给教育、工作场所和其他环境中的决策带来了困难，强调了有效解决互动过程中微妙方面的重要性。我们研究了在协作和个人任务相结合的环境中，伙伴互动对学习成果的影响。我们使用最简单的群体结构——成对——进行实地实验，从而避免内生形成更小的同伴群体。特别是，在课堂活动中，大学生被随机地反复配对坐在一起并进行合作。我们的研究结果揭示了一种消极的伙伴能力效应：伙伴能力的提高会降低一个人的学业成绩。这种效果在与能力更强的同学和男生配对时尤为明显。结果在各种规格和样本定义中仍然是健壮的。我们探讨了这些结果背后的潜在机制，如搭便车和气馁。

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引用次数: 0

The two faces of worker specialization 工人专业化的两面

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102829

Zsófia L. Bárány , Kerstin Holzheu

We study how worker specialization — the distance between a worker’s skill set and those prevalent in the labor market — shapes employment outcomes. Using US and French data, we first document that specialized jobs are characterized by asymmetric skill profiles and a scarcity of nearby employment opportunities. We incorporate these features into a random search model with multidimensional skills, mismatch penalties and skill complementarity. We show that specialization lowers job-finding rates due to a lack of suitable jobs, but raises re-employment wages via improved productivity. Empirical evidence from displaced workers in both countries confirms these predictions. Our findings reconcile competing views in the literature by showing that specialization entails trade-offs and is neither uniformly beneficial nor harmful.

我们研究工人专业化——工人的技能与劳动力市场中普遍存在的技能之间的距离——如何影响就业结果。利用美国和法国的数据，我们首先证明了专业工作的特点是技能不对称和附近就业机会的稀缺。我们将这些特征整合到一个具有多维技能、错配惩罚和技能互补的随机搜索模型中。我们表明，专业化由于缺乏合适的工作而降低了就业率，但通过提高生产率提高了再就业工资。来自两国失业工人的经验证据证实了这些预测。我们的研究结果调和了文献中相互矛盾的观点，表明专业化需要权衡，既不总是有益的，也不总是有害的。

引用次数: 0

The long shadow of labor market entry conditions: Intergenerational determinants of mental health 劳动力市场进入条件的长期阴影：心理健康的代际决定因素

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102843

Micole De Vera , Javier Garcia-Brazales , Jiayi Lin

What determines long-term mental health and its intergenerational correlation? Exploiting variation in unemployment rates upon labor market entry across Australian states and cohorts, we provide novel evidence that the mental health of daughters is affected by the labor market entry conditions of their parents. In particular, a one standard deviation shock to the unemployment rate upon parental labor market entry worsens daughters’ mental health during adolescence by 11% of a standard deviation. This effect is accompanied by lower levels of satisfaction with their health, financial situation, safety, and overall life. A mediation analysis suggests that a sizable proportion (24%) of the impacts on the descendants’ mental health is explained by the worse mental health of their parents at mid-life. We do not detect any systematic impact of parental labor market entry conditions among sons.

是什么决定了长期的心理健康及其代际关系？利用澳大利亚各州和群体劳动力市场进入时失业率的差异，我们提供了新的证据，证明女儿的心理健康受到父母劳动力市场进入条件的影响。特别是，父母进入劳动力市场时失业率的一个标准差冲击会使女儿在青春期的心理健康状况恶化11%的标准差。与此同时，他们对健康、经济状况、安全和整体生活的满意度也较低。一项中介分析表明，相当大比例（24%）对后代心理健康的影响可以解释为其父母在中年时心理健康状况较差。我们没有发现父母进入劳动力市场的条件对儿子有任何系统性影响。

引用次数: 0

Skill-biased wage effects of domestic outsourcing 国内外包的技能偏向工资效应

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102849

Eren Gürer, Erol Taymaz

This study examines the impact of domestic outsourcing on the wages of workers performing outsourced tasks in Türkiye during the period 2012-2022, using an administrative employee-employer linked dataset. Outsourcing events are identified by tracking worker flows across firms with specific properties. Unlike existing studies, our dataset incorporates buyer-supplier transactions, enabling us to confirm that a relationship between the predecessor and successor firm b egins following the outsourcing event. This improves our ability to identify outsourcing events, which we use to explore wage effects of both high-skilled and low-skilled outsourcing. Our findings indicate that low-skilled workers experience wage losses from domestic outsourcing, while high-skilled, professional workers benefit, suggesting that domestic outsourcing may be one of the factors contributing to rising wage inequality.

本研究使用行政雇员-雇主关联数据集，考察了2012-2022年期间，国内外包对在日本执行外包任务的工人工资的影响。通过跟踪具有特定属性的公司之间的工人流动来识别外包事件。与现有的研究不同，我们的数据集包含了买方-供应商交易，使我们能够确认前任和继任者公司b之间的关系是在外包事件之后开始的。这提高了我们识别外包事件的能力，我们用它来探索高技能和低技能外包的工资影响。我们的研究结果表明，低技能工人从国内外包中遭受工资损失，而高技能的专业工人则受益，这表明国内外包可能是导致工资不平等加剧的因素之一。

引用次数: 0

Intergenerational transmission of time preferences: Evidence from rural Thailand 时间偏好的代际传递：来自泰国农村的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102781

Suparee W. Boonmanunt , Wasinee Jantorn , Varunee Khruapradit , Weerachart T. Kilenthong

This study investigates factors associated with child time preferences using a longitudinal dataset from rural Thailand with rich background information on child, caregiver, parent, and household characteristics. We find that the caregiver discount factor positively correlates with a child’s ability to delay gratification, regardless of whether the caregiver is a parent. This correlation is stronger when both parents live at home than when neither of them is present, and when the main caregivers are older. In addition, children’s age, literacy ability, and being a firstborn child (versus later-born) are significantly associated with children’s time preferences, while other variables, e.g., screen time, are not.

本研究使用来自泰国农村的纵向数据集调查儿童时间偏好的相关因素，该数据集具有丰富的儿童、照顾者、父母和家庭特征背景信息。我们发现，照顾者折扣因子与儿童延迟满足的能力正相关，无论照顾者是否是父母。当父母都住在家里时，这种相关性比父母都不在家时更强，当主要照顾者年龄较大时。此外，儿童的年龄、识字能力和长子（相对于晚生）与儿童的时间偏好显著相关，而其他变量（如屏幕时间）则没有关系。

引用次数: 0

Gender mix prescription: Is it the cure for job satisfaction and retention? 性别混合处方：它是治疗工作满意度和留任的良方吗？

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102786

Margherita Agnoletto , Martina Repetto

This paper investigates the effects of gender composition within general practices on overall job satisfaction, its associated lower-level domains, service quality and retention rates of general practitioners (GPs). Using data from the nationally representative Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) panel, we estimate an individual fixed-effects model and address potential endogeneity in several ways. We show that an increase in the female share of GPs within a practice positively influences overall job satisfaction and various well-being components, with female GPs driving the effects. However, increasing the female share negatively affects several domains of job satisfaction if it reduces gender diversity, highlighting the importance of maintaining a balanced gender composition within practices. To obtain an equivalent effect on overall job satisfaction, gross annual earnings would need to increase by approximately AU$406,400. Additionally, our findings show positive effects on retention intentions. Potential mechanisms include a greater understanding of work-life balance among colleagues, stronger workplace support, and reduced job-related stress.

本文调查了全科医生的性别构成对整体工作满意度的影响，其相关的低水平领域，服务质量和全科医生（gp）的保留率。使用来自澳大利亚全国代表性医学：平衡就业和生活（MABEL）小组的数据，我们估计了个体固定效应模型，并从几个方面解决了潜在的内生性问题。我们表明，女性全科医生在实践中所占比例的增加对整体工作满意度和各种福祉成分产生了积极影响，女性全科医生推动了这种影响。然而，如果增加女性比例减少了性别多样性，就会对工作满意度的几个领域产生负面影响，从而突出了在实践中保持平衡的性别构成的重要性。要获得对整体工作满意度的同等影响，年收入总额需要增加约406,400澳元。此外，我们的研究结果还显示了留存意向的积极影响。潜在的机制包括同事之间对工作与生活平衡的更好理解，更强的工作场所支持，以及减少与工作相关的压力。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of terrorism on education: Evidence from the death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan 恐怖主义对教育的影响：来自巴基斯坦本拉登之死的证据

IF 2.6 2区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Labour Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102780

Saqib Hussain, Chungeun Yoon

This paper investigates the impact of terrorism on educational outcomes following the death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan. The unexpected death of bin Laden, al-Qaeda’s founder and symbolic leader, triggered a significant escalation in retaliatory terrorist attacks. Terrorist groups perceived Pakistan as complicit in the U.S. operation, leading to increased attacks on government, military, and civilian targets, with assaults on educational institutions rising by 50 percent. This surge led to a significant decline in educational attainment, reducing average years of schooling by 0.52 years and lowering primary school completion rates by 5.9 percentage points, with a more pronounced impact on girls. Furthermore, academic performance declined, with math, English, and reading scores falling by approximately 0.1 standard deviations. These findings highlight that the elimination of a terrorist leader can incite retaliatory violence, significantly undermining the educational prospects of children, particularly girls.

本文调查了恐怖主义对巴基斯坦本拉登死亡后教育成果的影响。基地组织创始人和象征性领导人本•拉登的意外死亡，引发了报复性恐怖袭击的显著升级。恐怖组织认为巴基斯坦是美国行动的同谋，导致对政府、军事和平民目标的袭击增加，对教育机构的袭击增加了50%。这一激增导致受教育程度大幅下降，平均受教育年限减少了0.52年，小学毕业率降低了5.9个百分点，对女孩的影响更为明显。此外，学习成绩也有所下降，数学、英语和阅读成绩下降了大约0.1个标准差。这些发现突出表明，消灭恐怖主义领导人可能会激起报复性暴力，严重破坏儿童，特别是女孩的教育前景。

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